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  • Sitting on the edge of the Pulpit (Prekestolen) invokes fear and takes your break away, 1959 feet above Lysefjord, Forsand municipality, Rogaland county, Ryfylke traditional district, Norway, Europe. The nearest city is Jørpeland, in Strand municipality. 1981 photo.
    81NOR-08-38_Lysefjord,_legs_perch_Th...jpg
  • From Orange Cliffs Overlook in Canyonlands National Park (Utah, USA), view the Green River in Stillwater Canyon, with the snowy Henry Mountains in the distance. (Panorama stitched from 2 photos.)
    06UT_2203-2204pan_Orange-Cliffs-Over...jpg
  • Hiking the Railroad Grade, a lateral moraine of the Easton Glacier on the south side of Mount Baker. Mount Baker National Recreation Area, Washington, USA. In the distance is Glacier Peak.
    04BAK-0031.jpg
  • Metal chicken sculpture & distance signpost for Chicken, Alaska, USA. Chicken is one of the few surviving gold rush towns in Alaska. Mining and tourism keep it alive in the summer, and about 17 people stay through the winter. Gold miners settling here in the late 1800s wanted to name it after the local ptarmigan birds, but couldn't agree on the spelling, so instead called it Chicken to avoid embarrassment. A portion of Chicken including early 1900s buildings and the F.E. Company Dredge No. 4 (Pedro Dredge) is listed as the Chicken Historic District on the National Register of Historical Places. Chicken can be reached via Chicken Airport or Alaska Route 5, the Taylor Highway, which is not maintained from mid-October through mid-March.
    1906AKH-1499.jpg
  • Sky fades from orange to dark blue at twilight in the distance behind Hualalai volcano seen from Mauna Kea's Sunset Hill. Hualalai (8271 feet elevation, the small bump in the far distance) is the westernmost and third-youngest of the five shield volcanoes that form the island of Hawaii. Hualalai rose above sea level about 300,000 years ago. Last erupted in 1801, Hualalai is still active and may erupt again within the next century, which will be a rude shock to the town of Kailua-Kona built on its flanks. For colorful sunset views of the Saddle Road region, walk 1 mile round trip (160 ft gain) to the cinder cone of Pu'u Kalepeamoa, or Sunset Hill, from the Onizuka Center for International Astronomy Mauna Kea Visitor Information Station at 9200 ft elevation. About a million years old and last erupted 6000 to 4000 years ago, Mauna Kea is a dormant volcano on the Big Island of Hawaii, USA. Mauna Kea stands 13,800 feet above sea level and is the highest point in the state of Hawaii. Measured from its base on the ocean floor, it rises over 33,000 ft, significantly greater than the elevation of Mount Everest above sea level. Paving ends at the Visitor Info Station, and four-wheel drive is recommended to reach the top, where Mauna Kea summit's dry, clear, stable air makes one of the world's best sites for astronomy.
    1701HAW-2665.jpg
  • Cable cars from Brülisau reach Hoher Kasten mountain in the Alpstein limestone range, Appenzell Alps, in Eastern Switzerland, Europe. In the distance is Appenzell village. Hoher Kasten (1795 m) is on the border between the cantons of Appenzell Innerrhoden and St. Gallen. A revolving restaurant is on the top. Appenzell Innerrhoden is Switzerland's most traditional and smallest-population canton (second smallest by area). This image was stitched from multiple overlapping photos.
    16SWI-1071-78pan.jpg
  • A tramper (hiker) views Lake Rotoaira and Lake Taupo (in the distance), from the Tongariro Crossing in Tongariro National Park, New Zealand, North Island. In 1990 and 1993, UNESCO honored Tongariro National Park as a World Heritage Area and Cultural Landscape.
    07NZ_7250-Lake-Rotoaira+Taupo.jpg
  • Carol treks towards Chhukhung, Nepal. In the background is Lhotse (27,940 feet), the world's fourth highest peak. The south face of Lhotse rises 3.2 km (1.98 mi) in only 2.25 km (1.4 mi) of horizontal distance (55 degree angle slope), making it the steepest face of this size in the world. Sagarmatha National Park was created in 1976 and honored as a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1979.
    07NEP-3588.jpg
  • An iridescent blue, orange and green Danfe (or Danphe) Pheasant, the national bird of Nepal, was photographed north of Namche Bazaar in Sagarmatha National Park. To make bigger prints of wildlife or birds, use a lens focal length of at least 300mm on a APS-C size sensor DSLR camera (Nikon DX format), which has the equivalent field of view of a 450mm lens on a 35mm-film or 35mm-sensor camera. That telephoto creates a field of view of 8 degrees 15 minutes, measured diagonally, to better magnify birds and small animals. This pheasant, 70 feet away in the fog, would have been much sharper if I had used a telephoto lens longer than 200mm on my Nikon D40X camera (10 megapixel, APS-C sensor). I cropped to one tenth of the original area (from 3872 by 2592 pixels down to 858 by 1002 pixels), enough resolution for a print up to 4 x 6 inches (but larger prints would look unfocused at reading distance). Sagarmatha National Park (created 1976) was honored as a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1979. Published in "Light Travel: Photography on the Go" book by Tom Dempsey 2009, 2010.
    07NEP-3302.jpg
  • View the Blue Ridge Mountains from Bear Den Overlook (elevation 3359 feet) at Milepost 323.0 of the Blue Ridge Parkway, in North Carolina, USA. Black bears no longer roam this area but once had dens here. The Blue Ridge Mountains are a physiographic province of the larger Appalachian division. The mountains are known for their bluish color when seen from a distance. Trees put the "blue" in Blue Ridge, from the hydrocarbons released into the atmosphere, thereby contributing to the characteristic haze on the mountains and their distinctive color. The Blue Ridge Parkway is a 469-mile (755 km) long scenic highway that connects Shenandoah National Park, Virginia, with the Great Smoky Mountains National Park in North Carolina and Tennessee, and is located along the ridge crestlines along the Appalachian Trail. Panorama stitched from 3 overlapping photos.
    08NC-2386-2388pan_Blue-Ridge-Parkway.jpg
  • View the Blue Ridge Mountains from Bear Den Overlook (elevation 3359 feet) at Milepost 323.0 of the Blue Ridge Parkway, in North Carolina, USA. Black bears no longer roam this area but once had dens here. The Blue Ridge Mountains are a physiographic province of the larger Appalachian division. The mountains are known for their bluish color when seen from a distance. Trees put the "blue" in Blue Ridge, from the hydrocarbons released into the atmosphere, thereby contributing to the characteristic haze on the mountains and their distinctive color. The Blue Ridge Parkway is a 469-mile (755 km) long scenic highway that connects Shenandoah National Park, Virginia, with the Great Smoky Mountains National Park in North Carolina and Tennessee, and is located along the ridge crestlines along the Appalachian Trail. Panorama stitched from 4 overlapping photos.
    08NC-2376-2379pan_Blue-Ridge-Mountai...jpg
  • See Cirque of the Towers in the distance as we cross granite rocks along Little Sandy Trail during the ascent from Clear Lake to Deep Lake, in Bridger Wilderness, Wind River Range, Bridger-Teton National Forest, Rocky Mountains, Wyoming, USA. Backpack to Big Sandy Lake Campground (11 miles round trip with 1000 feet gain). Day hike from Big Sandy Lake to Clear Lake and Deep Lake below East Temple Peak then loop back via Temple Lake, Miller Lake, and Rapid Lake (7.5 miles, 1060 ft gain) on the Continental Divide Trail. The Continental Divide follows the crest of the "Winds". Mostly composed of granite batholiths formed deep within the earth over 1 billion years ago, the Wind River Range is one of the oldest mountain ranges in North America. These granite monoliths were uplifted, exposed by erosion, then carved by glaciers 500,000 years ago to form cirques and U-shaped valleys.
    1909US1-0905.jpg
  • Mountain Daisy (Celmisia genus) flowers bloom on Sealy Tarns Track, above Mueller Lake in Aoraki / Mount Cook National Park, Southern Alps, Canterbury region, South Island, New Zealand. The peak of Aoraki / Mount Cook (12,218 feet) rises majestically at the head of the Hooker Valley above Hooker Lake in the distance. In 1990, UNESCO honored Te Wahipounamu - South West New Zealand as a World Heritage Area. This image was stitched from two overlapping photos to increase depth of focus.
    1901NZ1-0863-64-stitched.jpg
  • Chureito Pagoda, Fujiyoshida city, Yamanashi Prefecture, Japan. This five storied pagoda overlooks Fujiyoshida City. In clear weather it offers iconic views combined with Mount Fuji in the distance. The pagoda is part of the Arakura Sengen Shrine and was built as a peace memorial in 1963, nearly 400 steps up the mountain from the shrine's main buildings.
    1810JPN-4523.jpg
  • Chureito Pagoda, Fujiyoshida city, Yamanashi Prefecture, Japan. This five storied pagoda overlooks Fujiyoshida City. In clear weather it offers iconic views combined with Mount Fuji in the distance. The pagoda is part of the Arakura Sengen Shrine and was built as a peace memorial in 1963, nearly 400 steps up the mountain from the shrine's main buildings.
    1810JPN-4483.jpg
  • Chureito Pagoda, Fujiyoshida city, Yamanashi Prefecture, Japan. This five storied pagoda overlooks Fujiyoshida City. In clear weather it offers iconic views combined with Mount Fuji in the distance. The pagoda is part of the Arakura Sengen Shrine and was built as a peace memorial in 1963, nearly 400 steps up the mountain from the shrine's main buildings.
    1810JPN-4465.jpg
  • Chureito Pagoda, Fujiyoshida city, Yamanashi Prefecture, Japan. This five storied pagoda overlooks Fujiyoshida City. In clear weather it offers iconic views combined with Mount Fuji in the distance. The pagoda is part of the Arakura Sengen Shrine and was built as a peace memorial in 1963, nearly 400 steps up the mountain from the shrine's main buildings.
    1810JPN-4429.jpg
  • This plaster Crazy Horse Memorial 1/34th scale model (16 feet high by Korczak Ziolkowski in 1964) is being carved into Thunderhead Mountain (seen beyond) on private land in the Black Hills, between Custer and Hill City, 17 miles from Mount Rushmore, in Custer County, South Dakota, USA. In progress since 1948, the monolithic sculpture is far from completion. It depicts the Oglala Lakota warrior, Crazy Horse, riding a horse and pointing into the distance. The memorial was commissioned by Henry Standing Bear, a Lakota elder, to be sculpted by Korczak Ziolkowski. It is operated by the nonprofit Crazy Horse Memorial Foundation. The sculpture is planned to be of record-setting size: 641 feet wide and 563 feet high. The head of Crazy Horse will be 87 feet high (whereas the heads of the four U.S. Presidents at Mount Rushmore are each 60 feet high). Crazy Horse (1840–1877) was a Native American war leader of the Oglala Lakota. He took up arms against the United States federal government to fight against encroachment by white American settlers on Indian territory. He earned great respect from both his enemies and his own people in several battles of the American Indian Wars on the northern Great Plains, including: the Fetterman massacre in 1866, in which he acted as a decoy, and the Battle of the Little Bighorn in 1876, in which he led a war party to victory. Four months after surrendering in 1877, Crazy Horse was fatally wounded by a bayonet-wielding military guard, while allegedly resisting imprisonment at Camp Robinson in present-day Nebraska. In 1982 he was honored by the U.S. Postal Service with a 13¢ Great Americans series postage stamp.
    1709US1-2976_Crazy-Horse_SD.jpg
  • Growing along an aquaduct in Rio Achin Valley, puya is a genus of the bromeliad family (Bromeliaceae) in the subfamily Pitcairnioideae. In the distance rises Yerupaja Grande (6635 m or 21,770 ft), Peru's second highest peak. Day 9 of 9 days trekking around the Cordillera Huayhuash in the Andes Mountains, near LLamac, Peru, South America.
    14PER-5011_bromeliad_Huayhuash.jpg
  • Punta Cuyoc pass, beneath Nevados Puscanturpa. Day 5 of 9 days trekking around the Cordillera Huayhuash in the Andes Mountains, Peru, South America. In the distance, see the snowy peak of Siula Grande (20,814 ft or 6344 m), which was the subject of the gripping 2003 British docudrama "Touching the Void." In 1985, climbers Joe Simpson and Simon Yates scaled the treacherous West Face of Siula Grande, but after Joe broke his leg, their descent became one of the most amazing survival stories in mountaineering history. The 2003 movie is based upon Joe Simpson's harrowing book, "Touching the Void: The True Story of One Man's Miraculous Survival." Day 5 of 9 days trekking around the Cordillera Huayhuash in the Andes Mountains, Peru, South America.
    14PER-4287_Punta-Cuyoc-pass.jpg
  • A trekker above Punta Cuyoc (16,200 feet or 4950 m pass) admires Nevados Puscanturpa and Cordillera Huayhuash. On the right Cordillera Raura stretches into the distance. Day 5 of 9 days trekking around the Cordillera Huayhuash in the Andes Mountains, Peru, South America. This panorama was stitched from 8 overlapping photos.
    14PER-4248-55pan_Punta-Cuyoc-pass.jpg
  • Trekkers reach Punta Cuyoc (16,200 feet or 4950 m pass), beneath Nevados Puscanturpa. Day 5 of 9 days trekking around the Cordillera Huayhuash in the Andes Mountains, Peru, South America. In the distance, see Siula Grande (center left 20,814 ft or 6344 m), which was the subject of the gripping 2003 British docudrama "Touching the Void." In 1985, climbers Joe Simpson and Simon Yates scaled the treacherous West Face of Siula Grande, but after Joe broke his leg, their descent became one of the most amazing survival stories in mountaineering history. The 2003 movie is based upon Joe Simpson's harrowing book, "Touching the Void: The True Story of One Man's Miraculous Survival." Day 5 of 9 days trekking around the Cordillera Huayhuash in the Andes Mountains, Peru, South America. This panorama was stitched from 4 overlapping photos. For licensing options, please inquire.
    14PER-4243-46pan_Punta-Cuyoc-pass.jpg
  • Punta Cuyoc pass, beneath Nevados Puscanturpa. Day 5 of 9 days trekking around the Cordillera Huayhuash in the Andes Mountains, Peru, South America. In the distance, see Siula Grande (20,814 ft or 6344 m), which was the subject of the gripping 2003 British docudrama "Touching the Void." In 1985, climbers Joe Simpson and Simon Yates scaled the treacherous West Face of Siula Grande, but after Joe broke his leg, their descent became one of the most amazing survival stories in mountaineering history. The 2003 movie is based upon Joe Simpson's harrowing book, "Touching the Void: The True Story of One Man's Miraculous Survival." Day 5 of 9 days trekking around the Cordillera Huayhuash in the Andes Mountains, Peru, South America. This panorama was stitched from 2 overlapping photos.
    14PER-4218-19pan_Punta-Cuyoc-pass.jpg
  • Walk in beautiful Alpe di Seceda by wooden malga (or singular malghe: herders hut), above St. Christina and Ortisei, in Val Gardena, in South Tyrol, the Dolomites, Italy, Europe. In the distance from left to right are the Puez Group, Sella Group, and Langkofel Group (Sassolungo, 3181 meters/10,436 feet, above Ciampinoi and Alpe di Suisi). The beautiful ski resort of Selva di Val Gardena (German: Wolkenstein in Gröden; Ladin: Sëlva Gherdëine) makes a great hiking base in the Trentino-Alto Adige/Südtirol (South Tyrol) region of Italy. For our favorite hike in the Dolomiti, start from Selva with the first morning bus to Ortisei, take the Seceda lift, admire great views up at the cross on the edge of Val di Funes (Villnöss), then walk 12 miles (2000 feet up, 5000 feet down) via the steep pass Furcela Forces De Sieles (Forcella Forces de Sielles) to beautiful Vallunga (trail #2 to 16), finishing where you started in Selva. The hike traverses the Geisler/Odle and Puez Groups from verdant pastures to alpine wonders, all preserved in a vast Nature Park: Parco Naturale Puez-Odle (German: Naturpark Puez-Geisler; Ladin: Parch Natural Pöz-Odles). UNESCO honored the Dolomites as a natural World Heritage Site in 2009. This panorama was stitched from 4 overlapping photos.
    13ITA-20994-97pan_Alpe-di-Seceda_Dol...jpg
  • A field of yellow buttercup flowers (Ranunculus genus) blooms at Pordoi Pass in Italy, Europe. In the distance rise the Langkofel/Sassolungo Group (left) and Sella Group (right). We highly recommend hiking the Bindelweg/Viel del Pan trail for a majestic perspective on the Queen of the Dolomites, glacier-clad Marmolada (3343 meters / 10,968 feet). Take state highway 48 (Grand Strader delle Dolomiti) to Pordoi Pass and hike up the Padon chain, a ridge of volcanic origin carpeted with lush green pasture and wildflowers. Hike an easy 5 miles with 1000 feet gain round trip to Rifugio Viel del Pan; or walk one way 4 miles to the lift at Porta Vescovo down to Arabba village, where an SAD bus can return you to Pordoi Pass during lift hours; or walk 3 hours to Lago di Fedaia and bus back. Pordoi Pass (or Pordoijoch, 2239 meters/7346 feet) is the highest surfaced road traversing a pass in the Dolomites. The Dolomites are part of the Southern Limestone Alps, Europe. UNESCO honored the Dolomites as a natural World Heritage Site in 2009. The panorama was stitched from two overlapping photos, focused near and far.
    13ITA-20845-46pan_Ranunculus-flower_...jpg
  • From Malga Ciapela village in Italy, take a spectacular lift up Marmolada, Queen of the Dolomites (known as Marmoleda in Ladin), the highest peak in the Dolomites (3343 meters/10,968 feet). In the distance to the east, see Monte Pelmo, Monte Civetta, and much more. Find lift info at Funiviemarmolada.com. Nine thousand Austrian and Italian soldiers died on the front line in a stalemate on and around Marmolada over 2 years during World War I. The Dolomites are part of the Southern Limestone Alps, in Europe. UNESCO honored the Dolomites as a natural World Heritage Site in 2009. This panorama was stitched from 3 overlapping photos.
    13ITA-20375-77pan_Marmolada_Dolomite...jpg
  • See the steep face of Marmolata in the distance from Rifugio Gardeccia Hutte, in the Dolomites, Italy, Europe. From Pera di Fassa village (in Pozza di Fassa comune in Val di Fassa), in Trentino-Alto Adige/Südtirol region, Italy, take a bus or lift to visit Rifugio Gardeccia Hutte and hike in the Rosengarten mountain massif (Catinaccio Group) of the Dolomites. 200 million years ago, Triassic coral reefs fossilized into Dolomite. Collision of tectonic plates lifted the Dolomites within the Southern Limestone Alps. UNESCO honored the Dolomites as a natural World Heritage Site in 2009.
    13ITA-10939.jpg
  • Western Pasqueflower (Anemone occidentalis, or Pasque Flower) grows on the High Note Trail on Whistler Mountain, in the Coast Range, British Columbia, Canada. In the distance, Castle Towers Mountain rises to 2676 meters elevation (8780 feet) in Garibaldi Provincial Park.
    1208WHI-035.jpg
  • La Virgen de Quito, on Panecillo hill, is an aluminum statue of the winged virgin (45 meters tall), inspired and enlarged from Bernardo de Lagarda's 1734 sculpture on display on the main altar in San Francisco Church, Quito, Ecuador, South America. This madonna was created in 1976 by Spanish artist Agustín de la Herrán Matorras. The virgin stands on top of a globe and is stepping on a snake. The wings are unusual in the tradition of madonna icons. Seen to the south of downtown Quito, the Panecillo hill looks like a “small bread roll” (its Spanish translation) and stands at about 3000m (9840 feet). Before the Spanish arrived, the Incas worship the sun on Shungoloma, or Hill of the Heart (present-day Panecillo).  Later, from 1812 to 1815, the Spanish constructed a fortress on the hill to control people below. Visit from Old Town via inexpensive taxi. See panoramic 360° views of Quito from here, best early in the morning (around 10:00 am), before the clouds form on nearby mountains. On a clear day, see Cotopaxi in the distance.  UNESCO honored City of Quito as a World Heritage Site in 1978. Quito was founded in 1534 on the ruins of an Inca city. Despite the 1917 earthquake, the city has the best-preserved, least altered historic center in Latin America.
    94GAL-02-05_Virgin-of-Panecillo_Quit...jpg
  • Okaka Hut provides comfortable private or shared rooms with optional hot shower, on Tuatapere Hump Ridge Track, in Fiordland National Park, South Island, New Zealand. In the distance lies Ta Waewae Bay on the South Pacific Ocean. In 1990, UNESCO honored Te Wahipounamu - South West New Zealand as a World Heritage Area.
    07NZ_2145_Okaka-Hut.jpg
  • The daunting south face of Lhotse (27,940 feet), the world's fourth highest peak, rises impressively at Chhukhung teahouse, Nepal, Himalaya Mountains, Asia. The south face of Lhotse rises 3.2 km (1.98 mi) in only 2.25 km (1.4 mi) of horizontal distance (55 degree angle slope), making it the steepest face of this size in the world. Sagarmatha National Park was created in 1976 and honored as a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1979.
    07NEP-3677.jpg
  • Medieval church, with castle in the distance. The town of Bled and glacially formed Lake Bled (Slovene: Blejsko jezero) are popular tourist sites in the Julian Alps in northwestern Slovenia. A medieval castle stands above the lake on the north shore, the former seat of the Austrian Bishops of Brixen. The lake surrounds Bled Island (Blejski otok, the only natural island in Slovenia), upon which stands the Pilgrimage Church of the Assumption of Mary (Slovenian: Cerkev Marijinega vnebovzetja), built in the 15th century and now popular for romantic weddings. Lake Bled hosted the World Rowing Championships in 1966, 1979, 1989, and 2011.The lake is 35 kilometers from Ljubljana International Airport.
    11SLO-9164.jpg
  • Hike 6 miles round trip and 2300 feet vertical gain to a fire lookout on Mount Pilchuck (5324 feet) in Mount Pilchuck State Park, Washington, USA. Yellow lichen splotches large boulders on the summit. View Puget Sound and the Olympic Mountains in the distance. Driving directions: Go from Granite Falls on Mountain Loop Highway to Verlot Visitor Center, drive 1 mile east and turn right on Mount Pilchuck Road (#20) and drive 7 miles to the road end and trailhead.
    05PIL_036-Mt-Pilchuck-Lookout.jpg
  • Lewis' monkeyflower (Erythranthe lewisii) blooms on the Church Mountain trail in Mount Baker - Snoqualmie National Forest, North Cascade mountain range, Washington, USA. Mount Baker rises across the valley in the distance. Erythranthe lewisii was formerly known as Mimulus lewisii before DNA evidence reclassified it in 2012. It is named in honor of explorer Meriwether Lewis.
    04WA-0062_Lewis-Monkeyflower_Mimulus.jpg
  • Lenticular-shaped clouds cap the Cirque of the towers. See Cirque of the Towers in the distance as we cross granite rocks along Little Sandy Trail during the ascent from Clear Lake to Deep Lake, in Bridger Wilderness, Wind River Range, Bridger-Teton National Forest, Rocky Mountains, Wyoming, USA. Backpack to Big Sandy Lake Campground (11 miles round trip with 1000 feet gain). Day hike from Big Sandy Lake to Clear Lake and Deep Lake below East Temple Peak then loop back via Temple Lake, Miller Lake, and Rapid Lake (7.5 miles, 1060 ft gain) on the Continental Divide Trail. The Continental Divide follows the crest of the "Winds". Mostly composed of granite batholiths formed deep within the earth over 1 billion years ago, the Wind River Range is one of the oldest mountain ranges in North America. These granite monoliths were uplifted, exposed by erosion, then carved by glaciers 500,000 years ago to form cirques and U-shaped valleys.
    1909US1-0907.jpg
  • From Cascade Saddle, see Reid Glacier on Plunket Dome (2191m, left) above Matukituki Valley in Mount Aspiring National Park, Otago region, South Island of New Zealand. At center in the distance is Mount Aspiring / Tititea (3033 m or 9951 ft, New Zealand's 23rd-highest mountain). Cascade Saddle is a spectacular 20-kilometer side trip from Dart Hut on the Rees-Dart Track. This image was stitched from multiple overlapping photos.
    1901NZ2-0782-786-Pano.jpg
  • From Alleghe village, take a scenic lift to hikes on impressive Monte Civetta (3220 meters or 10,564 feet elevation) in the Dolomites, Belluno province, Veneto region, Italy. Marmolada, highest peak in the Dolomites, rises in the distance on the right. The Dolomites or Dolomiti are part of the Southern Limestone Alps in Europe. UNESCO honored the Dolomites as a natural World Heritage Site in 2009.
    13ITA-20256_Civetta-Alleghe-lift.jpg
  • A replica of Shackleton's famous lifeboat James Caird is in transit at the Port of Ushuaia, capital city of Tierra del Fuego Province, in Argentina, South America. The voyage of the James Caird, one of history's greatest small-boat journeys, was by open whaleboat from Elephant Island in the South Shetland Islands to South Georgia in the southern Atlantic Ocean, a distance of 800 nautical miles (1500 km; 920 mi) across one of the world' s most treacherous seas. Undertaken by expedition leader Sir Ernest Shackleton and five companions, its objective was to obtain rescue for the main body of the Imperial Trans-Antarctic Expedition of 1914-17, trapped on Elephant Island after the loss of their ship Endurance. On the temporary haven of Elephant Island, the expedition's carpenter, Harry McNish, improvised tools and materials to adapt the 22.5-foot (6.9 m) long James Caird, raising its sides and building a makeshift deck of wood and canvas, sealing the work with oil paints, lamp wick, and seal blood. The craft was further strengthened with a mast lashed inside along the length of her keel, and fitted with a mainmast and a mizzenmast, rigged to carry lugsails and a jib. Boat weight was increased by 1 long ton (1016 kg) of ballast, to lessen the risk of capsizing in the high seas that Shackleton knew would be encountered.
    05ANT-10573.jpg
  • A paraglider flies over Lauterbrunnen Valley at Männlichen in the Berner Oberland, Switzerland, the Alps, Europe. Lauterbrunnen Breithorn rises to 3780 meters or 12,402 feet elevation in the distance. The world's longest continuous rack and pinion railway (Wengernalpbahn) goes from Grindelwald up to Kleine Scheidegg and down to Wengen and Lauterbrunnen. A gondola (gondelbahn) connects Grindelwald with Männlichen, where a cable car goes down to Wengen (Luftseilbahn Wengen-Männlichen). The Bernese Highlands are the upper part of Bern Canton. UNESCO lists “Swiss Alps Jungfrau-Aletsch” as a World Heritage Area (2001, 2007).
    05ALP_0080-Lauterbrunnen-Valley.jpg
  • At Dawson Pass, see Nyack Creek Valley in Glacier National Park, Montana, USA. In the distance, Pumpelly Glacier clings to Blackfoot Mountain and Mount Logan. (Panorama stitched from 2 overlapping images.)
    10GLA-2301-02pan.jpg
  • Ohiopyle State Park is traversed by the Youghiogheny River Trail South section of the Great Allegheny Passage, part of a 318-mile system (512 km) of off-road long-distance trails for biking and walking between Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania and Washington, D.C. Visit Ohiopyle State Park for peak fall colors starting in late October, in Fayette County, Pennsylvania, USA. 14 miles of the Youghiogheny River Gorge pass through the park, providing some of the best whitewater boating in the Eastern United States. View impressive rapids from a high rail-trail trestle and from a loop trail around the meander of Ferncliff Peninsula Natural Area, with a side trip to Ohiopyle Falls. Ohiopyle's Kentuck Campground is just 17 minutes from Fallingwater, the famous Kaufmann Residence designed by Frank Lloyd Wright. Ohiopyle SP is bisected by Pennsylvania Route 381, about 90 minutes southeast of Pittsburgh via car.
    1410PA-007_Ohiopyle-SP.jpg
  • Visit Ohiopyle State Park for peak fall colors starting in late October, in Fayette County, Pennsylvania, USA. 14 miles of the Youghiogheny River Gorge pass through the park, providing some of the best whitewater boating in the Eastern United States. View impressive rapids from a high rail-trail trestle and from a loop trail around the meander of Ferncliff Peninsula Natural Area, with a side trip to Ohiopyle Falls. Ohiopyle State Park is traversed by the Youghiogheny River Trail South section of the Great Allegheny Passage, part of a 318-mile system (512 km) of off-road long-distance trails for biking and walking between Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania and Washington, D.C. Ohiopyle's Kentuck Campground is just 17 minutes from Fallingwater, the famous Kaufmann Residence designed by Frank Lloyd Wright. Ohiopyle SP is bisected by Pennsylvania Route 381, about 90 minutes southeast of Pittsburgh via car.
    1410PA-041_Ohiopyle-SP.jpg
  • Visit Ohiopyle State Park for peak fall colors starting in late October, in Fayette County, Pennsylvania, USA. 14 miles of the Youghiogheny River Gorge pass through the park, providing some of the best whitewater boating in the Eastern United States. View impressive rapids from a high rail-trail trestle and from a loop trail around the meander of Ferncliff Peninsula Natural Area, with a side trip to Ohiopyle Falls. Ohiopyle State Park is traversed by the Youghiogheny River Trail South section of the Great Allegheny Passage, part of a 318-mile system (512 km) of off-road long-distance trails for biking and walking between Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania and Washington, D.C. Ohiopyle's Kentuck Campground is just 17 minutes from Fallingwater, the famous Kaufmann Residence designed by Frank Lloyd Wright. Ohiopyle SP is bisected by Pennsylvania Route 381, about 90 minutes southeast of Pittsburgh via car.
    1410PA-040_Ohiopyle-SP.jpg
  • Visit Ohiopyle State Park for peak fall colors starting in late October, in Fayette County, Pennsylvania, USA. 14 miles of the Youghiogheny River Gorge pass through the park, providing some of the best whitewater boating in the Eastern United States. View impressive rapids from a high rail-trail trestle and from a loop trail around the meander of Ferncliff Peninsula Natural Area, with a side trip to Ohiopyle Falls. Ohiopyle State Park is traversed by the Youghiogheny River Trail South section of the Great Allegheny Passage, part of a 318-mile system (512 km) of off-road long-distance trails for biking and walking between Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania and Washington, D.C. Ohiopyle's Kentuck Campground is just 17 minutes from Fallingwater, the famous Kaufmann Residence designed by Frank Lloyd Wright. Ohiopyle SP is bisected by Pennsylvania Route 381, about 90 minutes southeast of Pittsburgh via car.
    1410PA-052_Ohiopyle-SP.jpg
  • Puebloan stone window. Chetro Ketl was a massive stone building (Puebloan Great House) occupied from 950-1250s AD, now preserved at Chaco Culture National Historical Park, New Mexico, USA. This park hosts the densest and most exceptional concentration of pueblos in the American Southwest and is a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Chaco Canyon is in remote northwestern New Mexico, between Albuquerque and Farmington, USA. From 850 AD to 1250 AD, Chaco Canyon advanced then declined as a major center of culture for the Ancient Pueblo Peoples. Chacoans quarried sandstone blocks and hauled timber from great distances, assembling fifteen major complexes that remained the largest buildings in North America until the 1800s. Climate change may have led to its abandonment, beginning with a 50-year drought starting in 1130.
    1403NM-0197_Chetro-Ketl_Chaco-Cultur...jpg
  • Begun around AD 124 and occupied for 280 years, Housesteads Roman Fort (Vercovicium) is the best preserved fort along Hadrian's Wall. Find it near Bardon Mill, Northumberland, England, United Kingdom, Europe. As the Roman Empire's largest artifact, Hadrian’s Wall runs 117.5 kilometres (73.0 miles) across northern England from the banks of River Tyne near the North Sea to Solway Firth on the Irish Sea. Much of the wall still stands and can be walked along the adjoining Hadrian's Wall Path. Within the Roman province of Britannia, it defended the northwest frontier of the Roman Empire for nearly 300 years. It was built by the Roman army on the orders of the emperor Hadrian in the 6 years following his visit to Britain in AD 122. Hadrian’s Wall is honored as a World Heritage Site. The wall lies entirely within England, and is unrelated to the Scottish border, which lies north of the wall at distances varying from 1-109 kilometers (0.6-68 miles) away.
    17UK2-2111_England-p1.jpg
  • Puebloan stone wall pattern, Chaco Culture National Historical Park, New Mexico, USA. Chaco Canyon hosts the densest and most exceptional concentration of pueblos in the American Southwest and is a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Chaco Canyon is in remote northwestern New Mexico, between Albuquerque and Farmington, USA. From 850 AD to 1250 AD, Chaco Canyon advanced then declined as a major center of culture for the Ancient Pueblo Peoples. Chacoans quarried sandstone blocks and hauled timber from great distances, assembling fifteen major complexes that remained the largest buildings in North America until the 1800s. Climate change may have led to its abandonment, beginning with a 50-year drought starting in 1130.
    1403SWC-144_Chaco-Culture-NHP.jpg
  • Pueblo Bonito is a monumental public building (Puebloan Great House) occupied from around 828 to 1126 AD, now preserved at Chaco Culture National Historical Park, New Mexico, USA. The huge D-shaped complex of Pueblo Bonito enclosed two plazas with dozens of ceremonial kivas, plus 600 rooms towering 4 and 5 stories above the valley floor. The functions of this building included ceremony, administration, trading, storage, hospitality, communications, astronomy, and burial, but few living quarters. Chaco Culture NHP hosts the densest and most exceptional concentration of pueblos in the American Southwest and is a UNESCO World Heritage Site, located in remote northwestern New Mexico, between Albuquerque and Farmington. From 850 AD to 1250 AD, Chaco Canyon advanced then declined as a major center of culture for the Ancient Pueblo Peoples. Chacoans quarried sandstone blocks and hauled timber from great distances, assembling fifteen major complexes that remained the largest buildings in North America until the 1800s. Climate change may have led to its abandonment, beginning with a 50-year drought starting in 1130.
    1403NM-0644_Pueblo-Bonito_Chaco-Cult...jpg
  • Stone doorway. Pueblo Bonito is a monumental public building (Puebloan Great House) occupied from around 828 to 1126 AD, now preserved at Chaco Culture National Historical Park, New Mexico, USA. The huge D-shaped complex of Pueblo Bonito enclosed two plazas with dozens of ceremonial kivas, plus 600 rooms towering 4 and 5 stories above the valley floor. The functions of this building included ceremony, administration, trading, storage, hospitality, communications, astronomy, and burial, but few living quarters. Chaco Culture NHP hosts the densest and most exceptional concentration of pueblos in the American Southwest and is a UNESCO World Heritage Site, located in remote northwestern New Mexico, between Albuquerque and Farmington. From 850 AD to 1250 AD, Chaco Canyon advanced then declined as a major center of culture for the Ancient Pueblo Peoples. Chacoans quarried sandstone blocks and hauled timber from great distances, assembling fifteen major complexes that remained the largest buildings in North America until the 1800s. Climate change may have led to its abandonment, beginning with a 50-year drought starting in 1130.
    1403NM-0636_Pueblo-Bonito_Chaco-Cult...jpg
  • Pueblo Bonito is a monumental public building (Puebloan Great House) occupied from around 828 to 1126 AD, now preserved at Chaco Culture National Historical Park, New Mexico, USA. The huge D-shaped complex of Pueblo Bonito enclosed two plazas with dozens of ceremonial kivas, plus 600 rooms towering 4 and 5 stories above the valley floor. The functions of this building included ceremony, administration, trading, storage, hospitality, communications, astronomy, and burial, but few living quarters. Chaco Culture NHP hosts the densest and most exceptional concentration of pueblos in the American Southwest and is a UNESCO World Heritage Site, located in remote northwestern New Mexico, between Albuquerque and Farmington. From 850 AD to 1250 AD, Chaco Canyon advanced then declined as a major center of culture for the Ancient Pueblo Peoples. Chacoans quarried sandstone blocks and hauled timber from great distances, assembling fifteen major complexes that remained the largest buildings in North America until the 1800s. Climate change may have led to its abandonment, beginning with a 50-year drought starting in 1130.
    1403NM-0616_Pueblo-Bonito_Chaco-Cult...jpg
  • Pueblo Bonito is a monumental public building (Puebloan Great House) occupied from around 828 to 1126 AD, now preserved at Chaco Culture National Historical Park, New Mexico, USA. The huge D-shaped complex of Pueblo Bonito enclosed two plazas with dozens of ceremonial kivas, plus 600 rooms towering 4 and 5 stories above the valley floor. The functions of this building included ceremony, administration, trading, storage, hospitality, communications, astronomy, and burial, but few living quarters. Chaco Culture NHP hosts the densest and most exceptional concentration of pueblos in the American Southwest and is a UNESCO World Heritage Site, located in remote northwestern New Mexico, between Albuquerque and Farmington. From 850 AD to 1250 AD, Chaco Canyon advanced then declined as a major center of culture for the Ancient Pueblo Peoples. Chacoans quarried sandstone blocks and hauled timber from great distances, assembling fifteen major complexes that remained the largest buildings in North America until the 1800s. Climate change may have led to its abandonment, beginning with a 50-year drought starting in 1130.
    1403NM-0613_Pueblo-Bonito_Chaco-Cult...jpg
  • Pueblo Bonito is a monumental public building (Puebloan Great House) occupied from around 828 to 1126 AD, now preserved at Chaco Culture National Historical Park, New Mexico, USA. The huge D-shaped complex of Pueblo Bonito enclosed two plazas with dozens of ceremonial kivas, plus 600 rooms towering 4 and 5 stories above the valley floor. The functions of this building included ceremony, administration, trading, storage, hospitality, communications, astronomy, and burial, but few living quarters. Chaco Culture NHP hosts the densest and most exceptional concentration of pueblos in the American Southwest and is a UNESCO World Heritage Site, located in remote northwestern New Mexico, between Albuquerque and Farmington. From 850 AD to 1250 AD, Chaco Canyon advanced then declined as a major center of culture for the Ancient Pueblo Peoples. Chacoans quarried sandstone blocks and hauled timber from great distances, assembling fifteen major complexes that remained the largest buildings in North America until the 1800s. Climate change may have led to its abandonment, beginning with a 50-year drought starting in 1130.
    1403NM-0592_Pueblo-Bonito_Chaco-Cult...jpg
  • Support timbers decay in stone wall at Pueblo Bonito, Chaco Culture National Historical Park, New Mexico, USA. Pueblo Bonito is a monumental public building (Puebloan Great House) occupied from around 828 to 1126 AD, now preserved in Chaco Canyon. The huge D-shaped complex of Pueblo Bonito enclosed two plazas with dozens of ceremonial kivas, plus 600 rooms towering 4 and 5 stories above the valley floor. The functions of this building included ceremony, administration, trading, storage, hospitality, communications, astronomy, and burial, but few living quarters. Chaco Culture NHP hosts the densest and most exceptional concentration of pueblos in the American Southwest and is a UNESCO World Heritage Site, located in remote northwestern New Mexico, between Albuquerque and Farmington. From 850 AD to 1250 AD, Chaco Canyon advanced then declined as a major center of culture for the Ancient Pueblo Peoples. Chacoans quarried sandstone blocks and hauled timber from great distances, assembling fifteen major complexes that remained the largest buildings in North America until the 1800s. Climate change may have led to its abandonment, beginning with a 50-year drought starting in 1130.
    1403NM-0557_Pueblo-Bonito_Chaco-Cult...jpg
  • Support timbers decay in stone wall at Pueblo Bonito, Chaco Culture National Historical Park, New Mexico, USA. Pueblo Bonito is a monumental public building (Puebloan Great House) occupied from around 828 to 1126 AD, now preserved in Chaco Canyon. The huge D-shaped complex of Pueblo Bonito enclosed two plazas with dozens of ceremonial kivas, plus 600 rooms towering 4 and 5 stories above the valley floor. The functions of this building included ceremony, administration, trading, storage, hospitality, communications, astronomy, and burial, but few living quarters. Chaco Culture NHP hosts the densest and most exceptional concentration of pueblos in the American Southwest and is a UNESCO World Heritage Site, located in remote northwestern New Mexico, between Albuquerque and Farmington. From 850 AD to 1250 AD, Chaco Canyon advanced then declined as a major center of culture for the Ancient Pueblo Peoples. Chacoans quarried sandstone blocks and hauled timber from great distances, assembling fifteen major complexes that remained the largest buildings in North America until the 1800s. Climate change may have led to its abandonment, beginning with a 50-year drought starting in 1130.
    1403NM-0554_Pueblo-Bonito_Chaco-Cult...jpg
  • The orange glow of sunset shines on Pueblo Del Arroyo Great House (a monumental public building), which was occupied from AD 1075-1250s, in what is now Chaco Culture National Historical Park, New Mexico, USA. Chaco Culture National Historical Park hosts the densest and most exceptional concentration of pueblos in the American Southwest and is a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Chaco Canyon is in remote northwestern New Mexico, between Albuquerque and Farmington, USA. From 850 AD to 1250 AD, Chaco Canyon advanced then declined as a major center of culture for the Ancient Pueblo Peoples. Chacoans quarried sandstone blocks and hauled timber from great distances, assembling fifteen major complexes that remained the largest buildings in North America until the 1800s. Climate change may have led to its abandonment, beginning with a 50-year drought starting in 1130. This panorama was stitched from 7 overlapping photos.
    1403NM-0482-489pan_Pueblo-Del-Arroyo...jpg
  • Stone wall pattern. Hungo Pavi is a Chacoan great house (monumental public building) occupied AD 1000-1250s and preserved in what is now Chaco Culture National Historical Park. Chaco Canyon hosts the densest and most exceptional concentration of pueblos in the American Southwest and is a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Chaco Canyon is in remote northwestern New Mexico, between Albuquerque and Farmington, USA. From 850 AD to 1250 AD, Chaco Canyon advanced then declined as a major center of culture for the Ancient Pueblo Peoples. Chacoans quarried sandstone blocks and hauled timber from great distances, assembling fifteen major complexes that remained the largest buildings in North America until the 1800s. Climate change may have led to its abandonment, beginning with a 50-year drought starting in 1130.
    1403NM-0538_Hungo-Pavi_Chaco-Culture...jpg
  • Pueblo Del Arroyo Great House (a monumental public building) was occupied from AD 1075-1250s, in what is now Chaco Culture National Historical Park, New Mexico, USA. Chaco Culture National Historical Park hosts the densest and most exceptional concentration of pueblos in the American Southwest and is a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Chaco Canyon is in remote northwestern New Mexico, between Albuquerque and Farmington, USA. From 850 AD to 1250 AD, Chaco Canyon advanced then declined as a major center of culture for the Ancient Pueblo Peoples. Chacoans quarried sandstone blocks and hauled timber from great distances, assembling fifteen major complexes that remained the largest buildings in North America until the 1800s. Climate change may have led to its abandonment, beginning with a 50-year drought starting in 1130. This panorama was stitched from 5 overlapping photos.
    1403NM-0462-466pan_Pueblo-Del-Arroyo...jpg
  • Kin Kletso Great House (seen from the cliff above) was built around 1120-1130 AD (based on tree-ring dates) with 65 rooms and five kivas, but was abandoned by the 1150s AD. Chaco Culture National Historical Park hosts the densest and most exceptional concentration of pueblos in the American Southwest and is a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Chaco Canyon is in remote northwestern New Mexico, between Albuquerque and Farmington, USA. From 850 AD to 1250 AD, Chaco Canyon advanced then declined as a major center of culture for the Ancient Pueblo Peoples. Chacoans quarried sandstone blocks and hauled timber from great distances, assembling fifteen major complexes that remained the largest buildings in North America until the 1800s. Climate change may have led to its abandonment, beginning with a 50-year drought starting in 1130.
    1403NM-0362_Kin-Kletso_Chaco-Culture...jpg
  • Kin Kletso Great House (seen from the cliff above) was built around 1120-1130 AD (based on tree-ring dates) with 65 rooms and five kivas, but was abandoned by the 1150s AD. Chaco Culture National Historical Park hosts the densest and most exceptional concentration of pueblos in the American Southwest and is a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Chaco Canyon is in remote northwestern New Mexico, between Albuquerque and Farmington, USA. From 850 AD to 1250 AD, Chaco Canyon advanced then declined as a major center of culture for the Ancient Pueblo Peoples. Chacoans quarried sandstone blocks and hauled timber from great distances, assembling fifteen major complexes that remained the largest buildings in North America until the 1800s. Climate change may have led to its abandonment, beginning with a 50-year drought starting in 1130.
    1403NM-0361_Kin-Kletso_Chaco-Culture...jpg
  • Kin Kletso Great House was built around 1120-1130 AD (based on tree-ring dates) with 65 rooms and five kivas, but was abandoned by the 1150s AD. Chaco Culture National Historical Park hosts the densest and most exceptional concentration of pueblos in the American Southwest and is a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Chaco Canyon is in remote northwestern New Mexico, between Albuquerque and Farmington, USA. From 850 AD to 1250 AD, Chaco Canyon advanced then declined as a major center of culture for the Ancient Pueblo Peoples. Chacoans quarried sandstone blocks and hauled timber from great distances, assembling fifteen major complexes that remained the largest buildings in North America until the 1800s. Climate change may have led to its abandonment, beginning with a 50-year drought starting in 1130. This panorama was stitched from 3 overlapping photos.
    1403NM-0354-356pan_Kin-Kletso_Chaco-...jpg
  • Pueblo Bonito is a monumental public building (Puebloan Great House) occupied from around 828 to 1126 AD, now preserved at Chaco Culture National Historical Park, New Mexico, USA. The huge D-shaped complex of Pueblo Bonito enclosed two plazas with dozens of ceremonial kivas, plus 600 rooms towering 4 and 5 stories above the valley floor. The functions of this building included ceremony, administration, trading, storage, hospitality, communications, astronomy, and burial, but few living quarters. Chaco Culture NHP hosts the densest and most exceptional concentration of pueblos in the American Southwest and is a UNESCO World Heritage Site, located in remote northwestern New Mexico, between Albuquerque and Farmington. From 850 AD to 1250 AD, Chaco Canyon advanced then declined as a major center of culture for the Ancient Pueblo Peoples. Chacoans quarried sandstone blocks and hauled timber from great distances, assembling fifteen major complexes that remained the largest buildings in North America until the 1800s. Climate change may have led to its abandonment, beginning with a 50-year drought starting in 1130.
    1403NM-0334_Pueblo-Bonito_Chaco-Cult...jpg
  • Four doorways connect rooms at Pueblo Bonito, 828-1126 AD Great House, Chaco Culture National Historical Park, New Mexico, USA. Pueblo Bonito is a monumental public building (Puebloan Great House) occupied from around 828 to 1126 AD, still standing in Chaco Canyon. The huge D-shaped complex of Pueblo Bonito enclosed two plazas with dozens of ceremonial kivas, plus 600 rooms towering 4 and 5 stories above the valley floor. The functions of this building included ceremony, administration, trading, storage, hospitality, communications, astronomy, and burial, but few living quarters. Chaco Culture NHP hosts the densest and most exceptional concentration of pueblos in the American Southwest and is a UNESCO World Heritage Site, located in remote northwestern New Mexico, between Albuquerque and Farmington. From 850 AD to 1250 AD, Chaco Canyon advanced then declined as a major center of culture for the Ancient Pueblo Peoples. Chacoans quarried sandstone blocks and hauled timber from great distances, assembling fifteen major complexes that remained the largest buildings in North America until the 1800s. Climate change may have led to its abandonment, beginning with a 50-year drought starting in 1130. Two images were combined (stitched) to increase depth of focus from near to far doorways.
    1403NM-0294-295stitch_Pueblo-Bonito_...jpg
  • Filled stone doorway. Pueblo Bonito is a monumental public building (Puebloan Great House) occupied from around 828 to 1126 AD, now preserved at Chaco Culture National Historical Park, New Mexico, USA. The huge D-shaped complex of Pueblo Bonito enclosed two plazas with dozens of ceremonial kivas, plus 600 rooms towering 4 and 5 stories above the valley floor. The functions of this building included ceremony, administration, trading, storage, hospitality, communications, astronomy, and burial, but few living quarters. Chaco Culture NHP hosts the densest and most exceptional concentration of pueblos in the American Southwest and is a UNESCO World Heritage Site, located in remote northwestern New Mexico, between Albuquerque and Farmington. From 850 AD to 1250 AD, Chaco Canyon advanced then declined as a major center of culture for the Ancient Pueblo Peoples. Chacoans quarried sandstone blocks and hauled timber from great distances, assembling fifteen major complexes that remained the largest buildings in North America until the 1800s. Climate change may have led to its abandonment, beginning with a 50-year drought starting in 1130.
    1403NM-0289_Pueblo-Bonito_Chaco-Cult...jpg
  • T-shaped stone wall opening. Pueblo Bonito is a monumental public building (Puebloan Great House) occupied from around 828 to 1126 AD, now preserved at Chaco Culture National Historical Park, New Mexico, USA. The huge D-shaped complex of Pueblo Bonito enclosed two plazas with dozens of ceremonial kivas, plus 600 rooms towering 4 and 5 stories above the valley floor. The functions of this building included ceremony, administration, trading, storage, hospitality, communications, astronomy, and burial, but few living quarters. Chaco Culture NHP hosts the densest and most exceptional concentration of pueblos in the American Southwest and is a UNESCO World Heritage Site, located in remote northwestern New Mexico, between Albuquerque and Farmington. From 850 AD to 1250 AD, Chaco Canyon advanced then declined as a major center of culture for the Ancient Pueblo Peoples. Chacoans quarried sandstone blocks and hauled timber from great distances, assembling fifteen major complexes that remained the largest buildings in North America until the 1800s. Climate change may have led to its abandonment, beginning with a 50-year drought starting in 1130.
    1403NM-0279_Pueblo-Bonito_Chaco-Cult...jpg
  • A baby girl walks through an ancient doorway at Pueblo Bonito. Pueblo Bonito is a monumental public building (Puebloan Great House) occupied from around 828 to 1126 AD, now preserved at Chaco Culture National Historical Park, New Mexico, USA. The huge D-shaped complex of Pueblo Bonito enclosed two plazas with dozens of ceremonial kivas, plus 600 rooms towering 4 and 5 stories above the valley floor. The functions of this building included ceremony, administration, trading, storage, hospitality, communications, astronomy, and burial, but few living quarters. Chaco Culture NHP hosts the densest and most exceptional concentration of pueblos in the American Southwest and is a UNESCO World Heritage Site, located in remote northwestern New Mexico, between Albuquerque and Farmington. From 850 AD to 1250 AD, Chaco Canyon advanced then declined as a major center of culture for the Ancient Pueblo Peoples. Chacoans quarried sandstone blocks and hauled timber from great distances, assembling fifteen major complexes that remained the largest buildings in North America until the 1800s. Climate change may have led to its abandonment, beginning with a 50-year drought starting in 1130.
    1403NM-0284_Pueblo-Bonito_Chaco-Cult...jpg
  • Pueblo Bonito is a monumental public building (Puebloan Great House) occupied from around 828 to 1126 AD, now preserved at Chaco Culture National Historical Park, New Mexico, USA. The huge D-shaped complex of Pueblo Bonito enclosed two plazas with dozens of ceremonial kivas, plus 600 rooms towering 4 and 5 stories above the valley floor. The functions of this building included ceremony, administration, trading, storage, hospitality, communications, astronomy, and burial, but few living quarters. Chaco Culture NHP hosts the densest and most exceptional concentration of pueblos in the American Southwest and is a UNESCO World Heritage Site, located in remote northwestern New Mexico, between Albuquerque and Farmington. From 850 AD to 1250 AD, Chaco Canyon advanced then declined as a major center of culture for the Ancient Pueblo Peoples. Chacoans quarried sandstone blocks and hauled timber from great distances, assembling fifteen major complexes that remained the largest buildings in North America until the 1800s. Climate change may have led to its abandonment, beginning with a 50-year drought starting in 1130.
    1403NM-0240_Pueblo-Bonito_Chaco-Cult...jpg
  • Modern supports hold up an ancient wall. Pueblo Bonito is a monumental public building (Puebloan Great House) occupied from around 828 to 1126 AD, now preserved at Chaco Culture National Historical Park, New Mexico, USA. The huge D-shaped complex of Pueblo Bonito enclosed two plazas with dozens of ceremonial kivas, plus 600 rooms towering 4 and 5 stories above the valley floor. The functions of this building included ceremony, administration, trading, storage, hospitality, communications, astronomy, and burial, but few living quarters. Chaco Culture NHP hosts the densest and most exceptional concentration of pueblos in the American Southwest and is a UNESCO World Heritage Site, located in remote northwestern New Mexico, between Albuquerque and Farmington. From 850 AD to 1250 AD, Chaco Canyon advanced then declined as a major center of culture for the Ancient Pueblo Peoples. Chacoans quarried sandstone blocks and hauled timber from great distances, assembling fifteen major complexes that remained the largest buildings in North America until the 1800s. Climate change may have led to its abandonment, beginning with a 50-year drought starting in 1130.
    1403NM-0231_Pueblo-Bonito_Chaco-Cult...jpg
  • Large stone kiva for Puebloan religious rituals. Chetro Ketl was a massive stone building (Puebloan Great House) occupied from 950-1250s AD, now preserved at Chaco Culture National Historical Park, New Mexico, USA. This park hosts the densest and most exceptional concentration of pueblos in the American Southwest and is a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Chaco Canyon is in remote northwestern New Mexico, between Albuquerque and Farmington, USA. From 850 AD to 1250 AD, Chaco Canyon advanced then declined as a major center of culture for the Ancient Pueblo Peoples. Chacoans quarried sandstone blocks and hauled timber from great distances, assembling fifteen major complexes that remained the largest buildings in North America until the 1800s. Climate change may have led to its abandonment, beginning with a 50-year drought starting in 1130. This panorama was stitched from 7 overlapping photos.
    1403NM-0153-159pan_Chetro-Ketl_Chaco...jpg
  • Large stone kiva for Puebloan religious rituals. Chetro Ketl was a massive stone building (Puebloan Great House) occupied from 950-1250s AD, now preserved at Chaco Culture National Historical Park, New Mexico, USA. This park hosts the densest and most exceptional concentration of pueblos in the American Southwest and is a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Chaco Canyon is in remote northwestern New Mexico, between Albuquerque and Farmington, USA. From 850 AD to 1250 AD, Chaco Canyon advanced then declined as a major center of culture for the Ancient Pueblo Peoples. Chacoans quarried sandstone blocks and hauled timber from great distances, assembling fifteen major complexes that remained the largest buildings in North America until the 1800s. Climate change may have led to its abandonment, beginning with a 50-year drought starting in 1130. This panorama was stitched from 8 overlapping photos.
    1403NM-0145-52pan_Chetro-Ketl_Chaco-...jpg
  • Casa Rinconada, occupied about AD 1140-1200, is an isolated great kiva (out of four in Chaco Canyon), built 63 feet (19 m) in diameter with a circular inner bench, masonry firebox, masonry vaults, 34 niches, four large pits for seating roof supports, plus an unusual 39-foot (12 m) passage dug underground through sandstone and shale. Chaco Culture National Historical Park hosts the densest and most exceptional concentration of pueblos in the American Southwest and is a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Chaco Canyon is in remote northwestern New Mexico, between Albuquerque and Farmington, USA. From 850 AD to 1250 AD, Chaco Canyon advanced then declined as a major center of culture for the Ancient Pueblo Peoples. Chacoans quarried sandstone blocks and hauled timber from great distances, assembling fifteen major complexes that remained the largest buildings in North America until the 1800s. Climate change may have led to its abandonment, beginning with a 50-year drought starting in 1130. This panorama was stitched from 13 overlapping photos.
    1403NM-0701-713pan_Casa-Rinconada_Ch...jpg
  • T-shaped passage into ancient stone kiva. Casa Rinconada, occupied about AD 1140-1200, is an isolated great kiva (out of four in Chaco Canyon), built 63 feet (19 m) in diameter with a circular inner bench, masonry firebox, masonry vaults, 34 niches, four large pits for seating roof supports, plus an unusual 39-foot (12 m) passage dug underground through sandstone and shale. Chaco Culture National Historical Park hosts the densest and most exceptional concentration of pueblos in the American Southwest and is a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Chaco Canyon is in remote northwestern New Mexico, between Albuquerque and Farmington, USA. From 850 AD to 1250 AD, Chaco Canyon advanced then declined as a major center of culture for the Ancient Pueblo Peoples. Chacoans quarried sandstone blocks and hauled timber from great distances, assembling fifteen major complexes that remained the largest buildings in North America until the 1800s. Climate change may have led to its abandonment, beginning with a 50-year drought starting in 1130.
    1403NM-0690_Casa-Rinconada_Chaco.jpg
  • Ancient Puebloan kiva for religious rituals. Tsin Kletzin (or Tsin Kletsin) is a Chacoan Anasazi (Ancient Puebloan) archaeological site atop South Mesa in Chaco Culture National Historical Park, in northwestern New Mexico, between Albuquerque and Farmington, USA. Its timber tree rings date construction to around 1110-1115 AD. Originally it contained 81 rooms, 3 kivas and a plaza built to create a 2-story structure. The masonry style of this complex is called McElmo (Chaco-McElmo), characterized by large sandstone blocks and some tubular slabs. Hike to Tsin Kletzin on South Mesa Trail (2.6 miles round trip) starting at Casa Rinconada. Tsin Kletzin is a misspelled version of Navajo name meaning "black wood place" or "charcoal place." Chaco Culture National Historical Park hosts the densest and most exceptional concentration of pueblos in the American Southwest and is a UNESCO World Heritage Site. From 850 AD to 1250 AD, Chaco Canyon advanced then declined as a major center of culture for the Ancient Pueblo Peoples. Chacoans quarried sandstone blocks and hauled timber from great distances, assembling fifteen major complexes that remained the largest buildings in North America until the 1800s. Climate change may have led to its abandonment, beginning with a 50-year drought starting in 1130. This panorama was stitched from 6 overlapping photos.
    1403NM-0660-665pan_Tsin-Kletzin_Chac...jpg
  • Ancient Puebloan kiva for religious rituals. Casa Rinconada, occupied about AD 1140-1200, is an isolated great kiva (out of four in Chaco Canyon), built 63 feet (19 m) in diameter with a circular inner bench, masonry firebox, masonry vaults, 34 niches, four large pits for seating roof supports, plus an unusual 39-foot (12 m) passage dug underground through sandstone and shale. Chaco Culture National Historical Park hosts the densest and most exceptional concentration of pueblos in the American Southwest and is a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Chaco Canyon is in remote northwestern New Mexico, between Albuquerque and Farmington, USA. From 850 AD to 1250 AD, Chaco Canyon advanced then declined as a major center of culture for the Ancient Pueblo Peoples. Chacoans quarried sandstone blocks and hauled timber from great distances, assembling fifteen major complexes that remained the largest buildings in North America until the 1800s. Climate change may have led to its abandonment, beginning with a 50-year drought starting in 1130.
    1403NM-0672_Casa-Rinconada_Chaco.jpg
  • A captive koala rests in a tree at Bonorong Wildlife Park, Briggs Road, Brighton, Tasmania, Australia. The koala (Phascolarctos cinereus) is an arboreal herbivorous marsupial native to Australia, and the only surviving member of the family Phascolarctidae. The koala is found in coastal regions of eastern and southern Australia, from Adelaide to the southern part of Cape York Peninsula, extending inland where enough moisture supports suitable woodlands. The koalas of South Australia were mostly exterminated during the early 1900s, but have been repopulated with Victorian stock. The koala is not found in Tasmania or Western Australia. The koala is one of the few mammals (other than primates) that has fingerprints. It is generally silent, but males have a very loud advertising call that can be heard from almost a kilometer away during the breeding season. The koala requires large areas of healthy, connected forest and will travel long distances along tree corridors in search of new territory and mates. Human encroachment cuts these corridors with agricultural and residential development, forestry, and road-building, marooning koala colonies in decreasing areas of bush.
    04AUS-30157_Koala-Bonorong-WP.jpg
  • John Mitchell’s 1775 map shows the British colonies in North America extending indefinitely west, overriding rival French claims. First published in 1755, the map's pro-English interpretation of boundaries and geography served as a political tool (propaganda) during the French and Indian War (1754–1763, part of the global Seven Years' War). Mitchell’s important map guided the Treaty of Paris peace negotiations between Great Britain and her former American colonies in 1783 and helped resolve many later treaty negotiations and boundary disputes as recently as 1932 for the United States (USA). Thomas Jefferson recommended that Nicholas King use Mitchell’s map in preparing a new map for Meriwether Lewis, saying: “it was made with great care we know from what is laid down in those western parts with which we have lately become acquainted.” Notice how British Colonial claims of Virginia, Georgia, North and South Carolina extend beyond the Mississippi towards the Pacific Ocean, and Virginia spreads north into present-day Michigan. See the map at the Governor's Palace tour at Colonial Williamsburg, the historic district of Williamsburg (colonial Virginia's capital from 1699 to 1780). Map title for this 1775 version (the fourth edition): "A Map of the British Colonies in North America with the Roads, Distances, Limits, and extent of the Settlements, Humbly Inscribed to the Right Honourable the Earl of Halifax, and the other Right Honourable the Lords Commissioners for Trade & Plantations by Their Lordships most obliged and very humble servant, John Mitchell."
    08VA-1300_Colonial-Williamsburg-VA.jpg
  • A hippopotamus or hippo (Hippopotamus amphibius scientific name; from the Greek hippopotamos, hippos meaning horse and potamus meaning river), is a large, mostly plant-eating African mammal, one of only two extant species in the family Hippopotamidae (the other being the Pygmy Hippopotamus). The hippo is semi-aquatic, inhabiting rivers and lakes in sub-Saharan Africa in groups of 5-30 hippos. During the day they remain cool by staying in the water or mud; reproduction and childbirth both occur in water, where territorial bulls preside over a stretch of river. They emerge at dusk to graze on grass. While hippos rest near each other in territories in the water, grazing is a solitary activity and hippos are not territorial on land. Despite their physical resemblance to pigs and other terrestrial even-toed ungulates, their closest living relatives are cetaceans (whales, porpoise, etc.). The common ancestor of whales and hippos split from other even-toed ungulates around 60 million years ago. The earliest known hippopotamus fossils, belonging to the genus Kenyapotamus in Africa, date to around 16 million years ago. The hippopotamus is recognizable for its barrel-shaped torso, enormous mouth and teeth, hairless body, stubby legs and tremendous size. Hippos have been clocked at 30 mph (48 km/h) while running short distances, faster than an Olympic sprinter. The hippopotamus is one of the most aggressive animals in the world, and are often regarded as the most dangerous animal in Africa. There are an estimated 125,000 to 150,000 hippos remaining throughout Sub-Saharan Africa, of which Zambia (40,000) and Tanzania (20,000-30,000) have the largest populations. They are still threatened by poaching for their meat and ivory canine teeth, and by habitat loss. Photographed in the Woodland Park Zoo, Seattle, Washington.
    0809ZOO-226.jpg
  • People explore the stone wall ruins of Kin Kletso Great House, in Chaco Culture National Historical Park, New Mexico, USA. Kin Kletso Great House was built around 1120-1130 AD (based on tree-ring dates) with 65 rooms and five kivas, but was abandoned by the 1150s AD. Chaco Culture National Historical Park hosts the densest and most exceptional concentration of pueblos in the American Southwest and is a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Chaco Canyon is in remote northwestern New Mexico, between Albuquerque and Farmington, USA. From 850 AD to 1250 AD, Chaco Canyon advanced then declined as a major center of culture for the Ancient Pueblo Peoples. Chacoans quarried sandstone blocks and hauled timber from great distances, assembling fifteen major complexes that remained the largest buildings in North America until the 1800s. Climate change may have led to its abandonment, beginning with a 50-year drought starting in 1130.
    1403NM-0444_Kin-Kletso_Chaco-Culture...jpg
  • The fun Pueblo Alto Trail overlooks Pueblo Bonito, a monumental public building (Puebloan Great House) occupied from around 828 to 1126 AD, now preserved at Chaco Culture National Historical Park, New Mexico, USA. The huge D-shaped complex of Pueblo Bonito enclosed two plazas with dozens of ceremonial kivas, plus 600 rooms towering 4 and 5 stories above the valley floor. The functions of this building included ceremony, administration, trading, storage, hospitality, communications, astronomy, and burial, but few living quarters. Chaco Culture NHP hosts the densest and most exceptional concentration of pueblos in the American Southwest and is a UNESCO World Heritage Site, located in remote northwestern New Mexico, between Albuquerque and Farmington. From 850 AD to 1250 AD, Chaco Canyon advanced then declined as a major center of culture for the Ancient Pueblo Peoples. Chacoans quarried sandstone blocks and hauled timber from great distances, assembling fifteen major complexes that remained the largest buildings in North America until the 1800s. Climate change may have led to its abandonment, beginning with a 50-year drought starting in 1130. This panorama was stitched from 3 overlapping photos.
    1403NM-0405-407pan_Pueblo-Bonito_Cha...jpg
  • The fun Pueblo Alto Trail overlooks Pueblo Bonito, a monumental public building (Puebloan Great House) occupied from around 828 to 1126 AD, now preserved at Chaco Culture National Historical Park, New Mexico, USA. The huge D-shaped complex of Pueblo Bonito enclosed two plazas with dozens of ceremonial kivas, plus 600 rooms towering 4 and 5 stories above the valley floor. The functions of this building included ceremony, administration, trading, storage, hospitality, communications, astronomy, and burial, but few living quarters. Chaco Culture NHP hosts the densest and most exceptional concentration of pueblos in the American Southwest and is a UNESCO World Heritage Site, located in remote northwestern New Mexico, between Albuquerque and Farmington. From 850 AD to 1250 AD, Chaco Canyon advanced then declined as a major center of culture for the Ancient Pueblo Peoples. Chacoans quarried sandstone blocks and hauled timber from great distances, assembling fifteen major complexes that remained the largest buildings in North America until the 1800s. Climate change may have led to its abandonment, beginning with a 50-year drought starting in 1130.
    1403NM-0373-p1_Pueblo-Bonito_Chaco-C...jpg
  • Ancient timbers in stone kiva. Casa Rinconada, occupied about AD 1140-1200, is an isolated great kiva (out of four in Chaco Canyon), built 63 feet (19 m) in diameter with a circular inner bench, masonry firebox, masonry vaults, 34 niches, four large pits for seating roof supports, plus an unusual 39-foot (12 m) passage dug underground through sandstone and shale. Chaco Culture National Historical Park hosts the densest and most exceptional concentration of pueblos in the American Southwest and is a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Chaco Canyon is in remote northwestern New Mexico, between Albuquerque and Farmington, USA. From 850 AD to 1250 AD, Chaco Canyon advanced then declined as a major center of culture for the Ancient Pueblo Peoples. Chacoans quarried sandstone blocks and hauled timber from great distances, assembling fifteen major complexes that remained the largest buildings in North America until the 1800s. Climate change may have led to its abandonment, beginning with a 50-year drought starting in 1130.
    1403NM-0699_Casa-Rinconada_Chaco.jpg
  • Koalas rest in a tree at Koala Conservation Centre, Phillip Island, Victoria, Australia. The koala (Phascolarctos cinereus) is an arboreal herbivorous marsupial native to Australia, and the only surviving member of the family Phascolarctidae. The koala is found in coastal regions of eastern and southern Australia, from Adelaide to the southern part of Cape York Peninsula, extending inland where enough moisture supports suitable woodlands. The koalas of South Australia were mostly exterminated during the early 1900s, but have been repopulated with Victorian stock. The koala is not found in Tasmania or Western Australia. The koala is one of the few mammals (other than primates) that has fingerprints. It is generally silent, but males have a very loud advertising call that can be heard from almost a kilometer away during the breeding season. The koala requires large areas of healthy, connected forest and will travel long distances along tree corridors in search of new territory and mates. Human encroachment cuts these corridors with agricultural and residential development, forestry, and road-building, marooning koala colonies in decreasing areas of bush.
    04AUS-20052_Koala-Conservation-Centr...jpg
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