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  • Baja California, MEXICO: The boojum or cirio (Fouquieria columnaris, synonym Idria columnaris) is a bizarre-looking tree in the family Fouquieriaceae, whose other members include the Ocotillos. It is nearly endemic to the Baja California peninsula, with only a small population in the Sierra Bacha of Sonora. A fifty-year-old specimen might be a foot thick at its base, and less than five feet tall. It's one of the slowest growing plants in the world, at the rate of a foot every ten years, which means a mature fifty-footer may be more than 500 years old. An Arizona botanist, in 1922, applied the name boojum, after the imaginary "boojum" that inhabited "distant shores" in Lewis Carrol's poem Hunting of the Snark. The early Spaniards called it cirio, or candle, probably because of its resemblance to the handmade tapers that decorated the altars in the Jesuit mission churches. The flowers bloom in summer and autumn; they occur in short racemes, and are creamy yellow with a honey scent. Published in Americas Magazine, "Bizarre Blooms of Baja" article, April 2006 (official magazine of the Organization of American States, OAS).
    89BAJ-X1-31mod2-Boojum-trees.jpg
  • Bricks wedge a tree cavity. Shirley Plantation, settled in 1613, is the oldest active plantation in Virginia and said to be the oldest family-owned business in North America, dating back to 1638. Shirley Plantation, a National Historic Landmark, is an estate located on the north bank of the James River in Charles City County, Virginia, USA, on State Route 5, a scenic byway which runs between the independent cities of Richmond and Williamsburg (neither is part of a county). Shirley Plantation has been occupied by the Hill family and their descendants since 1738. The mother of Confederate General Robert E. Lee, Anne Hill Carter, was born at Shirley; and in 1793, she married Light Horse Harry Lee in the mansion's parlor. Construction of the present mansion began in 1723 when Elizabeth Hill, great-granddaughter of the first Hill, married John Carter, eldest son of Robert "King" Carter. Completed in 1738, the mansion, referred to as the "Great House," is largely in its original state and is owned, operated, and lived in by direct descendants of Edward Hill. The Carter family has lived in the house for ten generations, with the eleventh generation currently occupying the house. It is normally open for tours 9:00 a.m. to 5:00 p.m. daily. The house is the Carter family's only place of residence and therefore, only the bottom floor is open to tours.
    08VA-1234.jpg
  • White, yellow, red, and black birch tree bark forms a pattern at Geiranger, in Stranda municipality, Sunnmøre region, Møre og Romsdal county, Norway.
    11NOR2-083.jpg
  • A fiery orange sunset glows over fir trees, Seattle, Washington.
    0906SEA-11.jpg
  • A fiery orange sunset glows over fir trees and Puget Sound, and Olympic Mountains, Seattle, Washington.
    0906SEA-04.jpg
  • A fiery orange sunset glows over fir trees, Seattle, Washington.
    0906SEA-03.jpg
  • The Giant Tingle Tree is the largest known living eucalypt in the world, measuring 24 meters in circumference at the base. See it in Walpole-Nornalup National Park on the Bibbulmun Track, which starts on Hilltop Road between Walpole and Nornalup, in Western Australia. The inside of the base is burnt out from severe fires of 1937 and 1951, but the tree still lives and grows from tissue under the outer bark. Red Tingle trees (Eucalyptus Jacksonii) are only found in and around Walpole-Nornalup National Park, nowhere else on earth.  Growing up to 75 meters or more tall, with circular girth of up to 26 meters, Red Tingle trees can live over 400 years. Panorama stitched from three overlapping images. Published in "Light Travel: Photography on the Go" book by Tom Dempsey 2009, 2010.
    04AUS-10825_30_31pan_Giant-Tingle-Tr...jpg
  • The Giant Tingle Tree is the largest known living eucalypt in the world, measuring 24 meters in circumference at the base. See it in Walpole-Nornalup National Park on the Bibbulmun Track, which starts on Hilltop Road between Walpole and Nornalup, in Western Australia. The inside of the base is burnt out from severe fires of 1937 and 1951, but the tree still lives and grows from tissue under the outer bark. Red Tingle trees (Eucalyptus Jacksonii) are only found in and around Walpole-Nornalup National Park, nowhere else on earth.  Growing up to 75 meters or more tall, with circular girth of up to 26 meters, Red Tingle trees can live over 400 years. Published in "Light Travel: Photography on the Go" book by Tom Dempsey 2009, 2010.
    04AUS-10825-p1_Giant-Tingle-Tree.jpg
  • Gum trees (eucalyptus) grow colorful bark patterns on the Overland Track. Cradle Mountain-Lake Saint Clair National Park, Tasmania, Australia. Mostly native to Australia where they dominate the tree flora, Eucalyptus is a diverse genus of flowering trees (and a few shrubs) in the myrtle family, Myrtaceae. Many are known as gum trees because of copious sap exuded from any break in the bark. Published in "Light Travel: Photography on the Go" book by Tom Dempsey 2009, 2010.
    04AUS-30385_gum-tree-bark.jpg
  • Polylepis genus of tree is in the rose family. As a day trip by car and foot from Huaraz, hike to Lake 69 (4600 meters elevation, 8 miles round trip with 800 meters gain) in the Cordillera Blanca, Andes Mountains, Peru, South America. This gnarled tree is wind-pollinated.
    14PER-0254_Polylepis-tree-genus.jpg
  • Tom climbs rebar rungs of the public Diamond Tree, a 51-meter tall Karri (Eucalyptus diversicolor) mounted with a fire lookout. Drive 10 km south of Manjimup on the South Western Highway, in Western Australia. Growing up to 90 meters, Karri trees stand amongst the tallest species on earth. Published in "Light Travel: Photography on the Go" book by Tom Dempsey 2009, 2010. For licensing options, please inquire.
    04AUS-10688_climb-Diamond-Tree.jpg
  • A twisted juniper tree grows at Dragon Point, in Black Canyon of the Gunnison National Park, near Montrose, Colorado, USA. The canyon exposes you to some of the steepest cliffs, oldest rock, and craggiest spires in North America. With two million years to work, the Gunnison River, along with the forces of weathering, has sculpted this vertical wilderness of rock, water, and sky.
    1503SW3-184_twisted-juniper-tree.jpg
  • A twisted juniper tree grows at Dragon Point, in Black Canyon of the Gunnison National Park, near Montrose, Colorado, USA. The canyon exposes you to some of the steepest cliffs, oldest rock, and craggiest spires in North America. With two million years to work, the Gunnison River, along with the forces of weathering, has sculpted this vertical wilderness of rock, water, and sky.
    1503SW-1645_twisted-juniper-tree.jpg
  • A dwarf tree (natural bonsai) thrives in a sandstone crack in Lost Canyon, in Needles District of Canyonlands National Park, Utah, USA.
    1503SW-1062_dwarf-tree-bonsai.jpg
  • Peeling brown bark of Polylepis genus of tree, which is the only wind-pollinated group of plants in the rose family. As a day trip by car and foot from Huaraz, hike to Lake 69 (4600 meters elevation, 8 miles round trip with 800 meters gain) in the Cordillera Blanca, Andes Mountains, Peru, South America.
    14PER-0269_bark_Polylepis-tree-genus.jpg
  • Rebar rungs allow anyone to climb the public Diamond Tree, a 51-meter tall Karri (Eucalyptus diversicolor) mounted with a fire lookout. Drive 10 km south of Manjimup on the South Western Highway, in Western Australia. Growing up to 90 meters, Karri trees stand amongst the tallest species on earth. Published in "Light Travel: Photography on the Go" book by Tom Dempsey 2009, 2010.
    04AUS-10723_Diamond-Tree-Fire-Lookou...jpg
  • Tree ferns grow high over the Tuatapere Hump Ridge Track, in Fiordland National Park, South Island, New Zealand. In 1990, UNESCO honored Te Wahipounamu - South West New Zealand as a World Heritage Area.
    07NZ_2261_tree-ferns.jpg
  • One of the two types of "elephant tree" (maybe Bursera microphylla) in Baja California, MEXICO. Published in Americas Magazine, "Bizarre Blooms of Baja" article, April 2006 (official magazine of the Organization of American States, OAS).
    89BAJ-X1-06-Elephant-tree-yellow-lea...jpg
  • A plane tree traditionally grows in the slate town squares of Zagoria, such as this one in Mikro Papingo village (or small Papigo, Greek: ), north Pindus Mountains (Pindos or Pindhos), Epirus/Epiros, Greece, Europe. Zagori (Greek: ) is a region and a municipality in the Pindus mountains in Epirus, in northwestern Greece. Zagori contains 45 villages collectively known as Zagoria (Zagorochoria or Zagorohoria). The northeast wall of Vikos Gorge is Mount Tymfi (or Greek: , also transliterated Timfi, Tymphe, or Tymphi), near the 40 degree parallel. Tymfi forms a massif with its highest peak, Gamila, at 2497 meters (8192 feet), the sixth highest in Greece. Published in "Pindos: The National Park" (2010) by Alexander G. Tziolas, preface by Tom Dempsey et al, ISBN 978-960-98795-3-8.
    01GRE-33-29_plane-tree_Papingo-squar...jpg
  • A lone mangrove tree casts a shadow on a white beach on a blue-green lagoon in the Galapagos Islands, Ecuador, South America. In 1959, Ecuador declared 97% of the land area of the Galápagos Islands to be Galápagos National Park, which UNESCO registered as a World Heritage Site in 1978. Ecuador created the Galápagos Marine Reserve in 1998, which UNESCO appended in 2001.
    86GAL-20-02_mangrove-tree-beach.jpg
  • Tree ferns, Abel Tasman National Park, South Island, New Zealand. Published in "Light Travel: Photography on the Go" by Tom Dempsey 2009, 2010.
    07NZ_4231_tree-ferns_Abel-Tasman-NP.jpg
  • Hear the warble of exotic birds as you walk through an enchanting Monkey Puzzle tree forest in Nahuelbuta National Park, Cordillera de Nahuelbuta, a coast range near Angol (north of Temuco), Chile, South America. Mysterious mists water a garden of yellow lichen draped over the trees. Branches form an umbrella of sharp leaves on a straight trunk which grows to over 100 feet high. Monkey Puzzle trees (Araucaria araucana) are conifers which are usually dioecious, where male and female cones grow on separate trees, though some individuals bear cones of both sexes. Its edible seeds (about 200 in each female cone) are similar to large pine nuts. Araucaria araucana, the national tree of Chile, is native to central and southern Chile and western Argentina. As the hardiest species of its genus, this tree has become popular in gardens. Unfortunately, due to logging, burning, grazing, and habitat conversion to Pinus radiata plantations, Araucaria araucana is listed as an endangered species by CITES (Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora). In France, the Monkey Puzzle tree is known as désespoir des singes or "monkeys' despair." In the native Mapuche language, Nahuelbuta means "big tiger." What international tourist literature calls the "Chilean Lake District" usually refers to the foothills between Temuco and Puerto Montt including three Regions (XIV Los Ríos, IX La Araucanía, and X Los Lagos) in what Chile calls the Zona Sur (Southern Zone). In Chile, Patagonia includes the territory of Valdivia through Tierra del Fuego archipelago. Spanning both Argentina and Chile, the foot of South America is known as Patagonia, a name derived from coastal giants ("Patagão" or "Patagoni" who were actually Tehuelche native people who averaged 25 cm taller than the Spaniards) who were reported by Magellan's 1520s voyage circumnavigating the world.
    93CHI-06-18_Nahuelbuta-NP.jpg
  • The Dempsey family explores an enchanting Monkey Puzzle tree forest in Nahuelbuta National Park, Cordillera de Nahuelbuta, the coast range near Angol (north of Temuco), Chile, South America. Monkey Puzzle trees (Araucaria araucana) are conifers which are usually dioecious, where male and female cones grow on separate trees, though some individuals bear cones of both sexes. Its edible seeds (about 200 in each female cone) are similar to large pine nuts. Branches form an umbrella of sharp leaves on a straight trunk which grows to over 100 feet high. Araucaria araucana, the national tree of Chile, is native to central and southern Chile and western Argentina. As the hardiest species of its genus, this tree has become popular in gardens. Unfortunately, due to logging, burning, grazing, and habitat conversion to Pinus radiata plantations, Araucaria araucana is listed as an endangered species by CITES (Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora). In France, the Monkey Puzzle tree is known as désespoir des singes or "monkeys' despair." In the native Mapuche language, Nahuelbuta means "big tiger." What international tourist literature calls the "Chilean Lake District" usually refers to the foothills between Temuco and Puerto Montt including three Regions (XIV Los Ríos, IX La Araucanía, and X Los Lagos) in what Chile calls the Zona Sur (Southern Zone). For licensing options, please inquire.
    93CHI-X2-30_Nahuelbuta-vista.jpg
  • Hear the warble of exotic birds as you walk through an enchanting Monkey Puzzle tree forest in Nahuelbuta National Park, Cordillera de Nahuelbuta, a coast range near Angol (north of Temuco), Chile, South America. Mysterious mists water a garden of yellow lichen draped over the trees. Branches form an umbrella of sharp leaves on a straight trunk which grows to over 100 feet high. Monkey Puzzle trees (Araucaria araucana) are conifers which are usually dioecious, where male and female cones grow on separate trees, though some individuals bear cones of both sexes. Its edible seeds (about 200 in each female cone) are similar to large pine nuts. Araucaria araucana, the national tree of Chile, is native to central and southern Chile and western Argentina. As the hardiest species of its genus, this tree has become popular in gardens. Unfortunately, due to logging, burning, grazing, and habitat conversion to Pinus radiata plantations, Araucaria araucana is listed as an endangered species by CITES (Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora). In France, the Monkey Puzzle tree is known as désespoir des singes or "monkeys' despair." What international tourist literature calls the "Chilean Lake District" usually refers to the foothills between Temuco and Puerto Montt including three Regions (XIV Los Ríos, IX La Araucanía, and X Los Lagos) in what Chile calls the Zona Sur (Southern Zone). Published in: 1) The "Dinosaur Encyclopedia" 2007 by British publisher Dorling Kindersley; and 2) United States Fish and Wildlife Service, International Affairs web site concerning CITES.
    93CHI-06-25_Nahuelbuta-NP_Monkey-Puz...jpg
  • The Octopus Tree is a large Sitka Spruce (Picea sitchensis) branched like a candelabra, at Cape Meares State Scenic Viewpoint, Oceanside, Oregon coast, USA. Its base circumference is more than 46 feet. Native Americans, who have lived here for 3000 years, call this the Council Tree. Indian legend says this tree was used for supporting a canoe which held their dead, an ancient custom. Another theory is that coastal winds warped the tree.
    2102OR2-344.jpg
  • Hear the warble of exotic birds as you walk through an enchanting Monkey Puzzle tree forest in Nahuelbuta National Park, Cordillera de Nahuelbuta, the coast range near Angol (north of Temuco), Chile, South America. Mysterious mists water a garden of yellow lichen draped over the trees. Branches form an umbrella of sharp leaves on a straight trunk which grows to over 100 feet high. Monkey Puzzle trees (Araucaria araucana) are conifers which are usually dioecious, where male and female cones grow on separate trees, though some individuals bear cones of both sexes. Its edible seeds (about 200 in each female cone) are similar to large pine nuts. Araucaria araucana, the national tree of Chile, is native to central and southern Chile and western Argentina. As the hardiest species of its genus, this tree has become popular in gardens. Unfortunately, due to logging, burning, grazing, and habitat conversion to Pinus radiata plantations, Araucaria araucana is listed as an endangered species by CITES (Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora). In France, the Monkey Puzzle tree is known as désespoir des singes or "monkeys' despair." In the native Mapuche language, Nahuelbuta means "big tiger." What tourist literature calls the "Chilean Lake District" is termed Zona Sur (Southern Zone) in Chile (located between Zona Central and Zona Austral). Zona Sur stretches from below the Río Bío-Bío river to just below Isla de Chiloé.
    93CHI-07-09_Nahuelbuta-NP.jpg
  • Hala tree / Pandanus tectorius,  on muddy, slippery Kalalau Trail. Na Pali Coast, Kauai, Hawaii, USA. Hawaii's native Hala tree is also known as Tahitian Screwpine, Pu Hala, Screw Pine, Textile Screwpine, Thatch Screwpine, Pandanus, Pandan, Tourist Pineapple or Pineapple Tree (Pandanus tectorius, or synonyms: P. chamissonis, P. douglasii, P. menziesii, P. odoratissimus; in the Screw-pine family, Pandanaceae). Some people mistake hala fruit heads for pineapples, which are unrelated plants. Cultivated varieties of Hala differing from the native version were brought to Hawaii by the ancient Polynesians in their canoes. Hala was useful for medicinal purposes, and the fruit was eaten and used to make leis. Its roots could make cordage. Hala leaves served as thatch and could be stripped of spiny edges to be woven or plaited into mats, pillows, sails, baskets, hats, sandals, and fans. A beautiful day hike along the challenging Kalalau Trail goes from Ke'e Beach to Hanakapiai Beach, with a rougher side trip to impressive Hanakapiai Falls, in Na Pali Coast State Wilderness Park on the island of Kauai, Hawaii, USA. To reach Hanakapiai Valley's waterfall, follow the signed clay trails for a moderately strenuous 8.8 miles round trip with 2200 feet cumulative gain (measured on my GPS)
    1701HAW-0906.jpg
  • Snowy peaks in the San Bernardino Mountains seen above Joshua trees along the Echo T Trail to Barker Dam Loop in Joshua Tree National Park, near Twentynine Palms, California, USA. The park straddles the cactus-dotted Colorado Desert and the Mojave Desert, which is higher and cooler.
    2103SW-A0400.jpg
  • A juniper tree loaded with "berries" (female seed cones) in Joshua Tree National Park, near Twentynine Palms, California, USA. A "juniper berry" is the female seed cone, which has unusually fleshy and merged scales.
    2103SW-A0378.jpg
  • Hawaii's native Hala tree is also known as Tahitian Screwpine, Pu Hala, Screw Pine, Textile Screwpine, Thatch Screwpine, Pandanus, Pandan, Tourist Pineapple or Pineapple Tree (Pandanus tectorius, or synonyms: P. chamissonis, P. douglasii, P. menziesii, P. odoratissimus; in the Screw-pine family, Pandanaceae). Some people mistake hala fruit heads for pineapples, which are unrelated plants. Cultivated varieties of Hala differing from the native version were brought to Hawaii by the ancient Polynesians in their canoes. Hala was useful for medicinal purposes, and the fruit was eaten and used to make leis. Its roots could make cordage. Hala leaves served as thatch and could be stripped of spiny edges to be woven or plaited into mats, pillows, sails, baskets, hats, sandals, and fans. A beautiful day hike along the slippery Kalalau Trail goes from Ke'e Beach to Hanakapiai Beach, with a rougher side trip to impressive Hanakapiai Falls, in Na Pali Coast State Wilderness Park on the island of Kauai, Hawaii, USA. To reach Hanakapiai Valley's waterfall, follow the signed clay trails for a moderately strenuous 8.8 miles round trip with 2200 feet cumulative gain (measured on my GPS)
    1701HAW-1067.jpg
  • Hawaii's native Hala tree is also known as Tahitian Screwpine, Pu Hala, Screw Pine, Textile Screwpine, Thatch Screwpine, Pandanus, Pandan, Tourist Pineapple or Pineapple Tree (Pandanus tectorius, or synonyms: P. chamissonis, P. douglasii, P. menziesii, P. odoratissimus; in the Screw-pine family, Pandanaceae). Some people mistake hala fruit heads for pineapples, which are unrelated plants. Cultivated varieties of Hala differing from the native version were brought to Hawaii by the ancient Polynesians in their canoes. Hala was useful for medicinal purposes, and the fruit was eaten and used to make leis. Its roots could make cordage. Hala leaves served as thatch and could be stripped of spiny edges to be woven or plaited into mats, pillows, sails, baskets, hats, sandals, and fans. A beautiful day hike along the slippery Kalalau Trail goes from Ke'e Beach to Hanakapiai Beach, with a rougher side trip to impressive Hanakapiai Falls, in Na Pali Coast State Wilderness Park on the island of Kauai, Hawaii, USA. To reach Hanakapiai Valley's waterfall, follow the signed clay trails for a moderately strenuous 8.8 miles round trip with 2200 feet cumulative gain (measured on my GPS)
    1701HAW-0935.jpg
  • Hawaii's native Hala tree is also known as Tahitian Screwpine, Pu Hala, Screw Pine, Textile Screwpine, Thatch Screwpine, Pandanus, Pandan, Tourist Pineapple or Pineapple Tree (Pandanus tectorius, or synonyms: P. chamissonis, P. douglasii, P. menziesii, P. odoratissimus; in the Screw-pine family, Pandanaceae). Some people mistake hala fruit heads for pineapples, which are unrelated plants. Cultivated varieties of Hala differing from the native version were brought to Hawaii by the ancient Polynesians in their canoes. Hala was useful for medicinal purposes, and the fruit was eaten and used to make leis. Its roots could make cordage. Hala leaves served as thatch and could be stripped of spiny edges to be woven or plaited into mats, pillows, sails, baskets, hats, sandals, and fans. A beautiful day hike along the slippery Kalalau Trail goes from Ke'e Beach to Hanakapiai Beach, with a rougher side trip to impressive Hanakapiai Falls, in Na Pali Coast State Wilderness Park on the island of Kauai, Hawaii, USA. To reach Hanakapiai Valley's waterfall, follow the signed clay trails for a moderately strenuous 8.8 miles round trip with 2200 feet cumulative gain (measured on my GPS)
    1701HAW-0899.jpg
  • Hawaii's native Hala tree is also known as Tahitian Screwpine, Pu Hala, Screw Pine, Textile Screwpine, Thatch Screwpine, Pandanus, Pandan, Tourist Pineapple or Pineapple Tree (Pandanus tectorius, or synonyms: P. chamissonis, P. douglasii, P. menziesii, P. odoratissimus; in the Screw-pine family, Pandanaceae). Some people mistake hala fruit heads for pineapples, which are unrelated plants. Cultivated varieties of Hala differing from the native version were brought to Hawaii by the ancient Polynesians in their canoes. Hala was useful for medicinal purposes, and the fruit was eaten and used to make leis. Its roots could make cordage. Hala leaves served as thatch and could be stripped of spiny edges to be woven or plaited into mats, pillows, sails, baskets, hats, sandals, and fans. A beautiful day hike along the slippery Kalalau Trail goes from Ke'e Beach to Hanakapiai Beach, with a rougher side trip to impressive Hanakapiai Falls, in Na Pali Coast State Wilderness Park on the island of Kauai, Hawaii, USA. To reach Hanakapiai Valley's waterfall, follow the signed clay trails for a moderately strenuous 8.8 miles round trip with 2200 feet cumulative gain (measured on my GPS)
    1701HAW-0884.jpg
  • Ancient trees have grown twisted into fascinating shapes in the harsh dry alpine climate at Schulman Grove, in the Ancient Bristlecone Pine Forest, Inyo National Forest, in the White Mountains, near Big Pine, California, USA. The world's oldest known living non-clonal organism was found here in 2013 -- a Great Basin bristlecone pine (Pinus longaeva) 5064 years old, germinated in 3051 BC. It beat the previous record set by the famous nearby 4847-year-old Methuselah Tree sampled around 1957. Starting from the visitor center at 9846 feet, we hiked the Cabin Trail loop, returning along Methuselah Grove Trail (highly recommended, to visit the world's oldest living trees), with views eastward over Nevada's basin-and-range region. An important dendrochronology, based on these trees and dead bristlecone pine samples, extends back to about 9000 BC (with a single gap of about 500 years).
    1507CAL-1534.jpg
  • Ancient trees and their roots have grown twisted into fascinating shapes in the harsh dry alpine climate at Schulman Grove, in the Ancient Bristlecone Pine Forest, Inyo National Forest, in the White Mountains, near Big Pine, California, USA. The world's oldest known living non-clonal organism was found here in 2013 -- a Great Basin bristlecone pine (Pinus longaeva) 5064 years old, germinated in 3051 BC. It beat the previous record set by the famous nearby 4847-year-old Methuselah Tree sampled around 1957. Starting from the visitor center at 9846 feet, we hiked the Cabin Trail loop, returning along Methuselah Grove Trail (highly recommended, to visit the world's oldest living trees), with views eastward over Nevada's basin-and-range region. An important dendrochronology, based on these trees and dead bristlecone pine samples, extends back to about 9000 BC (with a single gap of about 500 years).
    1507CAL-1544.jpg
  • Hawaii's native Hala tree is also known as Tahitian Screwpine, Pu Hala, Screw Pine, Textile Screwpine, Thatch Screwpine, Pandanus, Pandan, Tourist Pineapple or Pineapple Tree (Pandanus tectorius, or synonyms: P. chamissonis, P. douglasii, P. menziesii, P. odoratissimus; in the Screw-pine family, Pandanaceae). Some people mistake hala fruit heads for pineapples, which are unrelated plants. Cultivated varieties of Hala differing from the native version were brought to Hawaii by the ancient Polynesians in their canoes. Hala was useful for medicinal purposes, and the fruit was eaten and used to make leis. Its roots could make cordage. Hala leaves served as thatch and could be stripped of spiny edges to be woven or plaited into mats, pillows, sails, baskets, hats, sandals, and fans. A beautiful day hike along the slippery Kalalau Trail goes from Ke'e Beach to Hanakapiai Beach, with a rougher side trip to impressive Hanakapiai Falls, in Na Pali Coast State Wilderness Park on the island of Kauai, Hawaii, USA. To reach Hanakapiai Valley's waterfall, follow the signed clay trails for a moderately strenuous 8.8 miles round trip with 2200 feet cumulative gain (measured on my GPS)
    1701HAW-0902.jpg
  • Ancient trees have grown twisted into fascinating shapes in the harsh dry alpine climate at Schulman Grove, in the Ancient Bristlecone Pine Forest, Inyo National Forest, in the White Mountains, near Big Pine, California, USA. The world's oldest known living non-clonal organism was found here in 2013 -- a Great Basin bristlecone pine (Pinus longaeva) 5064 years old, germinated in 3051 BC. It beat the previous record set by the famous nearby 4847-year-old Methuselah Tree sampled around 1957. Starting from the visitor center at 9846 feet, we hiked the Cabin Trail loop, returning along Methuselah Grove Trail (highly recommended, to visit the world's oldest living trees), with views eastward over Nevada's basin-and-range region. An important dendrochronology, based on these trees and dead bristlecone pine samples, extends back to about 9000 BC (with a single gap of about 500 years).
    1507CAL-1532.jpg
  • Ancient trees have grown twisted into fascinating shapes in the harsh dry alpine climate at Schulman Grove, in the Ancient Bristlecone Pine Forest, Inyo National Forest, in the White Mountains, near Big Pine, California, USA. The world's oldest known living non-clonal organism was found here in 2013 -- a Great Basin bristlecone pine (Pinus longaeva) 5064 years old, germinated in 3051 BC. It beat the previous record set by the famous nearby 4847-year-old Methuselah Tree sampled around 1957. Starting from the visitor center at 9846 feet, we hiked the Cabin Trail loop, returning along Methuselah Grove Trail (highly recommended, to visit the world's oldest living trees), with views eastward over Nevada's basin-and-range region. An important dendrochronology, based on these trees and dead bristlecone pine samples, extends back to about 9000 BC (with a single gap of about 500 years).
    1507CAL-1528.jpg
  • A venerable tree casts its shadow onto bright green grass by a park bench. Admire diverse plants and trees throughout the year in Washington Park Arboretum, Seattle, Washington, USA. Washington Park Arboretum is a joint project of the University of Washington, the Seattle Department of Parks and Recreation, and the nonprofit Arboretum Foundation.
    1210ARB-016_park-green-grass.jpg
  • A palm tree silhouette against blue sky with wispy currus clouds. Kaipalaoa Landing County Park, Hilo Bay, on the Big Island, Hawaii, USA.
    1701HAW-2973.jpg
  • A large banyan tree lays down many roots in Hilo's Wailoa River State Recreation Area, behind the Hawaii State Human Services Department building on the Big Island. Address: 75 Aupuni St, Hilo, HI 96720, USA. This image was stitched from multiple overlapping images.
    1701HAW-2931-33-Pano.jpg
  • A tangled canopy of tree limbs reaches over a shed in Allerton Garden, on the south shore of Kauai, Hawaii, USA. Address: 4425 Lawai Rd, Koloa, HI 96756. Nestled in a valley transected by the Lawai Stream ending in Lawai Bay, Allerton Garden is one of five gardens of the non-profit National Tropical Botanical Garden (ntbg.org).
    1701HAW-2064.jpg
  • Fallen tree & roots. Goat Lake trail is in Henry M. Jackson Wilderness (Trail #647), east of Barlow Pass, in Mount Baker-Snoqualmie National Forest, in the Central Cascades, accessed from the Mountain Loop Highway, Washington, USA.
    1606GOA-016.jpg
  • Sunset rays highlight a lone tree in the Blue Ridge Mountains along Skyline Drive, a National Scenic Byway which runs 105 miles (169 km) along the ridge of long and narrow Shenandoah National Park, in Virginia, USA. To the west is the broad Shenandoah Valley. The south end of Skyline Drive connects with the Blue Ridge Parkway, a 469-mile (755 km) long scenic highway that ends in North Carolina at the east entrance of Great Smoky Mountains National Park (which spans into Tennessee). The Blue Ridge Mountains are a physiographic province of the larger Appalachians (see map). Trees release a haze of hydrocarbon gases which selectively backscatter blue light, the name source for the Blue Ridge Mountains. Shenandoah NP was authorized in 1926 and fully established on December 26, 1935. Almost 40% of its land has been designated as Wilderness, protected as part of the National Wilderness Preservation System. Panorama stitched from 3 overlapping photos.
    08VA-1140-42pan_Shenandoah-NP.jpg
  • Larch tree needles turn yellow in the first half of October on Blue Lake Trail #314, Okanagon National Forest, North Cascades Highway 20, Washington, USA. Liberty Bell Mountain (left, 7790 feet), Early Winters Spires (right, 7807 feet). Published in "Light Travel: Photography on the Go" book by Tom Dempsey 2009, 2010. Panorama stitched from 8 overlapping images.
    0910BLU-194-201pan_Blue-Lake.jpg
  • 49 Palms Oasis, palm panorama in Joshua Tree National Park, near the City of Twentynine Palms, California, USA. The California fan palm (Washingtonia filifera, in the palm family Arecaceae) is native to the far southwestern United States and Baja California. Today's oasis environment was protected from a drying climate, restricting this cold-tolerant palm to widely separated relict groves. Multiple overlapping photos were stitched to make this panorama.
    2103SW-A0535-564-Pano.jpg
  • 49 Palms Oasis, vertical panorama, in Joshua Tree National Park, near the City of Twentynine Palms, California, USA. The California fan palm (Washingtonia filifera, in the palm family Arecaceae) is native to the far southwestern United States and Baja California. Today's oasis environment was protected from a drying climate, restricting this cold-tolerant palm to widely separated relict groves. Multiple overlapping photos were stitched to make this panorama.
    2103SW-A0437-445-Pano.jpg
  • 49 Palms Oasis Trail. Joshua Tree National Park, near the City of Twentynine Palms, California, USA. The park straddles the cactus-dotted Colorado Desert and the Mojave Desert, which is higher and cooler. The California fan palm (Washingtonia filifera, in the palm family Arecaceae) is native to the far southwestern United States and Baja California. Today's oasis environment was protected from a drying climate, restricting this cold-tolerant palm to widely separated relict groves.
    2103SW-A0493.jpg
  • 49 Palms Oasis Trail. Joshua Tree National Park, near the City of Twentynine Palms, California, USA. The park straddles the cactus-dotted Colorado Desert and the Mojave Desert, which is higher and cooler. The California fan palm (Washingtonia filifera, in the palm family Arecaceae) is native to the far southwestern United States and Baja California. Today's oasis environment was protected from a drying climate, restricting this cold-tolerant palm to widely separated relict groves.
    2103SW-A0492.jpg
  • Bark beetle tracks in a Nothofagus tree. From El Chalten, we hiked to Mirador "Loma del Pliegue Tumbado" ("hill of the collapsed fold"), 19 km (11.9 mi) with 1170 meters (3860 ft) cumulative gain in Los Glaciares National Park. This trail gave good views of Cerro Fitz Roy (3405 m or 11,171 ft elevation) high above Torre Lake, but clouds hid Cerro Torre that day. El Chalten mountain resort is 220 km north of El Calafate. Chaltén comes from a Tehuelche word meaning "smoking mountain", due to clouds that usually form over Monte Fitz Roy. El Chalten mountain resort is in Santa Cruz Province, Argentina, Patagonia, South America. Los Glaciares National Park and Reserve are honored on UNESCO's World Heritage List.
    2002PAT-2858.jpg
  • Falling tree limb warning sign. Los Alerces National Park, in Chubut Province, Patagonian region, Argentina, South America. (Spanish: Parque Nacional Los Alerces)
    2002PAT-0320.jpg
  • River erosion felled a tree. Pasarela Rio Arrayanes, Lago Verde, Los Alerces National Park (honored on UNESCO's World Heritage List), in Chubut Province, Patagonian region, Argentina, South America. (Spanish: Parque Nacional Los Alerces.)
    2002PAT-0277.jpg
  • Tree ferns along the Hollyford Track, in Fiordland National Park, Southland region, South Island of New Zealand. We enjoyed an easy 3-day version of the Hollyford Track: Day 1: fly from Milford Sound to Martins Bay, walk to its oceanfront Hut, and see New Zealand fur seals. Day 2: jetboat on Lake McKerrow to Pyke River Confluence, hike to Hidden Falls Hut for overnight lodging. Day 3: tramp out to Hollyford Road end to our prearranged car shuttle. In 1990, UNESCO honored Te Wahipounamu - South West New Zealand as a World Heritage Area.
    1901NZ2-0206.jpg
  • Tree ferns along the Hollyford Track, in Fiordland National Park, Southland region, South Island of New Zealand. We enjoyed an easy 3-day version of the Hollyford Track: Day 1: fly from Milford Sound to Martins Bay, walk to its oceanfront Hut, and see New Zealand fur seals. Day 2: jetboat on Lake McKerrow to Pyke River Confluence, hike to Hidden Falls Hut for overnight lodging. Day 3: tramp out to Hollyford Road end to our prearranged car shuttle. In 1990, UNESCO honored Te Wahipounamu - South West New Zealand as a World Heritage Area.
    1901NZ1-2649.jpg
  • Tree ferns along the Hollyford Track, in Fiordland National Park, Southland region, South Island of New Zealand. We enjoyed an easy 3-day version of the Hollyford Track: Day 1: fly from Milford Sound to Martins Bay, walk to its oceanfront Hut, and see New Zealand fur seals. Day 2: jetboat on Lake McKerrow to Pyke River Confluence, hike to Hidden Falls Hut for overnight lodging. Day 3: tramp out to Hollyford Road end to our prearranged car shuttle. In 1990, UNESCO honored Te Wahipounamu - South West New Zealand as a World Heritage Area. To license this Copyright photo, please inquire at PhotoSeek.com .
    1901NZ1-2550.jpg
  • Brackets of fungi cover a tree trunk. Lake Chuzenji (Chuzenjiko) is a scenic lake in the mountains above the town of Nikko, in Tochigi Prefecture, Japan. It's at the foot of Mount Nantai, Nikko's sacred volcano, whose eruption blocked the valley below, thereby creating Lake Chuzenji 20,000 years ago. Chuzenjiko's shores are mostly undeveloped and forested except at the eastern end where the growing hot spring town of Chuzenjiko Onsen was built. Chuzenjiko is especially beautiful in mid to late October, when the autumn colors reach their peak along the lake's shores and surrounding mountains. See panoramic views of Lake Chuzenji along the Chuzenjiko Skyline, an eight kilometer long former toll road accessible by bus or car, which also connects to scenic hiking trails.
    1810JPN-4196.jpg
  • Brackets of fungi cover a tree trunk. Lake Chuzenji (Chuzenjiko) is a scenic lake in the mountains above the town of Nikko, in Tochigi Prefecture, Japan. It's at the foot of Mount Nantai, Nikko's sacred volcano, whose eruption blocked the valley below, thereby creating Lake Chuzenji 20,000 years ago. Chuzenjiko's shores are mostly undeveloped and forested except at the eastern end where the growing hot spring town of Chuzenjiko Onsen was built. Chuzenjiko is especially beautiful in mid to late October, when the autumn colors reach their peak along the lake's shores and surrounding mountains. See panoramic views of Lake Chuzenji along the Chuzenjiko Skyline, an eight kilometer long former toll road accessible by bus or car, which also connects to scenic hiking trails.
    1810JPN-4195.jpg
  • A pine tree on Yavapai Point, on the South Rim of Grand Canyon National Park, Arizona, USA. Starting at least 5 to 17 million years ago, erosion by the Colorado River has exposed a column of distinctive rock layers, which date back nearly two billion years at the base of Grand Canyon. While the Colorado Plateau was uplifted by tectonic forces, the Colorado River and tributaries carved Grand Canyon over a mile deep (6000 feet), 277 miles  long and up to 18 miles wide.
    1804SW-1644.jpg
  • In mid October, bright yellow cottonwood tree leaves frame Devils Tower in Belle Fourche River Campground, in Devils Tower National Monument, Wyoming, USA. Devils Tower is a butte of intrusive igneous rock exposed by erosion in the Bear Lodge Mountains, part of the Black Hills, near Hulett and Sundance in Crook County. Devils Tower (aka Bear Lodge Butte) rises dramatically 1267 feet above the Belle Fourche River, standing 867 feet from base to summit, at 5112 feet above sea level. Devils Tower was the first United States National Monument, established on September 24, 1906 by President Theodore Roosevelt.
    1709US1-3527_Devils-Tower-WY.jpg
  • In mid October, bright yellow cottonwood tree leaves frame Devils Tower in Belle Fourche River Campground, in Devils Tower National Monument, Wyoming, USA. Devils Tower is a butte of intrusive igneous rock exposed by erosion in the Bear Lodge Mountains, part of the Black Hills, near Hulett and Sundance in Crook County. Devils Tower (aka Bear Lodge Butte) rises dramatically 1267 feet above the Belle Fourche River, standing 867 feet from base to summit, at 5112 feet above sea level. Devils Tower was the first United States National Monument, established on September 24, 1906 by President Theodore Roosevelt.
    1709US1-3471_Devils-Tower-WY.jpg
  • In mid October, bright yellow cottonwood tree leaves frame Devils Tower in Belle Fourche River Campground, in Devils Tower National Monument, Wyoming, USA. Devils Tower is a butte of intrusive igneous rock exposed by erosion in the Bear Lodge Mountains, part of the Black Hills, near Hulett and Sundance in Crook County. Devils Tower (aka Bear Lodge Butte) rises dramatically 1267 feet above the Belle Fourche River, standing 867 feet from base to summit, at 5112 feet above sea level. Devils Tower was the first United States National Monument, established on September 24, 1906 by President Theodore Roosevelt.
    1709US1-3438.jpg
  • In mid October, bright yellow cottonwood tree leaves frame Devils Tower in Belle Fourche River Campground, in Devils Tower National Monument, Wyoming, USA. Devils Tower is a butte of intrusive igneous rock exposed by erosion in the Bear Lodge Mountains, part of the Black Hills, near Hulett and Sundance in Crook County. Devils Tower (aka Bear Lodge Butte) rises dramatically 1267 feet above the Belle Fourche River, standing 867 feet from base to summit, at 5112 feet above sea level. Devils Tower was the first United States National Monument, established on September 24, 1906 by President Theodore Roosevelt.
    171013_171941_Devils-Tower-WY.jpg
  • Gnarly pine tree at Lake Haiyaha. Hike a classic loop from Bear Lake Trailhead with spur trails to many beautiful lakes, waterfalls and peaks in Rocky Mountain National Park, Colorado, USA. Walk a scenic circuit of well-graded paths 6-13 miles with 1500-2600 feet gain. We enjoyed looping counterclockwise from Bear Lake Trailhead 13 miles via Bear Lake, Nymph Lake, Dream Lake, Emerald Lake, Lake Haiyaha, The Loch, Timberline Falls, Lake of Glass, Sky Pond, Alberta Falls then back. Arrive early for parking or take the shuttle.
    1709US1-1226.jpg
  • A large banyan tree lays down many roots in Hilo's Wailoa River State Recreation Area, behind the Hawaii State Human Services Department building on the Big Island. Address: 75 Aupuni St, Hilo, HI 96720, USA.
    1701HAW-2944.jpg
  • A silhouetted bare tree embraces the crescent moon on Sunset Hill on Mauna Kea, on the Big Island, Hawaii, USA. For colorful sunset views of the Saddle Road region, walk 1 mile round trip (160 ft gain) to the cinder cone of Pu'u Kalepeamoa, or Sunset Hill, from the Onizuka Center for International Astronomy Mauna Kea Visitor Information Station at 9200 ft elevation. About a million years old and last erupted 6000 to 4000 years ago, Mauna Kea is a dormant volcano on the Big Island of Hawaii, USA. Mauna Kea stands 13,800 feet above sea level and is the highest point in the state of Hawaii. Measured from its base on the ocean floor, it rises over 33,000 ft, significantly greater than the elevation of Mount Everest above sea level. Paving ends at the Visitor Info Station, and four-wheel drive is recommended to reach the top, where Mauna Kea summit's dry, clear, stable air makes one of the world's best sites for astronomy. Since the road created access in 1964, 13 telescopes funded by 11 countries have been built at the summit. In a tour de force of early science, expert seafaring and astronomy skills allowed far-flung Polynesians to discover and settle Hawaii around 300-600 AD. Ironically, from 2013-2016, plans for a wondrous Thirty Meter Telescope (TMT) atop Mauna Kea attracted protests by Native Hawaiian groups who cited cultural/religious/political grievances, and the project was sadly postponed. The TMT could potentially look across space and time to the first stars that ever shone in the universe, over 13 billion years ago (and would energize the local economy).
    1701HAW-2676.jpg
  • A broad leaf tropical plant climbs a tree at Akaka Falls State Park, Big Island, Hawaii, USA.
    1701HAW-2391.jpg
  • Aerial tree roots in dense tropical forest at Akaka Falls State Park, Big Island, Hawaii, USA.
    1701HAW-2384-p1.jpg
  • Lodging in Princeville, on the island of Kauai, Hawaii, USA. Orange flowers of the African Tulip Tree (Spathodea campanulata).
    1701HAW-0868.jpg
  • Forest trail under Hawaiian Tree Fern / Hapu'u / Manfern / Cibotium genus. Hawaii Volcanoes National Park is on the Big Island, Hawaii, USA. Established in 1916 and later expanded, the park (HVNP) encompasses two active volcanoes: Kilauea, one of the world's most active volcanoes, and Mauna Loa, the world's most massive shield volcano. The park portrays the birth of the Hawaiian Islands with dramatic volcanic landscapes, native flora and fauna, and glowing flowing lava. Most recently erupted in 1984, Mauna Loa may have emerged above sea level about 400,000 years ago and has likely been erupting for at least 700,000 years. Measured from its base on the ocean floor, it rises over 33,000 ft, significantly greater than the elevation of Mount Everest above sea level. HVNP is honored as a UNESCO World Heritage Site and International Biosphere Reserve.
    1701HAW-2242.jpg
  • The entry road to Allerton Garden curves under a leaning palm tree along Lawai Stream, on the south shore of Kauai, Hawaii, USA. Address: 4425 Lawai Rd, Koloa, HI 96756. Nestled in a valley transected by the Lawai Stream ending in Lawai Bay, Allerton Garden is one of five gardens of the non-profit National Tropical Botanical Garden (ntbg.org).
    1701HAW-2009.jpg
  • A nonnative Monstera deliciosa vine (from Mexico & Central America) climbs a tropical tree on Manoa Falls Trail, Honolulu Watershed Forest Reserve, island of Oahu, Hawaii, USA. Walk 1.6 miles round trip with 800 feet gain to see Manoa Falls, a waterfall of Waihi stream in Manoa Valley. The 100-foot high Manoa Falls nestles in a lush tropical rainforest in Oahu's Koolau mountains.
    1701HAW-0236.jpg
  • Tropical tree canopy on Manoa Falls Trail, Honolulu Watershed Forest Reserve, island of Oahu, Hawaii, USA. Walk 1.6 miles round trip with 800 feet gain to see Manoa Falls, a waterfall of Waihi stream in Manoa Valley. The 100-foot high Manoa Falls nestles in a lush tropical rainforest in Oahu's Koolau mountains.
    1701HAW-0235.jpg
  • Tall tropical tree canopy. Waimea Valley is a historical nature park with botanical gardens, at 59-864 Kamehameha Highway, Haleiwa, on the North Shore of island of Oahu, Hawaii, USA. Formerly known as "Waimea Valley Audubon Center," since 2008 the garden has been managed by Hi'ipaka LLC, a non-profit company created by the Office of Hawaiian Affairs. Hawaii is the northernmost island group in Polynesia.
    1701HAW-0382.jpg
  • Twisty branches radiate from a tree trunk above a beach on the Samish Sea. Bluff Trail, Ebey's Landing National Historical Reserve, Whidbey Island, Washington, USA.
    1604WHI-613.jpg
  • Pattern in tree bark of Pacific Madrone or Madrona (Arbutus menziesii). Anacortes, Fidalgo Island, Washington, USA.
    1604WHI-583.jpg
  • Evergreen & deciduous tree canopy. Deception Pass State Park, Whidbey Island, Washington, USA
    1604WHI-395.jpg
  • Evergreen & deciduous tree canopy. Deception Pass State Park, Whidbey Island, Washington, USA
    1604WHI-396.jpg
  • An evergreen tree soars vertically on the lush Forest Discovery Trail in South Whidbey State Park, on Whidbey Island, Washington, USA.
    1505WHI-264_South-Whidbey-SP.jpg
  • Stunted pine tree. Off Highway 88 near Carson Pass, hike a varied loop through lush wildflower fields from Woods Lake Campground to Winnnemucca Lake then Round Top Lake, in Mokelumne Wilderness, Eldorado National Forest, Sierra Nevada, California, USA. The excellent loop trail is 5.3 miles with 1250 feet gain (or 6.4 miles with 2170 feet gain if adding the scramble up Round Top).
    1507CAL-1073.jpg
  • Bent pine tree. Off Highway 88 near Carson Pass, hike a varied loop through lush wildflower fields from Woods Lake Campground to Winnnemucca Lake then Round Top Lake, in Mokelumne Wilderness, Eldorado National Forest, Sierra Nevada, California, USA. The excellent loop trail is 5.3 miles with 1250 feet gain (or 6.4 miles with 2170 feet gain if adding the scramble up Round Top).
    1507CAL-1072.jpg
  • Tree bark pattern. Off Highway 88 near Carson Pass, hike a varied loop through lush wildflower fields from Woods Lake Campground to Winnnemucca Lake then Round Top Lake, in Mokelumne Wilderness, Eldorado National Forest, Sierra Nevada, California, USA. The excellent loop trail is 5.3 miles with 1250 feet gain (or 6.4 miles with 2170 feet gain if adding the scramble up Round Top).
    1507CAL-1063.jpg
  • A large oak tree rises in Big Chico Creek Canyon, Upper Bidwell Park, Chico, Butte County, California, USA. Land donation by Annie Bidwell (widow of Chico's founder, John Bidwell) began the park in 1905. Today Bidwell Park is the third largest municipal park in California, stretching nearly 11 miles (18 km) along Big Chico Creek; Upper Park is in the foothills of the southernmost Cascades. Rock formations include the unique Chico Formation sandstone and Lovejoy Basalt rocks.
    1311CA-101_Bidwell-Park.jpg
  • Oak tree fall colors, Letchworth State Park, Portageville, New York, USA. The large park stretches 17 miles between Portageville and Mount Morris in the state of New York, USA. Drive or hike to many scenic viewpoints along the west side of the gorge. Letchworth's huge campground has 270 generously-spaced electric sites.
    1410NY-805_Letchworth-gorge.jpg
  • A cluster of white fungi forms brackets on a tree. See views of the Presidential Range from the Ledge Trail in Randolph Community Forest in the Crescent Range, starting along US Highway 2, in New Hampshire, USA. The White Mountains (a range in the northern Appalachian Mountains) cover a quarter of the state of New Hampshire. Leaf peepers love the peak of autumn foliage around the first week of October.
    1410NH-171_White-Mountains.jpg
  • A fractured tree hangs suspended in the air along Wapaloosie Mountain Trail, in Colville National Forest, Kettle Range, Washington, USA
    1406WA-025.jpg
  • Burnt tree. Table Mountain Trail #1209, Blewett Pass, Wenatchee National Forest, Washington, USA
    1405WA-566.jpg
  • Moss covers tree branches reaching for the sky in Wallace Falls State Park, Gold Bar, Washington, USA.
    1405WA-016.jpg
  • A tree grows through a loop of old rusted iron, in Wallace Falls State Park, Gold Bar, Washington, USA.
    1405WA-014.jpg
  • Tree bark pattern. Wenaha River Trail, Blue Mountains, Umatilla National Forest, Oregon, USA.
    1405OR-043.jpg
  • Evening tree silhouette, Vancouver downtown glass building, British Columbia, Canada.
    1402VAN-207.jpg
  • Twisted tree silhouette and red rock shadows, in Arches National Park, near Moab, Utah, USA. A thick underground salt bed underlies the creation of the park's many arches, spires, balanced rocks, sandstone fins, and eroded monoliths. Some 300 million years ago, a sea flowed into the area and eventually evaporated to create the salt bed up to thousands of feet thick. Over millions of years, the salt bed was covered with debris eroded from the Uncompahgre Uplift to the northeast. During the Early Jurassic (about 210 million years ago) desert conditions deposited the vast Navajo Sandstone. On top of that, about 140 million years ago, the Entrada Sandstone was deposited from stream and windblown sediments. Later, over 5000 feet (1500 m) of younger sediments were deposited and then mostly worn away, leaving the park's arches eroded mostly within the Entrada formation.
    1403UT-102_Arches-NP_Utah.jpg
  • Exposed tree roots. See fantastic hoodoos and a great slot canyon in Kasha-Katuwe Tent Rocks National Monument, in New Mexico, USA. Hike the easy Cave Loop Trail plus Slot Canyon Trail side trip (3 miles round trip), 40 miles southwest of Santa Fe, on the Pajarito Plateau. Distinctive cone-shaped caprocks protect soft pumice and tuff beneath. Geologically, the Tent Rocks are made of Peralta Tuff, formed from volcanic ash, pumice, and pyroclastic debris deposited over 1000 feet thick from the Jemez Volcanic Field, 7 million years ago. Kasha-Katuwe means "white cliffs" in the Pueblo language Keresan.
    1403NM-1074_Kasha-Katuwe_Tent-Rocks-...jpg
  • Maple tree leaves glow in autumn at UW Arboretum. Washington Park Arboretum is a joint project of the University of Washington, the Seattle Department of Parks and Recreation, and the nonprofit Arboretum Foundation, in the State of Washington, USA. Photographed October 22.  The panorama was stitched from 10 overlapping photos.
    1310ARB-134-145pan_fall-leaf-colors.jpg
  • Maple tree leaves glow in autumn at UW Arboretum. Washington Park Arboretum is a joint project of the University of Washington, the Seattle Department of Parks and Recreation, and the nonprofit Arboretum Foundation, in the State of Washington, USA. Photographed October 22.
    1310ARB-159-p1_fall-leaf-colors.jpg
  • Maple tree leaves glow in autumn at UW Arboretum. Washington Park Arboretum is a joint project of the University of Washington, the Seattle Department of Parks and Recreation, and the nonprofit Arboretum Foundation, in the State of Washington, USA. Photographed October 22.  The panorama was stitched from 3 overlapping photos.
    1310ARB-035-37pan_fall-leaf-colors.jpg
  • Japanese maple tree leaves glow in autumn at UW Arboretum. Washington Park Arboretum is a joint project of the University of Washington, the Seattle Department of Parks and Recreation, and the nonprofit Arboretum Foundation, in the State of Washington, USA. Photographed October 22.
    1310ARB-017_fall-leaf-colors.jpg
  • Japanese maple tree leaves glow red in autumn over path steps at UW Arboretum. Washington Park Arboretum is a joint project of the University of Washington, the Seattle Department of Parks and Recreation, and the nonprofit Arboretum Foundation, in the State of Washington, USA. Photographed October 22.  The panorama was stitched from 2 overlapping photos.
    1310ARB-014-15pan_fall-leaf-colors.jpg
  • Japanese maple tree leaves glow red in autumn over path steps at UW Arboretum. Washington Park Arboretum is a joint project of the University of Washington, the Seattle Department of Parks and Recreation, and the nonprofit Arboretum Foundation, in the State of Washington, USA. Photographed October 22.
    1310ARB-012_fall-leaf-colors.jpg
  • Japanese Maple tree leaves glow yellow in autumn in the J.A. Witt Winter Garden at UW Arboretum. Washington Park Arboretum is a joint project of the University of Washington, the Seattle Department of Parks and Recreation, and the nonprofit Arboretum Foundation, in the State of Washington, USA. Photographed October 22, 2013.
    1310ARB-001_fall-leaf-colors.jpg
  • A green tree trunk is defended by seriously large, sharp, cone-shaped thorns in Buenos Aires, Argentina, South America.
    05ARG-50219.jpg
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