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  • Magenta twilight over Halemaumau lava lake glowing in Kilauea. Halema'uma'u Crater is an active pit crater containing a steaming lava lake, within the much larger summit caldera of Kilauea in Hawaii Volcanoes National Park on the Big Island, Hawaii, USA. With its name meaning "house of the 'ama'u fern," Halemaumau is home to Pele, goddess of fire and volcanoes according to Hawaiian mythology. Established in 1916 and later expanded, the park (HVNP) encompasses two active volcanoes: Kilauea, one of the world's most active volcanoes, and Mauna Loa, the world's most massive shield volcano. The park portrays the birth of the Hawaiian Islands with dramatic volcanic landscapes, native flora and fauna, and glowing flowing lava. HVNP is honored as a UNESCO World Heritage Site and International Biosphere Reserve.
    1701HAW-2858.jpg
  • Volcanic ash drifts over evening visitors at Halema'uma'u Crater, an active pit crater containing a glowing, steaming lava lake, within the much larger summit caldera of Kilauea in Hawaii Volcanoes National Park on the Big Island, Hawaii, USA. With its name meaning "house of the 'ama'u fern," Halemaumau is home to Pele, goddess of fire and volcanoes according to Hawaiian mythology. Established in 1916 and later expanded, the park (HVNP) encompasses two active volcanoes: Kilauea, one of the world's most active volcanoes, and Mauna Loa, the world's most massive shield volcano. The park portrays the birth of the Hawaiian Islands with dramatic volcanic landscapes, native flora and fauna, and glowing flowing lava. HVNP is honored as a UNESCO World Heritage Site and International Biosphere Reserve.
    1701HAW-2873.jpg
  • Twilight color over Mauna Loa, seen from Jaggar Museum in Hawaii Volcanoes National Park on the Big Island, Hawaii, USA. With its name meaning "house of the 'ama'u fern," Halemaumau is home to Pele, goddess of fire and volcanoes according to Hawaiian mythology. Established in 1916 and later expanded, the park (HVNP) encompasses two active volcanoes: Kilauea, one of the world's most active volcanoes, and Mauna Loa, the world's most massive shield volcano. The park portrays the birth of the Hawaiian Islands with dramatic volcanic landscapes, native flora and fauna, and glowing flowing lava. HVNP is honored as a UNESCO World Heritage Site and International Biosphere Reserve. This image was stitched from multiple overlapping images.
    1701HAW-2846-49-Pano.jpg
  • Halema'uma'u Crater is an active pit crater containing a steaming lava lake, within the much larger summit caldera of Kilauea in Hawaii Volcanoes National Park on the Big Island, Hawaii, USA. With its name meaning "house of the ferns," Halemaumau is home to Pele, goddess of fire and volcanoes according to Hawaiian mythology. Established in 1916 and later expanded, the park (HVNP) encompasses two active volcanoes: Kilauea, one of the world's most active volcanoes, and Mauna Loa, the world's most massive shield volcano. The park portrays the birth of the Hawaiian Islands with dramatic volcanic landscapes, native flora and fauna, and glowing flowing lava. HVNP is honored as a UNESCO World Heritage Site and International Biosphere Reserve.
    1701HAW-2824.jpg
  • Halema'uma'u Crater is an active pit crater containing a steaming lava lake, within the much larger summit caldera of Kilauea in Hawaii Volcanoes National Park on the Big Island, Hawaii, USA. With its name meaning "house of the ferns," Halemaumau is home to Pele, goddess of fire and volcanoes according to Hawaiian mythology. Established in 1916 and later expanded, the park (HVNP) encompasses two active volcanoes: Kilauea, one of the world's most active volcanoes, and Mauna Loa, the world's most massive shield volcano. The park portrays the birth of the Hawaiian Islands with dramatic volcanic landscapes, native flora and fauna, and glowing flowing lava. HVNP is honored as a UNESCO World Heritage Site and International Biosphere Reserve.
    1701HAW-2819.jpg
  • Halema'uma'u Crater is an active pit crater containing a steaming lava lake, within the much larger summit caldera of Kilauea in Hawaii Volcanoes National Park on the Big Island, Hawaii, USA. With its name meaning "house of the 'ama'u fern," Halemaumau is home to Pele, goddess of fire and volcanoes according to Hawaiian mythology. Established in 1916 and later expanded, the park (HVNP) encompasses two active volcanoes: Kilauea, one of the world's most active volcanoes, and Mauna Loa, the world's most massive shield volcano. The park portrays the birth of the Hawaiian Islands with dramatic volcanic landscapes, native flora and fauna, and glowing flowing lava. HVNP is honored as a UNESCO World Heritage Site and International Biosphere Reserve.
    1701HAW-2257.jpg
  • Holei Sea Arch, Hawaii Volcanoes National Park, on the Big Island, Hawaii, USA. Established in 1916 and later expanded, the park (HVNP) encompasses two active volcanoes: Kilauea, one of the world's most active volcanoes, and Mauna Loa, the world's most massive shield volcano. The park portrays the birth of the Hawaiian Islands with dramatic volcanic landscapes, native flora and fauna, and glowing flowing lava. Most recently erupted in 1984, Mauna Loa may have emerged above sea level about 400,000 years ago and has likely been erupting for at least 700,000 years. Measured from its base on the ocean floor, it rises over 33,000 ft, significantly greater than the elevation of Mount Everest above sea level. HVNP is honored as a UNESCO World Heritage Site and International Biosphere Reserve.
    1701HAW-2746.jpg
  • The walkable pit crater of Kilauea Iki (adjacent to the larger caldera of Kilauea) is still warm after last erupting in 1959, in Hawaii Volcanoes National Park, on the Big Island, Hawaii, USA. Rainwater seeping into cracks contacts hot rock below forming steam which leaves white mineral residue above. Established in 1916 and later expanded, the park (HVNP) encompasses two active volcanoes: Kilauea, one of the world's most active volcanoes, and Mauna Loa, the world's most massive shield volcano. HVNP is honored as a UNESCO World Heritage Site and International Biosphere Reserve. This image was stitched from multiple overlapping images.
    1701HAW-2709-11-Pano.jpg
  • The walkable pit crater of Kilauea Iki (adjacent to the larger caldera of Kilauea) is still warm after last erupting in 1959, in Hawaii Volcanoes National Park, on the Big Island, Hawaii, USA. Rainwater seeping into cracks contacts hot rock below forming steam which leaves white mineral residue above. Established in 1916 and later expanded, the park (HVNP) encompasses two active volcanoes: Kilauea, one of the world's most active volcanoes, and Mauna Loa, the world's most massive shield volcano. HVNP is honored as a UNESCO World Heritage Site and International Biosphere Reserve.
    1701HAW-2712.jpg
  • Halema'uma'u Crater is an active pit crater containing a steaming lava lake, within the much larger summit caldera of Kilauea in Hawaii Volcanoes National Park on the Big Island, Hawaii, USA. With its name meaning "house of the 'ama'u fern," Halemaumau is home to Pele, goddess of fire and volcanoes according to Hawaiian mythology. Established in 1916 and later expanded, the park (HVNP) encompasses two active volcanoes: Kilauea, one of the world's most active volcanoes, and Mauna Loa, the world's most massive shield volcano. The park portrays the birth of the Hawaiian Islands with dramatic volcanic landscapes, native flora and fauna, and glowing flowing lava. HVNP is honored as a UNESCO World Heritage Site and International Biosphere Reserve.
    1701HAW-2301.jpg
  • Ohia or Ohi'a Lehua (Metrosideros polymorpha, in the Myrtle family, Myrtaceae) is the most abundant tree in the Hawaiian Islands, and is one of the first trees to colonize lava flows, as here in Kilauea Iki crater. Its brush-like flower stamens are usually red. The walkable pit crater of Kilauea Iki (adjacent to the larger caldera of Kilauea) is still warm after last erupting in 1959, in Hawaii Volcanoes National Park, on the Big Island, Hawaii, USA. Established in 1916 and later expanded, the park (HVNP) encompasses two active volcanoes: Kilauea, one of the world's most active volcanoes, and Mauna Loa, the world's most massive shield volcano. HVNP is honored as a UNESCO World Heritage Site and International Biosphere Reserve.
    1701HAW-2289.jpg
  • Ohia or Ohi'a Lehua (Metrosideros polymorpha, in the Myrtle family, Myrtaceae) is the most abundant tree in the Hawaiian Islands, and is one of the first trees to colonize lava flows, as here in Kilauea Iki crater. Its brush-like flower stamens are usually red. The walkable pit crater of Kilauea Iki (adjacent to the larger caldera of Kilauea) is still warm after last erupting in 1959, in Hawaii Volcanoes National Park, on the Big Island, Hawaii, USA. Established in 1916 and later expanded, the park (HVNP) encompasses two active volcanoes: Kilauea, one of the world's most active volcanoes, and Mauna Loa, the world's most massive shield volcano. HVNP is honored as a UNESCO World Heritage Site and International Biosphere Reserve.
    1701HAW-2288.jpg
  • Halemaumau trail in Kilauea caldera, Hawaii Volcanoes National Park on the Big Island, Hawaii, USA. Established in 1916 and later expanded, the park (HVNP) encompasses two active volcanoes: Kilauea, one of the world's most active volcanoes, and Mauna Loa, the world's most massive shield volcano. The park portrays the birth of the Hawaiian Islands with dramatic volcanic landscapes, native flora and fauna, and glowing flowing lava. HVNP is honored as a UNESCO World Heritage Site and International Biosphere Reserve.
    1701HAW-2270.jpg
  • Ropy pahoehoe lava patterns below the cliffs of Holei Pali, by Chain of Craters Road, Hawaii Volcanoes National Park, on the Big Island, Hawaii, USA. Established in 1916 and later expanded, the park (HVNP) encompasses two active volcanoes: Kilauea, one of the world's most active volcanoes, and Mauna Loa, the world's most massive shield volcano. The park portrays the birth of the Hawaiian Islands with dramatic volcanic landscapes, native flora and fauna, and glowing flowing lava. Most recently erupted in 1984, Mauna Loa may have emerged above sea level about 400,000 years ago and has likely been erupting for at least 700,000 years. Measured from its base on the ocean floor, it rises over 33,000 ft, significantly greater than the elevation of Mount Everest above sea level. HVNP is honored as a UNESCO World Heritage Site and International Biosphere Reserve.
    1701HAW-2812.jpg
  • Ropy pahoehoe lava patterns below the cliffs of Holei Pali, by Chain of Craters Road, Hawaii Volcanoes National Park, on the Big Island, Hawaii, USA. Established in 1916 and later expanded, the park (HVNP) encompasses two active volcanoes: Kilauea, one of the world's most active volcanoes, and Mauna Loa, the world's most massive shield volcano. The park portrays the birth of the Hawaiian Islands with dramatic volcanic landscapes, native flora and fauna, and glowing flowing lava. Most recently erupted in 1984, Mauna Loa may have emerged above sea level about 400,000 years ago and has likely been erupting for at least 700,000 years. Measured from its base on the ocean floor, it rises over 33,000 ft, significantly greater than the elevation of Mount Everest above sea level. HVNP is honored as a UNESCO World Heritage Site and International Biosphere Reserve.
    1701HAW-2809.jpg
  • Ropy pahoehoe lava patterns below the cliffs of Holei Pali, by Chain of Craters Road, Hawaii Volcanoes National Park, on the Big Island, Hawaii, USA. Established in 1916 and later expanded, the park (HVNP) encompasses two active volcanoes: Kilauea, one of the world's most active volcanoes, and Mauna Loa, the world's most massive shield volcano. The park portrays the birth of the Hawaiian Islands with dramatic volcanic landscapes, native flora and fauna, and glowing flowing lava. Most recently erupted in 1984, Mauna Loa may have emerged above sea level about 400,000 years ago and has likely been erupting for at least 700,000 years. Measured from its base on the ocean floor, it rises over 33,000 ft, significantly greater than the elevation of Mount Everest above sea level. HVNP is honored as a UNESCO World Heritage Site and International Biosphere Reserve.
    1701HAW-2808.jpg
  • Ropy pahoehoe lava patterns below the cliffs of Holei Pali, by Chain of Craters Road, Hawaii Volcanoes National Park, on the Big Island, Hawaii, USA. Established in 1916 and later expanded, the park (HVNP) encompasses two active volcanoes: Kilauea, one of the world's most active volcanoes, and Mauna Loa, the world's most massive shield volcano. The park portrays the birth of the Hawaiian Islands with dramatic volcanic landscapes, native flora and fauna, and glowing flowing lava. Most recently erupted in 1984, Mauna Loa may have emerged above sea level about 400,000 years ago and has likely been erupting for at least 700,000 years. Measured from its base on the ocean floor, it rises over 33,000 ft, significantly greater than the elevation of Mount Everest above sea level. HVNP is honored as a UNESCO World Heritage Site and International Biosphere Reserve.
    1701HAW-2805.jpg
  • Ropy pahoehoe lava patterns below the cliffs of Holei Pali, by Chain of Craters Road, Hawaii Volcanoes National Park, on the Big Island, Hawaii, USA. Established in 1916 and later expanded, the park (HVNP) encompasses two active volcanoes: Kilauea, one of the world's most active volcanoes, and Mauna Loa, the world's most massive shield volcano. The park portrays the birth of the Hawaiian Islands with dramatic volcanic landscapes, native flora and fauna, and glowing flowing lava. Most recently erupted in 1984, Mauna Loa may have emerged above sea level about 400,000 years ago and has likely been erupting for at least 700,000 years. Measured from its base on the ocean floor, it rises over 33,000 ft, significantly greater than the elevation of Mount Everest above sea level. HVNP is honored as a UNESCO World Heritage Site and International Biosphere Reserve.
    1701HAW-2804.jpg
  • Fractured pahoehoe lava patterns below the cliffs of Holei Pali, by Chain of Craters Road, Hawaii Volcanoes National Park, on the Big Island, Hawaii, USA. Established in 1916 and later expanded, the park (HVNP) encompasses two active volcanoes: Kilauea, one of the world's most active volcanoes, and Mauna Loa, the world's most massive shield volcano. The park portrays the birth of the Hawaiian Islands with dramatic volcanic landscapes, native flora and fauna, and glowing flowing lava. Most recently erupted in 1984, Mauna Loa may have emerged above sea level about 400,000 years ago and has likely been erupting for at least 700,000 years. Measured from its base on the ocean floor, it rises over 33,000 ft, significantly greater than the elevation of Mount Everest above sea level. HVNP is honored as a UNESCO World Heritage Site and International Biosphere Reserve.
    1701HAW-2802.jpg
  • Pahoehoe lava patterns below the cliffs of Holei Pali, by Chain of Craters Road, Hawaii Volcanoes National Park, on the Big Island, Hawaii, USA. Established in 1916 and later expanded, the park (HVNP) encompasses two active volcanoes: Kilauea, one of the world's most active volcanoes, and Mauna Loa, the world's most massive shield volcano. The park portrays the birth of the Hawaiian Islands with dramatic volcanic landscapes, native flora and fauna, and glowing flowing lava. Most recently erupted in 1984, Mauna Loa may have emerged above sea level about 400,000 years ago and has likely been erupting for at least 700,000 years. Measured from its base on the ocean floor, it rises over 33,000 ft, significantly greater than the elevation of Mount Everest above sea level. HVNP is honored as a UNESCO World Heritage Site and International Biosphere Reserve.
    1701HAW-2797.jpg
  • Ropy pahoehoe lava patterns below the cliffs of Holei Pali, by Chain of Craters Road, Hawaii Volcanoes National Park, on the Big Island, Hawaii, USA. Established in 1916 and later expanded, the park (HVNP) encompasses two active volcanoes: Kilauea, one of the world's most active volcanoes, and Mauna Loa, the world's most massive shield volcano. The park portrays the birth of the Hawaiian Islands with dramatic volcanic landscapes, native flora and fauna, and glowing flowing lava. Most recently erupted in 1984, Mauna Loa may have emerged above sea level about 400,000 years ago and has likely been erupting for at least 700,000 years. Measured from its base on the ocean floor, it rises over 33,000 ft, significantly greater than the elevation of Mount Everest above sea level. HVNP is honored as a UNESCO World Heritage Site and International Biosphere Reserve.
    1701HAW-2799.jpg
  • Tree-like shape in ropy pahoehoe lava below the cliffs of Holei Pali, along Chain of Craters Road, Hawaii Volcanoes National Park, on the Big Island, Hawaii, USA. Established in 1916 and later expanded, the park (HVNP) encompasses two active volcanoes: Kilauea, one of the world's most active volcanoes, and Mauna Loa, the world's most massive shield volcano. The park portrays the birth of the Hawaiian Islands with dramatic volcanic landscapes, native flora and fauna, and glowing flowing lava. Most recently erupted in 1984, Mauna Loa may have emerged above sea level about 400,000 years ago and has likely been erupting for at least 700,000 years. Measured from its base on the ocean floor, it rises over 33,000 ft, significantly greater than the elevation of Mount Everest above sea level. HVNP is honored as a UNESCO World Heritage Site and International Biosphere Reserve.
    1701HAW-2779.jpg
  • Pioneer plants: ferns grow on lava cliffs of Holei Pali, Hawaii Volcanoes National Park, on the Big Island, Hawaii, USA. Established in 1916 and later expanded, the park (HVNP) encompasses two active volcanoes: Kilauea, one of the world's most active volcanoes, and Mauna Loa, the world's most massive shield volcano. The park portrays the birth of the Hawaiian Islands with dramatic volcanic landscapes, native flora and fauna, and glowing flowing lava. Most recently erupted in 1984, Mauna Loa may have emerged above sea level about 400,000 years ago and has likely been erupting for at least 700,000 years. Measured from its base on the ocean floor, it rises over 33,000 ft, significantly greater than the elevation of Mount Everest above sea level. HVNP is honored as a UNESCO World Heritage Site and International Biosphere Reserve.
    1701HAW-2765.jpg
  • Pioneer plants on lava cliffs of Holei Pali, Hawaii Volcanoes National Park, on the Big Island, Hawaii, USA. Established in 1916 and later expanded, the park (HVNP) encompasses two active volcanoes: Kilauea, one of the world's most active volcanoes, and Mauna Loa, the world's most massive shield volcano. The park portrays the birth of the Hawaiian Islands with dramatic volcanic landscapes, native flora and fauna, and glowing flowing lava. Most recently erupted in 1984, Mauna Loa may have emerged above sea level about 400,000 years ago and has likely been erupting for at least 700,000 years. Measured from its base on the ocean floor, it rises over 33,000 ft, significantly greater than the elevation of Mount Everest above sea level. HVNP is honored as a UNESCO World Heritage Site and International Biosphere Reserve.
    1701HAW-2762.jpg
  • Waves crash on lava cliffs at end of Chain of Craters Road in Hawaii Volcanoes National Park, on the Big Island, Hawaii, USA. Established in 1916 and later expanded, the park (HVNP) encompasses two active volcanoes: Kilauea, one of the world's most active volcanoes, and Mauna Loa, the world's most massive shield volcano. The park portrays the birth of the Hawaiian Islands with dramatic volcanic landscapes, native flora and fauna, and glowing flowing lava. Most recently erupted in 1984, Mauna Loa may have emerged above sea level about 400,000 years ago and has likely been erupting for at least 700,000 years. Measured from its base on the ocean floor, it rises over 33,000 ft, significantly greater than the elevation of Mount Everest above sea level. HVNP is honored as a UNESCO World Heritage Site and International Biosphere Reserve.
    1701HAW-2750.jpg
  • This palm cluster survived lava flows that closed Chain of Craters Road in Hawaii Volcanoes National Park, on the Big Island, Hawaii, USA. Established in 1916 and later expanded, the park (HVNP) encompasses two active volcanoes: Kilauea, one of the world's most active volcanoes, and Mauna Loa, the world's most massive shield volcano. The park portrays the birth of the Hawaiian Islands with dramatic volcanic landscapes, native flora and fauna, and glowing flowing lava. Most recently erupted in 1984, Mauna Loa may have emerged above sea level about 400,000 years ago and has likely been erupting for at least 700,000 years. Measured from its base on the ocean floor, it rises over 33,000 ft, significantly greater than the elevation of Mount Everest above sea level. HVNP is honored as a UNESCO World Heritage Site and International Biosphere Reserve.
    1701HAW-2749.jpg
  • Along Hilina Pali Road, see twisted ropy pahoehoe lava from Kilauea, with Mauna Loa (13,679 ft elevation) looming in the background, in Hawaii Volcanoes National Park, on the Big Island, Hawaii, USA. Established in 1916 and later expanded, the park (HVNP) encompasses two active volcanoes: Kilauea, one of the world's most active volcanoes, and Mauna Loa, the world's most massive shield volcano. The park portrays the birth of the Hawaiian Islands with dramatic volcanic landscapes, native flora and fauna, and glowing flowing lava. Most recently erupted in 1984, Mauna Loa may have emerged above sea level about 400,000 years ago and has likely been erupting for at least 700,000 years. Measured from its base on the ocean floor, it rises over 33,000 ft, significantly greater than the elevation of Mount Everest above sea level. HVNP is honored as a UNESCO World Heritage Site and International Biosphere Reserve.
    1701HAW-2735.jpg
  • Thurston Lava Tube exit, in Hawaii Volcanoes National Park, on the Big Island, Hawaii, USA. Established in 1916 and later expanded, the park (HVNP) encompasses two active volcanoes: Kilauea, one of the world's most active volcanoes, and Mauna Loa, the world's most massive shield volcano. The park portrays the birth of the Hawaiian Islands with dramatic volcanic landscapes, native flora and fauna, and glowing flowing lava. Most recently erupted in 1984, Mauna Loa may have emerged above sea level about 400,000 years ago and has likely been erupting for at least 700,000 years. Measured from its base on the ocean floor, it rises over 33,000 ft, significantly greater than the elevation of Mount Everest above sea level. HVNP is honored as a UNESCO World Heritage Site and International Biosphere Reserve.
    1701HAW-2705.jpg
  • Thurston Lava Tube exit, in Hawaii Volcanoes National Park, on the Big Island, Hawaii, USA. Established in 1916 and later expanded, the park (HVNP) encompasses two active volcanoes: Kilauea, one of the world's most active volcanoes, and Mauna Loa, the world's most massive shield volcano. The park portrays the birth of the Hawaiian Islands with dramatic volcanic landscapes, native flora and fauna, and glowing flowing lava. Most recently erupted in 1984, Mauna Loa may have emerged above sea level about 400,000 years ago and has likely been erupting for at least 700,000 years. Measured from its base on the ocean floor, it rises over 33,000 ft, significantly greater than the elevation of Mount Everest above sea level. HVNP is honored as a UNESCO World Heritage Site and International Biosphere Reserve.
    1701HAW-2701.jpg
  • Crater Rim Trail follows an overgrown road near Kilauea Visitor Center, Hawaii Volcanoes National Park, on the Big Island, Hawaii, USA. Growing into the former road beside the picnic tables is the common local fern Dicranopteris linearis, known as Old World forked fern, uluhe (Hawaiian), dilim (Filipino), Climbing Fern, or False Staghorn. As a pioneer species in ecological succession, it can colonize bare lava flows, talus, and abandoned roads. Intolerant of shade, it climbs over other plants to reach direct sunlight. The stem grows from the rhizome, branches at a 45° angle, and forms fronds that continue to bud and branch at great length, 20+ feet. Where humans eliminate the fern, invasive non-native species of plants often move in. This plant is a keystone species in Hawaiian ecosystems and often forms deep thickets. Dicranopteris linearis is widely distributed in the wet Old World tropics, Polynesia and the Pacific. Established in 1916 and later expanded, the park (HVNP) encompasses two active volcanoes: Kilauea, one of the world's most active volcanoes, and Mauna Loa, the world's most massive shield volcano. The park portrays the birth of the Hawaiian Islands with dramatic volcanic landscapes, native flora and fauna, and glowing flowing lava. HVNP is honored as a UNESCO World Heritage Site and International Biosphere Reserve.
    1701HAW-2303.jpg
  • The walkable pit crater of Kilauea Iki (adjacent to the larger caldera of Kilauea) is still warm after last erupting in 1959, in Hawaii Volcanoes National Park, on the Big Island, Hawaii, USA. Established in 1916 and later expanded, the park (HVNP) encompasses two active volcanoes: Kilauea, one of the world's most active volcanoes, and Mauna Loa, the world's most massive shield volcano. HVNP is honored as a UNESCO World Heritage Site and International Biosphere Reserve.
    1701HAW-2284-p1.jpg
  • The walkable pit crater of Kilauea Iki (adjacent to the larger caldera of Kilauea) is still warm after last erupting in 1959, in Hawaii Volcanoes National Park, on the Big Island, Hawaii, USA. Established in 1916 and later expanded, the park (HVNP) encompasses two active volcanoes: Kilauea, one of the world's most active volcanoes, and Mauna Loa, the world's most massive shield volcano. HVNP is honored as a UNESCO World Heritage Site and International Biosphere Reserve.
    1701HAW-2282.jpg
  • The walkable pit crater of Kilauea Iki (adjacent to the larger caldera of Kilauea) is still warm after last erupting in 1959, in Hawaii Volcanoes National Park, on the Big Island, Hawaii, USA. Established in 1916 and later expanded, the park (HVNP) encompasses two active volcanoes: Kilauea, one of the world's most active volcanoes, and Mauna Loa, the world's most massive shield volcano. HVNP is honored as a UNESCO World Heritage Site and International Biosphere Reserve. This image was stitched from multiple overlapping images.
    1701HAW-2274-77-Pano.jpg
  • The walkable pit crater of Kilauea Iki (adjacent to the larger caldera of Kilauea) is still warm after last erupting in 1959, in Hawaii Volcanoes National Park, on the Big Island, Hawaii, USA. Rainwater seeping into cracks contacts hot rock below forming steam which leaves white mineral residue above. Established in 1916 and later expanded, the park (HVNP) encompasses two active volcanoes: Kilauea, one of the world's most active volcanoes, and Mauna Loa, the world's most massive shield volcano. HVNP is honored as a UNESCO World Heritage Site and International Biosphere Reserve.
    1701HAW-2272.jpg
  • A rainbow of mineral colors in cracked lava layers in Holei Pali, by Chain of Craters Road, Hawaii Volcanoes National Park, on the Big Island, Hawaii, USA. Established in 1916 and later expanded, the park (HVNP) encompasses two active volcanoes: Kilauea, one of the world's most active volcanoes, and Mauna Loa, the world's most massive shield volcano. The park portrays the birth of the Hawaiian Islands with dramatic volcanic landscapes, native flora and fauna, and glowing flowing lava. Most recently erupted in 1984, Mauna Loa may have emerged above sea level about 400,000 years ago and has likely been erupting for at least 700,000 years. Measured from its base on the ocean floor, it rises over 33,000 ft, significantly greater than the elevation of Mount Everest above sea level. HVNP is honored as a UNESCO World Heritage Site and International Biosphere Reserve.
    1701HAW-2786.jpg
  • Tree-like shape in ropy pahoehoe lava below the cliffs of Holei Pali, along Chain of Craters Road, Hawaii Volcanoes National Park, on the Big Island, Hawaii, USA. Established in 1916 and later expanded, the park (HVNP) encompasses two active volcanoes: Kilauea, one of the world's most active volcanoes, and Mauna Loa, the world's most massive shield volcano. The park portrays the birth of the Hawaiian Islands with dramatic volcanic landscapes, native flora and fauna, and glowing flowing lava. Most recently erupted in 1984, Mauna Loa may have emerged above sea level about 400,000 years ago and has likely been erupting for at least 700,000 years. Measured from its base on the ocean floor, it rises over 33,000 ft, significantly greater than the elevation of Mount Everest above sea level. HVNP is honored as a UNESCO World Heritage Site and International Biosphere Reserve.
    1701HAW-2780.jpg
  • Beach Naupaka (Scaevola sericea, synonyms: Lobelia taccada, Scaevola taccada) is native to Hawaii. It is also known as Naupaka Kahakai, or Half-flower. Its flower is white or cream usually tinged with purple, pale purple, or tan. According to Hawaiian legends, the one-sided flowers of Beach Naupaka are a symbol of lovers torn apart and never reunited. The corky seeds are buoyant and can remain viable in the ocean for a year as they are carried to new shorelines. The leaves have curled-under edges and are shiny, bright green, somewhat succulent, alternate, and obovate in shape with a broad, rounded tip. The plants are dense, spreading, mounding, thicket-forming shrubs. In Hawaii, Beach Naupaka grows wild along the coastlines and is also used as a landscaping or hedge plant in coastal areas because of salt tolerance and attractive form. Photo is from the end of Chain of Craters Road in Hawaii Volcanoes National Park, on the Big Island, Hawaii, USA.
    1701HAW-2752.jpg
  • Pinkhead Smartweed / Pink Knotweed / Polygonum capitatum, on Desolation Trail, in Hawaii Volcanoes National Park, Big Island, Hawaii, USA. Polygonum capitatum (synonym: Persicaria capitata; or Pinkhead Knotweed) is native to western China and the Himalayas. It was introduced to Hawaii as an ornamental groundcover but became naturalized in the wild. On the Big Island, these weedy plants grow along roadsides and in open lava fields at middle elevations.
    1701HAW-2721.jpg
  • In early January in the Andes mountain range, the snows of Llaima volcano rise above a field of white flowers near Temuco, in the Araucanía Region, Chile, South America. Volcan Llaima (3125 meters or 10,253 feet elevation) is one of the largest and most active volcanoes in Chile. The ski center Las Araucarias lies on the volcano's western slopes. What international tourist literature calls the "Chilean Lake District" usually refers to the Andean foothills between Temuco and Puerto Montt including three Regions (XIV Los Ríos, IX La Araucanía, and X Los Lagos) in what Chile calls the Zona Sur (Southern Zone).
    93CHI-08-07_Llaima-volcano-white-flo...jpg
  • Tour boats moor in the harbor of active volcanic island Nea Kameni, in the southern Aegean Sea, Greece. The town of Fira perches on 700-foot-high volcanic cliffs on Santorini Island to escape summer heat and pirates of the past. Geologic and human history of Santorini: Humans first arrived around 3000 BC on this volcano known in ancient times as Thira (or Thera). The island was a volcanic cone with a circular shoreline until 1646 BC, when one of earths most violent explosions blasted ash all over the Mediterranean, sunk the center of the island, launched tidal waves, and may have ruined the Minoan civilization 70 miles away on Crete. Remarkably, volcanic ash dumped onto the volcanos flanks actually preserved the village of Akrotiri and its 3600-year-old frescoes from the Minoan era. These are some of the earliest known examples of world art history, which you can now view in museums. In 286 BC, the volcano split off Thirasia (Little Thira) Island (to the West). The volcano began rebuilding, and in 197 BC the small center islet of Palia Kameni appeared. In 1707 CE, lava started forming Nea Kameni, the larger center island which erupted as recently as 1956 and caused a huge earthquake (7.8 on the Richter scale) which destroyed most of the houses in the towns of Fira and Oia. Fira and Oia have since been rebuilt as multi-level mazes of fascinating whitewashed architecture, attracting tourists from around the world. Published in "Sparks", the newsletter for the Museum of Science, Boston February/March 2006.
    01GRE-10-32_boats-Santorini.jpg
  • Tour boats moor in the harbor of active volcanic island Nea Kameni, in the southern Aegean Sea, Greece. The town of Fira perches on 700-foot-high volcanic cliffs on Santorini Island to escape summer heat and pirates of the past. Geologic and human history of Santorini: Humans first arrived around 3000 BC on this volcano known in ancient times as Thira (or Thera). The island was a volcanic cone with a circular shoreline until 1646 BC, when one of earths most violent explosions blasted ash all over the Mediterranean, sunk the center of the island, launched tidal waves, and may have ruined the Minoan civilization 70 miles away on Crete. Remarkably, volcanic ash dumped onto the volcanos flanks actually preserved the village of Akrotiri and its 3600-year-old frescoes from the Minoan era. These are some of the earliest known examples of world art history, which you can now view in museums. In 286 BC, the volcano split off Thirasia (Little Thira) Island (to the West). The volcano began rebuilding, and in 197 BC the small center islet of Palia Kameni appeared. In 1707 CE, lava started forming Nea Kameni, the larger center island which erupted as recently as 1956 and caused a huge earthquake (7.8 on the Richter scale) which destroyed most of the houses in the towns of Fira and Oia. Fira and Oia have since been rebuilt as multi-level mazes of fascinating whitewashed architecture, attracting tourists from around the world. Published in "Sparks", the newsletter for the Museum of Science, Boston February/March 2006.
    01GRE-10-15_Nea-Kameni_Santorini.jpg
  • Lupine flowers bloom above beautiful Lake Quilotoa, Ecuador, South America. Quilotoa, a tourist site of growing popularity, is a scenic water-filled caldera that is the westernmost volcano in the Ecuadorian Andes. The 3 kilometers (2 mile) wide caldera (diameter about 9km) was formed by the collapse of this dacite volcano following a catastrophic VEI-6 eruption about 800 years ago, which produced pyroclastic flows and lahars that reached the Pacific Ocean, and spread an airborne deposit of volcanic ash throughout the northern Andes. The caldera has since accumulated a 250 meter (820 foot) deep crater lake, which has a greenish color from dissolved minerals. Fumaroles are found on the lake floor and hot springs occur on the eastern flank of the volcano. The route to the "summit" (the small town of Quilotoa) is generally traveled by hired truck or bus from the town of Zumbahua 17 km to the South.  Lupinus is a genus in the pea family (also called the legume, bean, or pulse family, Latin name Fabaceae or Leguminosae). Published in "Light Travel: Photography on the Go" book by Tom Dempsey 2009, 2010. Panorama stitched from 3 overlapping images.
    09ECU-2807-09pan_Quilotoa.jpg
  • Sky fades from orange to dark blue at twilight behind Hualalai volcano (8271 feet elevation), seen from Mauna Kea's Sunset Hill. Hualalai is the westernmost and third-youngest of the five shield volcanoes that form the island of Hawaii. Hualalai rose above sea level about 300,000 years ago. Last erupted in 1801, Hualalai is still active and may erupt again within the next century, which will be a rude shock to the town of Kailua-Kona built on its flanks. For colorful sunset views of the Saddle Road region, walk 1 mile round trip (160 ft gain) to the cinder cone of Pu'u Kalepeamoa, or Sunset Hill, from the Onizuka Center for International Astronomy Mauna Kea Visitor Information Station at 9200 ft elevation. About a million years old and last erupted 6000 to 4000 years ago, Mauna Kea is a dormant volcano on the Big Island of Hawaii, USA. Mauna Kea stands 13,800 feet above sea level and is the highest point in the state of Hawaii. Measured from its base on the ocean floor, it rises over 33,000 ft, significantly greater than the elevation of Mount Everest above sea level. Paving ends at the Visitor Info Station, and four-wheel drive is recommended to reach the top, where Mauna Kea summit's dry, clear, stable air makes one of the world's best sites for astronomy.
    1701HAW-2639.jpg
  • Eat healthy papaya boats and banana bread for breakfast in the dining room overlooking a tree fern forest at Volcano Inn, on the Big Island, Hawaii, USA. Address: 19-3820 Old Volcano Rd, Volcano, HI 96785
    1701HAW-2311.jpg
  • Villarrica, one of Chile's most active volcanoes, rises to 2847 meters (or 9341 ft) elevation in Villarrica National Park in the Andes mountain range, above the lake and town of the same name, in the Los Lagos Region, Zona Austral, Chile, South America. Cattle wander in front of a car on a gravel access road. The volcano is also known as Rucapillán, a Mapuche word meaning "House of the Pillán." Villarrica, with its lava of basaltic-andesitic composition, is one of only five volcanoes worldwide known to have an active lava lake within its crater. The volcano usually generates strombolian eruptions, with ejection of incandescent pyroclasts and lava flows. Melting of snow and glacier ice as well as rainfalls often cause massive lahars (mud and debris flows), such as during the eruptions of 1964 and 1971. What international tourist literature calls the "Chilean Lake District" usually refers to the Andean foothills between Temuco and Puerto Montt including three Regions (XIV Los Ríos, IX La Araucanía, and X Los Lagos) in what Chile calls the Zona Sur (Southern Zone). In Chile, Patagonia includes the territory of Valdivia through Tierra del Fuego archipelago. Spanning both Argentina and Chile, the foot of South America is known as Patagonia, a name derived from coastal giants ("Patagão" or "Patagoni" who were actually Tehuelche native people who averaged 25 cm taller than the Spaniards) who were reported by Magellan's 1520s voyage circumnavigating the world.
    93CHI-16-33_Volcan-Villarica.jpg
  • Llaima volcano rises to 3125 meters elevation (10,253 feet) in Conguillio National Park in the Andes mountain range, near Temuco, Araucanía Region, Chile, South America. Volcan Llaima is one of the largest and most active volcanoes in Chile. The ski center Las Araucarias lies on the volcano's western slopes. What international tourist literature calls the "Chilean Lake District" usually refers to the Andean foothills between Temuco and Puerto Montt including three Regions (XIV Los Ríos, IX La Araucanía, and X Los Lagos) in what Chile calls the Zona Sur (Southern Zone).
    93CHI-08-26_Volcan-Llaima_Conguillio...jpg
  • Eat healthy papaya boats and banana bread for breakfast at Volcano Inn, on the Big Island, Hawaii, USA. Address: 19-3820 Old Volcano Rd, Volcano, HI 96785
    1701HAW-2686.jpg
  • Silhouetted people on Mauna Kea's Sunset Hill admire the crescent moon and rays of twilight fading from orange to dark blue behind Hualalai volcano. Hualalai (8271 feet elevation) is the westernmost and third-youngest of the five shield volcanoes that form the Big Island of Hawaii. Hualalai rose above sea level about 300,000 years ago. Last erupted in 1801, Hualalai is still active and may erupt again within the next century, which will be a rude shock to the town of Kailua-Kona built on its flanks. For colorful sunset views of the Saddle Road region, walk 1 mile round trip (160 ft gain) to the cinder cone of Pu'u Kalepeamoa, or Sunset Hill, from the Onizuka Center for International Astronomy Mauna Kea Visitor Information Station at 9200 ft elevation. About a million years old and last erupted 6000 to 4000 years ago, Mauna Kea is a dormant volcano on the Big Island of Hawaii, USA. Mauna Kea stands 13,800 feet above sea level and is the highest point in the state of Hawaii. Measured from its base on the ocean floor, it rises over 33,000 ft, significantly greater than the elevation of Mount Everest above sea level. Paving ends at the Visitor Info Station, and four-wheel drive is recommended to reach the top, where Mauna Kea summit's dry, clear, stable air makes one of the world's best sites for astronomy.
    1701HAW-2654.jpg
  • Rays of twilight fade from orange to dark blue behind Hualalai volcano seen by a silhouetted person on Mauna Kea's Sunset Hill. Hualalai (8271 feet elevation) is the westernmost and third-youngest of the five shield volcanoes that form the Big Island of Hawaii. Hualalai rose above sea level about 300,000 years ago. Last erupted in 1801, Hualalai is still active and may erupt again within the next century, which will be a rude shock to the town of Kailua-Kona built on its flanks. For colorful sunset views of the Saddle Road region, walk 1 mile round trip (160 ft gain) to the cinder cone of Pu'u Kalepeamoa, or Sunset Hill, from the Onizuka Center for International Astronomy Mauna Kea Visitor Information Station at 9200 ft elevation. About a million years old and last erupted 6000 to 4000 years ago, Mauna Kea is a dormant volcano on the Big Island of Hawaii, USA. Mauna Kea stands 13,800 feet above sea level and is the highest point in the state of Hawaii. Measured from its base on the ocean floor, it rises over 33,000 ft, significantly greater than the elevation of Mount Everest above sea level. Paving ends at the Visitor Info Station, and four-wheel drive is recommended to reach the top, where Mauna Kea summit's dry, clear, stable air makes one of the world's best sites for astronomy.
    1701HAW-2659.jpg
  • Rays of twilight fade from orange to dark blue behind distant Hualalai volcano seen by silhouetted people on Mauna Kea's Sunset Hill. Hualalai (8271 feet elevation) is the westernmost and third-youngest of the five shield volcanoes that form the Big Island of Hawaii. Hualalai rose above sea level about 300,000 years ago. Last erupted in 1801, Hualalai is still active and may erupt again within the next century, which will be a rude shock to the town of Kailua-Kona built on its flanks. For colorful sunset views of the Saddle Road region, walk 1 mile round trip (160 ft gain) to the cinder cone of Pu'u Kalepeamoa, or Sunset Hill, from the Onizuka Center for International Astronomy Mauna Kea Visitor Information Station at 9200 ft elevation. About a million years old and last erupted 6000 to 4000 years ago, Mauna Kea is a dormant volcano on the Big Island of Hawaii, USA. Mauna Kea stands 13,800 feet above sea level and is the highest point in the state of Hawaii. Measured from its base on the ocean floor, it rises over 33,000 ft, significantly greater than the elevation of Mount Everest above sea level. Paving ends at the Visitor Info Station, and four-wheel drive is recommended to reach the top, where Mauna Kea summit's dry, clear, stable air makes one of the world's best sites for astronomy.
    1701HAW-2651.jpg
  • Silhouetted people on Mauna Kea's Sunset Hill admire the crescent moon and rays of twilight fading from orange to dark blue behind Hualalai volcano. Hualalai (8271 feet elevation) is the westernmost and third-youngest of the five shield volcanoes that form the Big Island of Hawaii. Hualalai rose above sea level about 300,000 years ago. Last erupted in 1801, Hualalai is still active and may erupt again within the next century, which will be a rude shock to the town of Kailua-Kona built on its flanks. For colorful sunset views of the Saddle Road region, walk 1 mile round trip (160 ft gain) to the cinder cone of Pu'u Kalepeamoa, or Sunset Hill, from the Onizuka Center for International Astronomy Mauna Kea Visitor Information Station at 9200 ft elevation. About a million years old and last erupted 6000 to 4000 years ago, Mauna Kea is a dormant volcano on the Big Island of Hawaii, USA. Mauna Kea stands 13,800 feet above sea level and is the highest point in the state of Hawaii. Measured from its base on the ocean floor, it rises over 33,000 ft, significantly greater than the elevation of Mount Everest above sea level. Paving ends at the Visitor Info Station, and four-wheel drive is recommended to reach the top, where Mauna Kea summit's dry, clear, stable air makes one of the world's best sites for astronomy.
    1701HAW-2652.jpg
  • Eat healthy papaya boats and banana bread for breakfast at Volcano Inn, on the Big Island, Hawaii, USA. Address: 19-3820 Old Volcano Rd, Volcano, HI 96785
    1701HAW-2314.jpg
  • Eat healthy papaya boats and banana bread for breakfast at Volcano Inn, on the Big Island, Hawaii, USA. Address: 19-3820 Old Volcano Rd, Volcano, HI 96785
    1701HAW-2309.jpg
  • Anthurium andraeanum (Flamingo Flower) is an ornamental garden plant and houseplant, native to shady, humid tropical forests of Colombia and Ecuador. Projecting from a bright red heart-shaped spathe (a type of bract), the spike of its long white spadix has a yellow tip. The plants are poisonous and contain calcium oxalate crystals, which can cause severe mouth irritation and swelling if ingested. The Volcano Inn has beautiful flower landscaping in a lush cloud forest, on the Big Island, Hawaii, USA. Address: 19-3820 Old Volcano Rd, Volcano, HI 96785
    1701HAW-2175.jpg
  • Red orange flowers in garden at the attractive Volcano Inn, on the Big Island, Hawaii, USA. Address: 19-3820 Old Volcano Rd, Volcano, HI 96785
    1701HAW-2174.jpg
  • Mount Nantai, Nikko's sacred volcano. Lake Chuzenji (Chuzenjiko) is a scenic lake in the mountains above the town of Nikko, in Tochigi Prefecture, Japan. Chuzenjiko is at the foot of Mount Nantai, Nikko's sacred volcano, whose eruption blocked the valley below, thereby creating Lake Chuzenji 20,000 years ago. Chuzenjiko's shores are mostly undeveloped and forested except at the eastern end where the growing hot spring town of Chuzenjiko Onsen was built. Chuzenjiko is especially beautiful in mid to late October, when the autumn colors reach their peak along the lake's shores and surrounding mountains. See panoramic views of Lake Chuzenji along the Chuzenjiko Skyline, an eight kilometer long former toll road accessible by bus or car, which also connects to scenic hiking trails. This image was stitched from multiple overlapping photos.
    1810JPN-4116-p1-Pano.jpg
  • Mount Nantai, Nikko's sacred volcano. Lake Chuzenji (Chuzenjiko) is a scenic lake in the mountains above the town of Nikko, in Tochigi Prefecture, Japan. Chuzenjiko is at the foot of Mount Nantai, Nikko's sacred volcano, whose eruption blocked the valley below, thereby creating Lake Chuzenji 20,000 years ago. Chuzenjiko's shores are mostly undeveloped and forested except at the eastern end where the growing hot spring town of Chuzenjiko Onsen was built. Chuzenjiko is especially beautiful in mid to late October, when the autumn colors reach their peak along the lake's shores and surrounding mountains. See panoramic views of Lake Chuzenji along the Chuzenjiko Skyline, an eight kilometer long former toll road accessible by bus or car, which also connects to scenic hiking trails.
    1810JPN-4114.jpg
  • Sky fades from orange to dark blue at twilight in the distance behind Hualalai volcano seen from Mauna Kea's Sunset Hill. Hualalai (8271 feet elevation, the small bump in the far distance) is the westernmost and third-youngest of the five shield volcanoes that form the island of Hawaii. Hualalai rose above sea level about 300,000 years ago. Last erupted in 1801, Hualalai is still active and may erupt again within the next century, which will be a rude shock to the town of Kailua-Kona built on its flanks. For colorful sunset views of the Saddle Road region, walk 1 mile round trip (160 ft gain) to the cinder cone of Pu'u Kalepeamoa, or Sunset Hill, from the Onizuka Center for International Astronomy Mauna Kea Visitor Information Station at 9200 ft elevation. About a million years old and last erupted 6000 to 4000 years ago, Mauna Kea is a dormant volcano on the Big Island of Hawaii, USA. Mauna Kea stands 13,800 feet above sea level and is the highest point in the state of Hawaii. Measured from its base on the ocean floor, it rises over 33,000 ft, significantly greater than the elevation of Mount Everest above sea level. Paving ends at the Visitor Info Station, and four-wheel drive is recommended to reach the top, where Mauna Kea summit's dry, clear, stable air makes one of the world's best sites for astronomy.
    1701HAW-2665.jpg
  • The day after we cruised by the eruption of La Cumbre volcano on Fernandina, our boat was covered with small glass pellets with threaded tails. On April 21, 2009, we saw La Cumbre volcano erupting with a fountain of lava creating a red river flowing into the Pacific Ocean, expanding Fernandina (Narborough) Island, in the Galápagos Islands, a province of Ecuador, South America. This eruption cycle started April 10, 2009 after 5 years of quiet. Fernandina Island was named in honor of King Ferdinand II of Aragon, who sponsored the voyage of Columbus. Fernandina is the youngest and westernmost island of the Galápagos archipelago, and has a maximum altitude of 1,494 metres (4,902 feet). Tourists are allowed to visit Punta Espinosa, a narrow stretch of land where hundreds of Marine Iguanas gather largely on black lava rocks. The Flightless Cormorant, Galápagos Penguins, Pelicans and Sea Lions are abundant on this island of lava flows and Mangrove Forests.
    09EQUCIMG_3515_Galapagos.jpg
  • The orange sun sets behind Hualalai (8271 feet elevation) seen from Mauna Kea's Sunset Hill. Hualalai is the westernmost and third-youngest of the five shield volcanoes that form the island of Hawaii. Hualalai rose above sea level about 300,000 years ago. Last erupted in 1801, Hualalai is still active and may erupt again within the next century, which will be a rude shock to the town of Kailua-Kona built on its flanks. For colorful sunset views of the Saddle Road region, walk 1 mile round trip (160 ft gain) to the cinder cone of Pu'u Kalepeamoa, or Sunset Hill, from the Onizuka Center for International Astronomy Mauna Kea Visitor Information Station at 9200 ft elevation. About a million years old and last erupted 6000 to 4000 years ago, Mauna Kea is a dormant volcano on the Big Island of Hawaii, USA. Mauna Kea stands 13,800 feet above sea level and is the highest point in the state of Hawaii. Measured from its base on the ocean floor, it rises over 33,000 ft, significantly greater than the elevation of Mount Everest above sea level. Paving ends at the Visitor Info Station, and four-wheel drive is recommended to reach the top, where Mauna Kea summit's dry, clear, stable air makes one of the world's best sites for astronomy. This image was stitched from multiple overlapping images.
    1701HAW-2623-24-Pano.jpg
  • The orange sun sets behind Hualalai (8271 feet elevation) seen from Mauna Kea's Sunset Hill. Hualalai is the westernmost and third-youngest of the five shield volcanoes that form the island of Hawaii. Hualalai rose above sea level about 300,000 years ago. Last erupted in 1801, Hualalai is still active and may erupt again within the next century, which will be a rude shock to the town of Kailua-Kona built on its flanks. For colorful sunset views of the Saddle Road region, walk 1 mile round trip (160 ft gain) to the cinder cone of Pu'u Kalepeamoa, or Sunset Hill, from the Onizuka Center for International Astronomy Mauna Kea Visitor Information Station at 9200 ft elevation. About a million years old and last erupted 6000 to 4000 years ago, Mauna Kea is a dormant volcano on the Big Island of Hawaii, USA. Mauna Kea stands 13,800 feet above sea level and is the highest point in the state of Hawaii. Measured from its base on the ocean floor, it rises over 33,000 ft, significantly greater than the elevation of Mount Everest above sea level. Paving ends at the Visitor Info Station, and four-wheel drive is recommended to reach the top, where Mauna Kea summit's dry, clear, stable air makes one of the world's best sites for astronomy. This image was stitched from multiple overlapping images.
    1701HAW-2619-20-Pano.jpg
  • Spectacular Osorno Volcano rises rises to 2652 meters (or 8701 feet elevation) above green forest in the Andes mountain range, between Osorno Province and Llanquihue Province, in Los Lagos Region, Chile, South America. Volcan Osorno is one of the most active volcanoes of the southern Chilean Andes, with 11 historical eruptions recorded between 1575 and 1869, where basalt and andesite lava flows reached Lakes Llanquihue and Todos los Santos. Osorno sits on top of a 250,000-year-old eroded stratovolcano, La Picada, with a 6-km-wide caldera. Despite its modest altitude and mid latitude, the cone of Volcan Osorno is covered by glaciers deposited by heavy snowfall wrung from the moist maritime climate. What international tourist literature calls the "Chilean Lake District" usually refers to the Andean foothills between Temuco and Puerto Montt including three Regions (XIV Los Ríos, IX La Araucanía, and X Los Lagos) in what Chile calls the Zona Sur (Southern Zone).
    93CHI-14-07_Volcan-Osorno-fog.jpg
  • April 21, 2009: La Cumbre volcano erupts lava into the Pacific Ocean, expanding Fernandina (Narborough) Island, in the Galápagos Islands, a province of Ecuador, South America. This eruption cycle started April 10, 2009 after 5 years of quiet. Fernandina Island was named in honor of King Ferdinand II of Aragon, who sponsored the voyage of Columbus. Fernandina is the youngest and westernmost island of the Galápagos archipelago, and has a maximum altitude of 1,494 metres (4,902 feet). Tourists are allowed to visit Punta Espinosa, a narrow stretch of land where hundreds of Marine Iguanas gather largely on black lava rocks. The Flightless Cormorant, Galápagos Penguins, Pelicans and Sea Lions are abundant on this island of lava flows and Mangrove Forests. The volcanic Galápagos Islands (officially Archipiélago de Colón, otherwise called Islas de Colón, Islas Galápagos, or Enchanted Islands) are distributed along the equator in the Pacific Ocean 972 km west of continental Ecuador, South America.
    09ECU-4137_Galapagos.jpg
  • April 21, 2009: La Cumbre volcano erupts lava into the Pacific Ocean creating steam clouds and expanding Fernandina (Narborough) Island, in the Galápagos Islands, a province of Ecuador, South America. This eruption cycle started April 10, 2009 after 5 years of quiet. Fernandina Island was named in honor of King Ferdinand II of Aragon, who sponsored the voyage of Columbus. Fernandina is the youngest and westernmost island of the Galápagos archipelago, and has a maximum altitude of 1,494 metres (4,902 feet). Tourists are allowed to visit Punta Espinosa, a narrow stretch of land where hundreds of Marine Iguanas gather largely on black lava rocks. The Flightless Cormorant, Galápagos Penguins, Pelicans and Sea Lions are abundant on this island of lava flows and Mangrove Forests. The volcanic Galápagos Islands (officially Archipiélago de Colón, otherwise called Islas de Colón, Islas Galápagos, or Enchanted Islands) are distributed along the equator in the Pacific Ocean 972 km west of continental Ecuador, South America. In 1959, Ecuador declared 97% of the land area of the Galápagos Islands to be Galápagos National Park, which UNESCO registered as a World Heritage Site in 1978. Ecuador created the Galápagos Marine Reserve in 1998, which UNESCO appended in 2001.
    09ECU-3818_Galapagos.jpg
  • April 21, 2009: La Cumbre volcano erupts lava into the Pacific Ocean creating steam clouds and expanding Fernandina (Narborough) Island, in the Galápagos Islands, a province of Ecuador, South America. This eruption cycle started April 10, 2009 after 5 years of quiet. Fernandina Island was named in honor of King Ferdinand II of Aragon, who sponsored the voyage of Columbus. Fernandina is the youngest and westernmost island of the Galápagos archipelago, and has a maximum altitude of 1,494 metres (4,902 feet). Tourists are allowed to visit Punta Espinosa, a narrow stretch of land where hundreds of Marine Iguanas gather largely on black lava rocks. The Flightless Cormorant, Galápagos Penguins, Pelicans and Sea Lions are abundant on this island of lava flows and Mangrove Forests. The volcanic Galápagos Islands (officially Archipiélago de Colón, otherwise called Islas de Colón, Islas Galápagos, or Enchanted Islands) are distributed along the equator in the Pacific Ocean 972 km west of continental Ecuador, South America. In 1959, Ecuador declared 97% of the land area of the Galápagos Islands to be Galápagos National Park, which UNESCO registered as a World Heritage Site in 1978. Ecuador created the Galápagos Marine Reserve in 1998, which UNESCO appended in 2001.
    09ECU-3794_Galapagos.jpg
  • The Southern Ocean (Antarctic Ocean) washes onto a black sand beach on Deception Island, in the South Shetland Islands, near the Antarctic Peninsula, Antarctica. Deception Island is the caldera of an active volcano, which caused serious damage to local scientific stations in 1967 and 1969. The island previously held a whaling station and is now a tourist destination and scientific outpost, with research bases run by Argentina and Spain. The island is administered under the Antarctic Treaty System. The surrounding sea is closed by ice from early April to early December. Panorama was stitched from 3 overlapping photos.
    05ANT-30001-1911-13pan_Deception-Isl...jpg
  • April 21, 2009: La Cumbre volcano erupts lava into the Pacific Ocean, expanding Fernandina (Narborough) Island, in the Galápagos Islands, a province of Ecuador, South America. This eruption cycle started April 10, 2009 after 5 years of quiet. Fernandina Island was named in honor of King Ferdinand II of Aragon, who sponsored the voyage of Columbus. Fernandina is the youngest and westernmost island of the Galápagos archipelago, and has a maximum altitude of 1,494 metres (4,902 feet). Tourists are allowed to visit Punta Espinosa, a narrow stretch of land where hundreds of Marine Iguanas gather largely on black lava rocks. The Flightless Cormorant, Galápagos Penguins, Pelicans and Sea Lions are abundant on this island of lava flows and Mangrove Forests. The volcanic Galápagos Islands (officially Archipiélago de Colón, otherwise called Islas de Colón, Islas Galápagos, or Enchanted Islands) are distributed along the equator in the Pacific Ocean 972 km west of continental Ecuador, South America.
    09ECU-4128_Galapagos.jpg
  • April 21, 2009: La Cumbre volcano erupts lava into the Pacific Ocean, expanding Fernandina (Narborough) Island, in the Galápagos Islands, a province of Ecuador, South America. This eruption cycle started April 10, 2009 after 5 years of quiet. Fernandina Island was named in honor of King Ferdinand II of Aragon, who sponsored the voyage of Columbus. Fernandina is the youngest and westernmost island of the Galápagos archipelago, and has a maximum altitude of 1,494 metres (4,902 feet). Tourists are allowed to visit Punta Espinosa, a narrow stretch of land where hundreds of Marine Iguanas gather largely on black lava rocks. The Flightless Cormorant, Galápagos Penguins, Pelicans and Sea Lions are abundant on this island of lava flows and Mangrove Forests. The volcanic Galápagos Islands (officially Archipiélago de Colón, otherwise called Islas de Colón, Islas Galápagos, or Enchanted Islands) are distributed along the equator in the Pacific Ocean 972 km west of continental Ecuador, South America.
    09ECU-4032_Galapagos.jpg
  • April 21, 2009: La Cumbre volcano erupts with a fountain of lava creating a red river flowing into the Pacific Ocean, thereby expanding Fernandina (Narborough) Island, in the Galápagos Islands, a province of Ecuador, South America. This eruption cycle started April 10, 2009 after 5 years of quiet. Fernandina Island was named in honor of King Ferdinand II of Aragon, who sponsored the voyage of Columbus. Fernandina is the youngest and westernmost island of the Galápagos archipelago, and has a maximum altitude of 1,494 metres (4,902 feet). Tourists are allowed to visit Punta Espinosa, a narrow stretch of land where hundreds of Marine Iguanas gather largely on black lava rocks. The Flightless Cormorant, Galápagos Penguins, Pelicans and Sea Lions are abundant on this island of lava flows and Mangrove Forests.
    09ECU-4029_Galapagos.jpg
  • April 21, 2009: La Cumbre volcano erupts a fountain of lava creating a red river flowing into the Pacific Ocean, expanding Fernandina (Narborough) Island, in the Galápagos Islands, a province of Ecuador, South America. This eruption cycle started April 10, 2009 after 5 years of quiet. Fernandina Island was named in honor of King Ferdinand II of Aragon, who sponsored the voyage of Columbus. Fernandina is the youngest and westernmost island of the Galápagos archipelago, and has a maximum altitude of 1,494 metres (4,902 feet). Tourists are allowed to visit Punta Espinosa, a narrow stretch of land where hundreds of Marine Iguanas gather largely on black lava rocks. The Flightless Cormorant, Galápagos Penguins, Pelicans and Sea Lions are abundant on this island of lava flows and Mangrove Forests. Published in "Light Travel: Photography on the Go" book by Tom Dempsey 2009, 2010.
    09ECU-4025_Galapagos.jpg
  • April 21, 2009: La Cumbre volcano erupts lava into the Pacific Ocean creating steam clouds and expanding Fernandina (Narborough) Island, in the Galápagos Islands, a province of Ecuador, South America. This eruption cycle started April 10, 2009 after 5 years of quiet. Fernandina Island was named in honor of King Ferdinand II of Aragon, who sponsored the voyage of Columbus. Fernandina is the youngest and westernmost island of the Galápagos archipelago, and has a maximum altitude of 1,494 metres (4,902 feet). In 1959, Ecuador declared 97% of the land area of the Galápagos Islands to be Galápagos National Park, which UNESCO registered as a World Heritage Site in 1978. Ecuador created the Galápagos Marine Reserve in 1998, which UNESCO appended in 2001.
    09ECU-3820_Galapagos.jpg
  • April 21, 2009: La Cumbre volcano erupts lava into the Pacific Ocean, expanding Fernandina (Narborough) Island, in the Galápagos Islands, a province of Ecuador, South America. This eruption cycle started April 10, 2009 after 5 years of quiet. Fernandina Island was named in honor of King Ferdinand II of Aragon, who sponsored the voyage of Columbus. Fernandina is the youngest and westernmost island of the Galápagos archipelago, and has a maximum altitude of 1,494 metres (4,902 feet). Tourists are allowed to visit Punta Espinosa, a narrow stretch of land where hundreds of Marine Iguanas gather largely on black lava rocks. The Flightless Cormorant, Galápagos Penguins, Pelicans and Sea Lions are abundant on this island of lava flows and Mangrove Forests. The volcanic Galápagos Islands (officially Archipiélago de Colón, otherwise called Islas de Colón, Islas Galápagos, or Enchanted Islands) are distributed along the equator in the Pacific Ocean 972 km west of continental Ecuador, South America.
    09ECU-3795_Galapagos.jpg
  • April 21, 2009: La Cumbre volcano erupts lava into the Pacific Ocean creating steam clouds and expanding Fernandina (Narborough) Island, in the Galápagos Islands, a province of Ecuador, South America. This eruption cycle started April 10, 2009 after 5 years of quiet. Fernandina Island was named in honor of King Ferdinand II of Aragon, who sponsored the voyage of Columbus. Fernandina is the youngest and westernmost island of the Galápagos archipelago, and has a maximum altitude of 1,494 metres (4,902 feet). Tourists are allowed to visit Punta Espinosa, a narrow stretch of land where hundreds of Marine Iguanas gather largely on black lava rocks. The Flightless Cormorant, Galápagos Penguins, Pelicans and Sea Lions are abundant on this island of lava flows and Mangrove Forests. The volcanic Galápagos Islands (officially Archipiélago de Colón, otherwise called Islas de Colón, Islas Galápagos, or Enchanted Islands) are distributed along the equator in the Pacific Ocean 972 km west of continental Ecuador, South America. In 1959, Ecuador declared 97% of the land area of the Galápagos Islands to be Galápagos National Park, which UNESCO registered as a World Heritage Site in 1978. Ecuador created the Galápagos Marine Reserve in 1998, which UNESCO appended in 2001.
    09ECU-3782_Galapagos.jpg
  • April 21, 2009: La Cumbre volcano erupts lava into the Pacific Ocean creating steam clouds and expanding Fernandina (Narborough) Island, in the Galápagos Islands, a province of Ecuador, South America. This eruption cycle started April 10, 2009 after 5 years of quiet. Fernandina Island was named in honor of King Ferdinand II of Aragon, who sponsored the voyage of Columbus. Fernandina is the youngest and westernmost island of the Galápagos archipelago, and has a maximum altitude of 1,494 metres (4,902 feet). Tourists are allowed to visit Punta Espinosa, a narrow stretch of land where hundreds of Marine Iguanas gather largely on black lava rocks. The Flightless Cormorant, Galápagos Penguins, Pelicans and Sea Lions are abundant on this island of lava flows and Mangrove Forests. The volcanic Galápagos Islands (officially Archipiélago de Colón, otherwise called Islas de Colón, Islas Galápagos, or Enchanted Islands) are distributed along the equator in the Pacific Ocean 972 km west of continental Ecuador, South America. In 1959, Ecuador declared 97% of the land area of the Galápagos Islands to be Galápagos National Park, which UNESCO registered as a World Heritage Site in 1978. Ecuador created the Galápagos Marine Reserve in 1998, which UNESCO appended in 2001.
    09ECU-3457_Galapagos.jpg
  • Hike up a mud flow through green forest to spectacular Osorno Volcano in the Andes mountain range, in Los Lagos Region, Chile, South America. This stratovolcano rises to 2652 meters (or 8701 feet elevation) between Osorno Province and Llanquihue Province. Volcan Osorno is one of the most active volcanoes of the southern Chilean Andes, with 11 historical eruptions recorded between 1575 and 1869, where basalt and andesite lava flows reached Lakes Llanquihue and Todos los Santos. Osorno sits on top of a 250,000-year-old eroded stratovolcano, La Picada, with a 6-km-wide caldera. Despite its modest altitude and latitude, the cone of Volcan Osorno is covered by glaciers deposited by heavy snowfall wrung from the moist maritime climate. What international tourist literature calls the "Chilean Lake District" usually refers to the Andean foothills between Temuco and Puerto Montt including three Regions (XIV Los Ríos, IX La Araucanía, and X Los Lagos) in what Chile calls the Zona Sur (Southern Zone).
    93CHI-14-11_Volcan-Osorno.jpg
  • We enjoyed a corner Window Plus room with kitchenette for 5 nights at Volcano Inn, a great central base for visiting the Big Island, Hawaii, USA. This image was stitched from multiple overlapping images.
    1701HAW-2179-83-Pano.jpg
  • The rim of the ancient exploded Mount Mazama volcano reflects in the deep blue lake at Crater Lake National Park, Oregon, USA. Snow covers most of Wizard Island. Published in "Light Travel: Photography on the Go" book by Tom Dempsey 2009, 2010. Panorama stitched from 3 images.
    04CRA0041-43pan_Crater-Lake.jpg
  • House isolated by lava field in Hawaii Volcanoes National Park, just west of Kalapana, Hawaii, USA. In the background, on Kilauea volcano's south flank, smoke rises from lava flowing from Pu'u O'o crater, which has been erupting continuously since 1983, making it the world's longest-lived rift-zone (flank) eruption of the last 200 years. The eruption has consumed 189 buildings and 8.7 miles of highway. Since 1987, the coastal highway has been closed, buried under lava up to 115 feet thick. After June 30, 2016, the County of Hawaii opened a section of the emergency road/Highway 130 to lava viewing (8 miles round trip, open 3pm-9pm), limiting vehicles to bicycles (rented at the roadblock in Kalapana for $15+ for 3 hours), local residents' cars, and emergency vehicles. See updates at: USGS Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO) http://hvo.wr.usgs.gov and www.hawaiicounty.gov/lava-viewing/. Kilauea is between 300,000 and 600,000 years old and emerged above sea level about 100,000 years ago. This image was stitched from multiple overlapping images.
    1701HAW-2990-91-Pano.jpg
  • Glowing lava exits a lava tube, jets into the ocean, and explodes at Kamokuna, enlarging the Big Island, in Hawaii Volcanoes National Park, just west of Kalapana, Hawaii, USA, on February 1, 2017. On Kilauea volcano's south flank, Pu'u O'o crater has been erupting continuously since 1983, making it the world's longest-lived rift-zone (flank) eruption of the last 200 years. The eruption has consumed 189 buildings and 8.7 miles of highway. Since 1987, the coastal highway has been closed, buried under lava up to 115 feet thick. After June 30, 2016, the County of Hawaii opened a section of the emergency road/Highway 130 to lava viewing (8 miles round trip, open 3pm-9pm), limiting vehicles to bicycles (rented at the roadblock in Kalapana for $15+ for 3 hours), local residents' cars, and emergency vehicles. See updates at: USGS Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO) http://hvo.wr.usgs.gov and www.hawaiicounty.gov/lava-viewing/. Kilauea is between 300,000 and 600,000 years old and emerged above sea level about 100,000 years ago.
    1701HAW-3080.jpg
  • Glowing lava exits a lava tube, jets into the ocean, and explodes at Kamokuna, enlarging the Big Island, in Hawaii Volcanoes National Park, just west of Kalapana, Hawaii, USA, on February 1, 2017. On Kilauea volcano's south flank, Pu'u O'o crater has been erupting continuously since 1983, making it the world's longest-lived rift-zone (flank) eruption of the last 200 years. The eruption has consumed 189 buildings and 8.7 miles of highway. Since 1987, the coastal highway has been closed, buried under lava up to 115 feet thick. After June 30, 2016, the County of Hawaii opened a section of the emergency road/Highway 130 to lava viewing (8 miles round trip, open 3pm-9pm), limiting vehicles to bicycles (rented at the roadblock in Kalapana for $15+ for 3 hours), local residents' cars, and emergency vehicles. See updates at: USGS Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO) http://hvo.wr.usgs.gov and www.hawaiicounty.gov/lava-viewing/. Kilauea is between 300,000 and 600,000 years old and emerged above sea level about 100,000 years ago.
    1701HAW-3043.jpg
  • Glowing lava exits a lava tube, jets into the ocean, and explodes at Kamokuna, enlarging the Big Island, in Hawaii Volcanoes National Park, just west of Kalapana, Hawaii, USA, on February 1, 2017. On Kilauea volcano's south flank, Pu'u O'o crater has been erupting continuously since 1983, making it the world's longest-lived rift-zone (flank) eruption of the last 200 years. The eruption has consumed 189 buildings and 8.7 miles of highway. Since 1987, the coastal highway has been closed, buried under lava up to 115 feet thick. After June 30, 2016, the County of Hawaii opened a section of the emergency road/Highway 130 to lava viewing (8 miles round trip, open 3pm-9pm), limiting vehicles to bicycles (rented at the roadblock in Kalapana for $15+ for 3 hours), local residents' cars, and emergency vehicles. See updates at: USGS Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO) http://hvo.wr.usgs.gov and www.hawaiicounty.gov/lava-viewing/. Kilauea is between 300,000 and 600,000 years old and emerged above sea level about 100,000 years ago.
    1701HAW-3027.jpg
  • Bicyclists pedal through a barren black landscape on emergency road/Highway 130 towards lava which enters the ocean in Hawaii Volcanoes National Park, near Kalapana, Hawaii, USA. A sign reads "NO SHOULDER. 25 MPH." On Kilauea volcano's south flank, Pu'u O'o crater has been erupting continuously since 1983, making it the world's longest-lived rift-zone (flank) eruption of the last 200 years. The eruption has consumed 189 buildings and 8.7 miles of highway. Since 1987, the coastal highway has been closed, buried under lava up to 115 feet thick. After June 30, 2016, the County of Hawaii opened a section of the emergency road/Highway 130 to lava viewing (8 miles round trip, open 3pm-9pm), limiting vehicles to bicycles (rented at the roadblock in Kalapana for $15+ for 3 hours), local residents' cars, and emergency vehicles. See updates at: USGS Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO) http://hvo.wr.usgs.gov and www.hawaiicounty.gov/lava-viewing/. Kilauea is between 300,000 and 600,000 years old and emerged above sea level about 100,000 years ago.
    1701HAWC-204.jpg
  • Glowing lava exits a lava tube, jets into the ocean, and explodes at Kamokuna, enlarging the Big Island, in Hawaii Volcanoes National Park, just west of Kalapana, Hawaii, USA, on February 1, 2017. On Kilauea volcano's south flank, Pu'u O'o crater has been erupting continuously since 1983, making it the world's longest-lived rift-zone (flank) eruption of the last 200 years. The eruption has consumed 189 buildings and 8.7 miles of highway. Since 1987, the coastal highway has been closed, buried under lava up to 115 feet thick. After June 30, 2016, the County of Hawaii opened a section of the emergency road/Highway 130 to lava viewing (8 miles round trip, open 3pm-9pm), limiting vehicles to bicycles (rented at the roadblock in Kalapana for $15+ for 3 hours), local residents' cars, and emergency vehicles. See updates at: USGS Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO) http://hvo.wr.usgs.gov and www.hawaiicounty.gov/lava-viewing/. Kilauea is between 300,000 and 600,000 years old and emerged above sea level about 100,000 years ago.
    1701HAW-3110.jpg
  • Glowing lava exits a lava tube, jets into the ocean, and explodes at Kamokuna, enlarging the Big Island, in Hawaii Volcanoes National Park, just west of Kalapana, Hawaii, USA, on February 1, 2017. On Kilauea volcano's south flank, Pu'u O'o crater has been erupting continuously since 1983, making it the world's longest-lived rift-zone (flank) eruption of the last 200 years. The eruption has consumed 189 buildings and 8.7 miles of highway. Since 1987, the coastal highway has been closed, buried under lava up to 115 feet thick. After June 30, 2016, the County of Hawaii opened a section of the emergency road/Highway 130 to lava viewing (8 miles round trip, open 3pm-9pm), limiting vehicles to bicycles (rented at the roadblock in Kalapana for $15+ for 3 hours), local residents' cars, and emergency vehicles. See updates at: USGS Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO) http://hvo.wr.usgs.gov and www.hawaiicounty.gov/lava-viewing/. Kilauea is between 300,000 and 600,000 years old and emerged above sea level about 100,000 years ago.
    1701HAW-3049.jpg
  • Glowing lava exits a lava tube, jets into the ocean, and explodes at Kamokuna, enlarging the Big Island, in Hawaii Volcanoes National Park, just west of Kalapana, Hawaii, USA, on February 1, 2017. On Kilauea volcano's south flank, Pu'u O'o crater has been erupting continuously since 1983, making it the world's longest-lived rift-zone (flank) eruption of the last 200 years. The eruption has consumed 189 buildings and 8.7 miles of highway. Since 1987, the coastal highway has been closed, buried under lava up to 115 feet thick. After June 30, 2016, the County of Hawaii opened a section of the emergency road/Highway 130 to lava viewing (8 miles round trip, open 3pm-9pm), limiting vehicles to bicycles (rented at the roadblock in Kalapana for $15+ for 3 hours), local residents' cars, and emergency vehicles. See updates at: USGS Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO) http://hvo.wr.usgs.gov and www.hawaiicounty.gov/lava-viewing/. Kilauea is between 300,000 and 600,000 years old and emerged above sea level about 100,000 years ago.
    1701HAW-3076.jpg
  • Glowing lava exits a lava tube, jets into the ocean, and explodes at Kamokuna, enlarging the Big Island, in Hawaii Volcanoes National Park, just west of Kalapana, Hawaii, USA, on February 1, 2017. On Kilauea volcano's south flank, Pu'u O'o crater has been erupting continuously since 1983, making it the world's longest-lived rift-zone (flank) eruption of the last 200 years. The eruption has consumed 189 buildings and 8.7 miles of highway. Since 1987, the coastal highway has been closed, buried under lava up to 115 feet thick. After June 30, 2016, the County of Hawaii opened a section of the emergency road/Highway 130 to lava viewing (8 miles round trip, open 3pm-9pm), limiting vehicles to bicycles (rented at the roadblock in Kalapana for $15+ for 3 hours), local residents' cars, and emergency vehicles. See updates at: USGS Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO) http://hvo.wr.usgs.gov and www.hawaiicounty.gov/lava-viewing/. Kilauea is between 300,000 and 600,000 years old and emerged above sea level about 100,000 years ago.
    1701HAW-3024.jpg
  • Glowing lava exits a lava tube, jets into the ocean, and explodes at Kamokuna, enlarging the Big Island, in Hawaii Volcanoes National Park, just west of Kalapana, Hawaii, USA, on February 1, 2017. On Kilauea volcano's south flank, Pu'u O'o crater has been erupting continuously since 1983, making it the world's longest-lived rift-zone (flank) eruption of the last 200 years. The eruption has consumed 189 buildings and 8.7 miles of highway. Since 1987, the coastal highway has been closed, buried under lava up to 115 feet thick. After June 30, 2016, the County of Hawaii opened a section of the emergency road/Highway 130 to lava viewing (8 miles round trip, open 3pm-9pm), limiting vehicles to bicycles (rented at the roadblock in Kalapana for $15+ for 3 hours), local residents' cars, and emergency vehicles. See updates at: USGS Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO) http://hvo.wr.usgs.gov and www.hawaiicounty.gov/lava-viewing/. Kilauea is between 300,000 and 600,000 years old and emerged above sea level about 100,000 years ago.
    1701HAW-3023.jpg
  • Glowing lava exits a lava tube, jets into the ocean, and explodes at Kamokuna, enlarging the Big Island, in Hawaii Volcanoes National Park, just west of Kalapana, Hawaii, USA, on February 1, 2017. On Kilauea volcano's south flank, Pu'u O'o crater has been erupting continuously since 1983, making it the world's longest-lived rift-zone (flank) eruption of the last 200 years. The eruption has consumed 189 buildings and 8.7 miles of highway. Since 1987, the coastal highway has been closed, buried under lava up to 115 feet thick. After June 30, 2016, the County of Hawaii opened a section of the emergency road/Highway 130 to lava viewing (8 miles round trip, open 3pm-9pm), limiting vehicles to bicycles (rented at the roadblock in Kalapana for $15+ for 3 hours), local residents' cars, and emergency vehicles. See updates at: USGS Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO) http://hvo.wr.usgs.gov and www.hawaiicounty.gov/lava-viewing/. Kilauea is between 300,000 and 600,000 years old and emerged above sea level about 100,000 years ago.
    1701HAW-3008.jpg
  • Under a golden sunset, glowing lava exits a lava tube, jets into the ocean and explodes at Kamokuna, enlarging the Big Island, in Hawaii Volcanoes National Park, just west of Kalapana, Hawaii, USA, on February 1, 2017. On Kilauea volcano's south flank, Pu'u O'o crater has been erupting continuously since 1983, making it the world's longest-lived rift-zone (flank) eruption of the last 200 years. The eruption has consumed 189 buildings and 8.7 miles of highway. Since 1987, the coastal highway has been closed, buried under lava up to 115 feet thick. After June 30, 2016, the County of Hawaii opened a section of the emergency road/Highway 130 to lava viewing (8 miles round trip, open 3pm-9pm), limiting vehicles to bicycles (rented at the roadblock in Kalapana for $15+ for 3 hours), local residents' cars, and emergency vehicles. See updates at: USGS Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO) http://hvo.wr.usgs.gov and www.hawaiicounty.gov/lava-viewing/. Kilauea is between 300,000 and 600,000 years old and emerged above sea level about 100,000 years ago.
    1701HAW-3013.jpg
  • Lava patterns below the cliffs of Holei Pali, by Chain of Craters Road, Hawaii Volcanoes National Park, on the Big Island, Hawaii, USA. Established in 1916 and later expanded, the park (HVNP) encompasses two active volcanoes: Kilauea, one of the world's most active volcanoes, and Mauna Loa, the world's most massive shield volcano. The park portrays the birth of the Hawaiian Islands with dramatic volcanic landscapes, native flora and fauna, and glowing flowing lava. Most recently erupted in 1984, Mauna Loa may have emerged above sea level about 400,000 years ago and has likely been erupting for at least 700,000 years. Measured from its base on the ocean floor, it rises over 33,000 ft, significantly greater than the elevation of Mount Everest above sea level. HVNP is honored as a UNESCO World Heritage Site and International Biosphere Reserve.
    1701HAWC-190.jpg
  • Glowing lava exits a lava tube, jets into the ocean, and explodes at Kamokuna, enlarging the Big Island, in Hawaii Volcanoes National Park, just west of Kalapana, Hawaii, USA, on February 1, 2017. On Kilauea volcano's south flank, Pu'u O'o crater has been erupting continuously since 1983, making it the world's longest-lived rift-zone (flank) eruption of the last 200 years. The eruption has consumed 189 buildings and 8.7 miles of highway. Since 1987, the coastal highway has been closed, buried under lava up to 115 feet thick. After June 30, 2016, the County of Hawaii opened a section of the emergency road/Highway 130 to lava viewing (8 miles round trip, open 3pm-9pm), limiting vehicles to bicycles (rented at the roadblock in Kalapana for $15+ for 3 hours), local residents' cars, and emergency vehicles. See updates at: USGS Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO) http://hvo.wr.usgs.gov and www.hawaiicounty.gov/lava-viewing/. Kilauea is between 300,000 and 600,000 years old and emerged above sea level about 100,000 years ago.
    1701HAW-3031.jpg
  • Ropy pahoehoe lava patterns. Kalapana, Hawaii Volcanoes National Park, Big Island, Hawaii, USA. Established in 1916 and later expanded, the park (HVNP) encompasses two active volcanoes: Kilauea, one of the world's most active volcanoes, and Mauna Loa, the world's most massive shield volcano. The park portrays the birth of the Hawaiian Islands with dramatic volcanic landscapes, native flora and fauna, and glowing flowing lava. Most recently erupted in 1984, Mauna Loa may have emerged above sea level about 400,000 years ago and has likely been erupting for at least 700,000 years. Measured from its base on the ocean floor, it rises over 33,000 ft, significantly greater than the elevation of Mount Everest above sea level. HVNP is honored as a UNESCO World Heritage Site and International Biosphere Reserve.
    1701HAW-2997.jpg
  • Lava flow over old Chain of Craters Road, at the Holei Pali switchbacks, in Hawaii Volcanoes National Park, on the Big Island, Hawaii, USA. Established in 1916 and later expanded, the park (HVNP) encompasses two active volcanoes: Kilauea, one of the world's most active volcanoes, and Mauna Loa, the world's most massive shield volcano. The park portrays the birth of the Hawaiian Islands with dramatic volcanic landscapes, native flora and fauna, and glowing flowing lava. Most recently erupted in 1984, Mauna Loa may have emerged above sea level about 400,000 years ago and has likely been erupting for at least 700,000 years. Measured from its base on the ocean floor, it rises over 33,000 ft, significantly greater than the elevation of Mount Everest above sea level. HVNP is honored as a UNESCO World Heritage Site and International Biosphere Reserve.
    1701HAWC-185.jpg
  • Thurston Lava Tube entrance walkway, in Hawaii Volcanoes National Park, on the Big Island, Hawaii, USA. Established in 1916 and later expanded, the park (HVNP) encompasses two active volcanoes: Kilauea, one of the world's most active volcanoes, and Mauna Loa, the world's most massive shield volcano. The park portrays the birth of the Hawaiian Islands with dramatic volcanic landscapes, native flora and fauna, and glowing flowing lava. Most recently erupted in 1984, Mauna Loa may have emerged above sea level about 400,000 years ago and has likely been erupting for at least 700,000 years. Measured from its base on the ocean floor, it rises over 33,000 ft, significantly greater than the elevation of Mount Everest above sea level. HVNP is honored as a UNESCO World Heritage Site and International Biosphere Reserve.
    1701HAW-2693.jpg
  • Forest trail under Hawaiian Tree Fern / Hapu'u / Manfern / Cibotium genus. Hawaii Volcanoes National Park is on the Big Island, Hawaii, USA. Established in 1916 and later expanded, the park (HVNP) encompasses two active volcanoes: Kilauea, one of the world's most active volcanoes, and Mauna Loa, the world's most massive shield volcano. The park portrays the birth of the Hawaiian Islands with dramatic volcanic landscapes, native flora and fauna, and glowing flowing lava. Most recently erupted in 1984, Mauna Loa may have emerged above sea level about 400,000 years ago and has likely been erupting for at least 700,000 years. Measured from its base on the ocean floor, it rises over 33,000 ft, significantly greater than the elevation of Mount Everest above sea level. HVNP is honored as a UNESCO World Heritage Site and International Biosphere Reserve.
    1701HAW-2242.jpg
  • Dicranopteris linearis is known as Old World forked fern, uluhe (Hawaiian), dilim (Filipino), Climbing Fern, and False Staghorn. This fern is a keystone species in Hawaiian ecosystems and often forms deep thickets. Dicranopteris linearis is widely distributed in the wet Old World tropics, Polynesia and the Pacific. The stem grows from the rhizome, branches at a 45° angle, and forms fronds that continue to bud and branch at great length, 20+ feet. Intolerant of shade, it climbs over other plants to reach direct sunlight. As a pioneer species in ecological succession, it can colonize bare lava flows, talus, and abandoned roads. Where humans eliminate the fern, invasive non-native species of plants often move in. This fern photo is from Kilauea Iki pit crater, which last erupted in 1959, in Hawaii Volcanoes National Park, on the Big Island, Hawaii, USA. Established in 1916 and later expanded, the park (HVNP) encompasses two active volcanoes: Kilauea, one of the world's most active volcanoes, and Mauna Loa, the world's most massive shield volcano. The park portrays the birth of the Hawaiian Islands with dramatic volcanic landscapes, native flora and fauna, and glowing flowing lava. HVNP is honored as a UNESCO World Heritage Site and International Biosphere Reserve.
    1701HAW-2300.jpg
  • Sulphur Vents accumulate yellow crystals. Hawaii Volcanoes National Park, on the Big Island, Hawaii, USA. Established in 1916 and later expanded, the park (HVNP) encompasses two active volcanoes: Kilauea, one of the world's most active volcanoes, and Mauna Loa, the world's most massive shield volcano. The park portrays the birth of the Hawaiian Islands with dramatic volcanic landscapes, native flora and fauna, and glowing flowing lava. Most recently erupted in 1984, Mauna Loa may have emerged above sea level about 400,000 years ago and has likely been erupting for at least 700,000 years. Measured from its base on the ocean floor, it rises over 33,000 ft, significantly greater than the elevation of Mount Everest above sea level. HVNP is honored as a UNESCO World Heritage Site and International Biosphere Reserve.
    1701HAW-2195.jpg
  • A fern gains a toehold within cracked lava. The walkable pit crater of Kilauea Iki (adjacent to the larger caldera of Kilauea) is still warm after last erupting in 1959, in Hawaii Volcanoes National Park, on the Big Island, Hawaii, USA. Established in 1916 and later expanded, the park (HVNP) encompasses two active volcanoes: Kilauea, one of the world's most active volcanoes, and Mauna Loa, the world's most massive shield volcano. HVNP is honored as a UNESCO World Heritage Site and International Biosphere Reserve.
    1701HAW-2280.jpg
  • Fern fiddlehead with water drops. Hawaii Volcanoes National Park, on the Big Island, Hawaii, USA. Established in 1916 and later expanded, the park (HVNP) encompasses two active volcanoes: Kilauea, one of the world's most active volcanoes, and Mauna Loa, the world's most massive shield volcano. The park portrays the birth of the Hawaiian Islands with dramatic volcanic landscapes, native flora and fauna, and glowing flowing lava. Most recently erupted in 1984, Mauna Loa may have emerged above sea level about 400,000 years ago and has likely been erupting for at least 700,000 years. Measured from its base on the ocean floor, it rises over 33,000 ft, significantly greater than the elevation of Mount Everest above sea level. HVNP is honored as a UNESCO World Heritage Site and International Biosphere Reserve.
    1701HAW-2264.jpg
  • A camera-formed starburst shines through a big frond of a Hawaiian Tree Fern / Hapu'u / Manfern / Cibotium genus. Hawaii Volcanoes National Park is on the Big Island, Hawaii, USA. Established in 1916 and later expanded, the park (HVNP) encompasses two active volcanoes: Kilauea, one of the world's most active volcanoes, and Mauna Loa, the world's most massive shield volcano. The park portrays the birth of the Hawaiian Islands with dramatic volcanic landscapes, native flora and fauna, and glowing flowing lava. Most recently erupted in 1984, Mauna Loa may have emerged above sea level about 400,000 years ago and has likely been erupting for at least 700,000 years. Measured from its base on the ocean floor, it rises over 33,000 ft, significantly greater than the elevation of Mount Everest above sea level. HVNP is honored as a UNESCO World Heritage Site and International Biosphere Reserve.
    1701HAW-2238.jpg
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