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  • Saint Nicholas Anapafsa Monastery (Agio Nikolaou Anapafsa) was built in the 1500s on a rock pinnacle at Meteora, Greece, Europe. Meteora (which means "suspended in the air") is a complex of six Eastern Orthodox Christian monasteries built by medieval monks on natural rock pillars near Kalambaka, in central Greece, Europe. The sandstone and conglomerate of Meteora were formed in the cone of a river delta estuary emerging into a sea about 60 million years ago, then later uplifted and eroded into pinnacles. The isolated monasteries of Meteora helped keep alive Greek Orthodox religious traditions and Hellenic culture during the turbulent Middle Ages and Ottoman Turk occupation of Greece (1453-1829). UNESCO honored Meteora as a World Heritage Site in 1988. Visit early in the morning and in the off season to avoid crowds.
    01GRE-44-09_Anapafsa-Monastery.jpg
  • Varlaam Monastery was founded on a rock pinnacle in 1517 AD at Meteora, Greece, Europe. Meteora (which means "suspended in the air") is a complex of six Eastern Orthodox Christian monasteries built by medieval monks on natural rock pillars near Kalambaka, in central Greece, Europe. The sandstone and conglomerate of Meteora were formed in the cone of a river delta estuary emerging into a sea about 60 million years ago, then later uplifted and eroded into pinnacles. The isolated monasteries of Meteora helped keep alive Greek Orthodox religious traditions and Hellenic culture during the turbulent Middle Ages and Ottoman Turk occupation of Greece (1453-1829). UNESCO honored Meteora as a World Heritage Site in 1988. Visit early in the morning and in the off season to avoid crowds.
    01GRE-43-27_Varlaam-Monastery.jpg
  • Grand Meteora Monastery (Holy Monastery of Great Meteoron) was built in the mid 1300s on a rock pinnacle in Greece, Europe. It was restored and embellished in 1483 and 1552, and is the largest monastery at Meteora. Meteora (which means "suspended in the air") is a complex of six Eastern Orthodox Christian monasteries built by medieval monks on natural rock pillars near Kalambaka, in central Greece, Europe. The sandstone and conglomerate of Meteora were formed in the cone of a river delta estuary emerging into a sea about 60 million years ago, then later uplifted and eroded into pinnacles. The isolated monasteries of Meteora helped keep alive Greek Orthodox religious traditions and Hellenic culture during the turbulent Middle Ages and Ottoman Turk occupation of Greece (1453-1829). UNESCO honored Meteora as a World Heritage Site in 1988. Visit early in the morning and in the off season to avoid crowds.
    01GRE-44-10_Grand-Meteora-Monastery.jpg
  • Varlaam Monastery was founded on a rock pinnacle in 1517 AD at Meteora, Greece, Europe. Meteora (which means "suspended in the air") is a complex of six Eastern Orthodox Christian monasteries built by medieval monks on natural rock pillars near Kalambaka, in central Greece, Europe. The sandstone and conglomerate of Meteora were formed in the cone of a river delta estuary emerging into a sea about 60 million years ago, then later uplifted and eroded into pinnacles. The isolated monasteries of Meteora helped keep alive Greek Orthodox religious traditions and Hellenic culture during the turbulent Middle Ages and Ottoman Turk occupation of Greece (1453-1829). UNESCO honored Meteora as a World Heritage Site in 1988. Visit early in the morning and in the off season to avoid crowds.
    01GRE-44-06_Varlaam-Monastery-_rock-...jpg
  • Varlaam Monastery was founded on a rock pinnacle in 1517 AD at Meteora, Greece, Europe. Meteora (which means "suspended in the air") a complex of six Eastern Orthodox Christian monasteries built by medieval monks on natural rock pillars near Kalambaka, in central Greece, Europe. The sandstone and conglomerate of Meteora were formed in the cone of a river delta estuary emerging into a sea about 60 million years ago, then later uplifted and eroded into pinnacles. The isolated monasteries of Meteora helped keep alive Greek Orthodox religious traditions and Hellenic culture during the turbulent Middle Ages and Ottoman Turk occupation of Greece (1453-1829). UNESCO honored Meteora as a World Heritage Site in 1988. Visit early in the morning and in the off season to avoid crowds.
    01GRE-43-36_Varlaam-Monastery-Meteor...jpg
  • Fantastic rock spires of Meteora rise above a blue house with red tile roof in Kastraki, near Kalambaka, in central Greece, Europe. Meteora (which means "suspended in the air") is a complex of six Eastern Orthodox Christian monasteries built by medieval monks on natural rock pillars near Kalambaka, in central Greece, Europe. The sandstone and conglomerate of Meteora were formed in the cone of a river delta estuary emerging into a sea about 60 million years ago, then later uplifted and eroded into pinnacles. The isolated monasteries of Meteora helped keep alive Greek Orthodox religious traditions and Hellenic culture during the turbulent Middle Ages and Ottoman Turk occupation of Greece (1453-1829). UNESCO honored Meteora as a World Heritage Site in 1988. Visit early in the morning and in the off season to avoid crowds. Published in "Light Travel: Photography on the Go" book by Tom Dempsey 2009, 2010.
    01GRE-41-35_Blue-house-Meteora-pinna...jpg
  • Weaver's Needle is a rock pnnacle in the Superstition Mountains, Arizona, USA
    03AZ-09-25_Weavers-Needle_Superstiti...jpg
  • Mount Reka (1991 feet / 607 meters elevation) reflects in Eidsfjord, lit by the midnight sun. Langoy Island, Vesterålen (Vesteraalen), Norway, Europe. Published in Wilderness Travel Catalog of Adventures 1989.
    81NOR-02-17_Mount-Reka.jpg
  • Cactus and jagged rock formations in Superstition Wilderness, Tonto NF, Arizona, USA
    03AZ-09-17_Superstition-Wilderness_T...jpg
  • Footprints wander the beach at Pinnacle Rock on Bartolomé Island (Bartholomew Island), Galápagos Islands, Ecuador, South America. This large black partially eroded lava formation was created when volcanic magma reached the sea and exploded into particles which fastened together into rock comprised of thin layers. Bartolomé Island (or Bartholomew Island, named after Lieutenant David Bartholomew of the British Navy) is one of the geologically younger islands in the Galápagos archipelago, just off the east coast of Santiago (James) Island. The volcanic Galápagos Islands (officially Archipiélago de Colón, otherwise called Islas de Colón, Islas Galápagos, or Enchanted Islands) are distributed along the equator in the Pacific Ocean 972 km west of continental Ecuador, South America. In 1959, Ecuador declared 97% of the land area of the Galápagos Islands to be Galápagos National Park, which UNESCO registered as a World Heritage Site in 1978. Ecuador created the Galápagos Marine Reserve in 1998, which UNESCO appended in 2001.
    86GAL-10-16_Pinnacle-Rock-beach-Bart...jpg
  • From atop Bartolome Island, see sunset over iconic Pinnacle Rock and James Island across the channel, in the Galapagos Islands, Ecuador, South America. In 1959, Ecuador declared 97% of the land area of the Galápagos Islands to be Galápagos National Park, which UNESCO registered as a World Heritage Site in 1978. Ecuador created the Galápagos Marine Reserve in 1998, which UNESCO appended in 2001.
    94GAL-18-08_sunset-Pinnacle-Rock-Bar...jpg
  • Snorkelers swim from a sailboat at Pinnacle Rock on Bartolomé Island (Bartholomew Island), Galápagos Islands, Ecuador, South America. This large black partially eroded lava formation was created when volcanic magma reached the sea and exploded into particles which fastened together into rock comprised of thin layers. Bartolomé Island (or Bartholomew Island, named after Lieutenant David Bartholomew of the British Navy) is one of the geologically younger islands in the Galápagos archipelago, just off the east coast of Santiago (James) Island. The volcanic Galápagos Islands (officially Archipiélago de Colón, otherwise called Islas de Colón, Islas Galápagos, or Enchanted Islands) are distributed along the equator in the Pacific Ocean 972 km west of continental Ecuador, South America. In 1959, Ecuador declared 97% of the land area of the Galápagos Islands to be Galápagos National Park, which UNESCO registered as a World Heritage Site in 1978. Ecuador created the Galápagos Marine Reserve in 1998, which UNESCO appended in 2001.
    86GAL-10-21_Pinnacle-Rock-ship.jpg
  • Travelers enjoy the beach via inflatable boat at Pinnacle Rock on Bartolomé Island, an icon of the Galápagos archipelago. This large black partially eroded lava formation was created when volcanic magma reached the sea and exploded into particles which fastened together into rock comprised of thin layers. Bartolomé Island (or Bartholomew Island, named after Lieutenant David Bartholomew of the British Navy) is one of the geologically younger islands in the Galápagos archipelago, just off the east coast of Santiago (James) Island. The volcanic Galápagos Islands (officially Archipiélago de Colón, otherwise called Islas de Colón, Islas Galápagos, or Enchanted Islands) are distributed along the equator in the Pacific Ocean 972 km west of continental Ecuador, South America. In 1959, Ecuador declared 97% of the land area of the Galápagos Islands to be Galápagos National Park, which UNESCO registered as a World Heritage Site in 1978. Ecuador created the Galápagos Marine Reserve in 1998, which UNESCO appended in 2001. Panorama was stitched from 5 overlapping photos.
    09ECU-4435-39pan_Pinnacle-Rock.jpg
  • Pinnacle Overlook (2440 feet elevation) in Virginia, in Cumberland Gap National Historic Park, rises 1400 feet above the town of Cumberland Gap, Tennessee. Tristate Peak rises to 1990 feet elevation on the middle right, where the states of Kentucky, Tennessee, and Virginia meet, as resolved in 1803. On the far right is the pass of Cumberland Gap (elevation 1600 feet / 488 meters) in the Cumberland Mountains region of the Appalachian Mountains, also known as the Cumberland Water Gap, famous in American history for its role as the chief passageway through the central Appalachians and as an important part of the Wilderness Road. Long used by Native Americans, the path was widened by a team of loggers led by Daniel Boone, making it accessible to pioneers, who used it to journey into the western frontiers of Kentucky and Tennessee. The gap was formed by an ancient creek, flowing southward, which cut through the land being pushed up to form the mountains. As the land rose even more, the creek reversed direction flowing into the Cumberland River to the north. Panorama stitched from 3 overlapping photos.
    08VA-2058-2060pan_Cumberland-Gap-2.jpg
  • A sandstone pinnacle marks the location of an extensive wall of petroglyphs in Shay Canyon on public BLM land, west of Monticello, Utah, USA.
    1503SW-1369_Shay-Canyon_BLM.jpg
  • Travelers enjoy the beach via inflatable boat at Pinnacle Rock on Bartolomé Island, an icon of the Galápagos archipelago. This large black partially eroded lava formation was created when volcanic magma reached the sea and exploded into particles which fastened together into rock comprised of thin layers. Bartolomé Island (or Bartholomew Island, named after Lieutenant David Bartholomew of the British Navy) is one of the geologically younger islands in the Galápagos archipelago, just off the east coast of Santiago (James) Island. The volcanic Galápagos Islands (officially Archipiélago de Colón, otherwise called Islas de Colón, Islas Galápagos, or Enchanted Islands) are distributed along the equator in the Pacific Ocean 972 km west of continental Ecuador, South America. In 1959, Ecuador declared 97% of the land area of the Galápagos Islands to be Galápagos National Park, which UNESCO registered as a World Heritage Site in 1978. Ecuador created the Galápagos Marine Reserve in 1998, which UNESCO appended in 2001. For licensing options, please inquire.
    09ECU-4450_Galapagos.jpg
  • Pinnacle Rock on Bartolomé Island is an icon of the Galápagos archipelago. This large black partially eroded lava formation was created when volcanic magma reached the sea and exploded into particles which fastened together into rock comprised of thin layers. Bartolomé Island (or Bartholomew Island, named after Lieutenant David Bartholomew of the British Navy) is one of the geologically younger islands in the Galápagos archipelago, just off the east coast of Santiago (James) Island. The volcanic Galápagos Islands (officially Archipiélago de Colón, otherwise called Islas de Colón, Islas Galápagos, or Enchanted Islands) are distributed along the equator in the Pacific Ocean 972 km west of continental Ecuador, South America. In 1959, Ecuador declared 97% of the land area of the Galápagos Islands to be Galápagos National Park, which UNESCO registered as a World Heritage Site in 1978. Ecuador created the Galápagos Marine Reserve in 1998, which UNESCO appended in 2001.
    09ECU-4409_Galapagos.jpg
  • The famous tuff cone of Pinnacle Rock juts like a knife from Bartolomé Island in the Galápagos archipelago, Ecuador. Bartolomé Island (or Bartholomew Island, named after a Lieutenant of the British Navy) is one of the geologically younger islands in the Galápagos Islands, just off the east coast of Santiago (or James) Island seen in the background. The volcanic Galápagos Islands (Official name: Archipiélago de Colón; other names: Islas de Colón, Islas Galápagos, or Enchanted Islands) are grouped along the equator in the Pacific Ocean 972 km west of continental Ecuador, South America. Panorama stitched from five images. In 1959, Ecuador declared 97% of the land area of the Galápagos Islands to be Galápagos National Park, which UNESCO registered as a World Heritage Site in 1978. Ecuador created the Galápagos Marine Reserve in 1998, which UNESCO appended in 2001. Published in "Light Travel: Photography on the Go" book by Tom Dempsey 2009, 2010. Panorama was stitched from 5 overlapping photos.
    09ECU-4404-08pan_Bartolome-Island.jpg
  • Pinnacle Rock on Bartolomé Island is an icon of the Galápagos archipelago. This large black partially eroded lava formation was created when volcanic magma reached the sea and exploded into particles which fastened together into rock comprised of thin layers. Bartolomé Island (or Bartholomew Island, named after Lieutenant David Bartholomew of the British Navy) is one of the geologically younger islands in the Galápagos archipelago, just off the east coast of Santiago (James) Island. The volcanic Galápagos Islands (officially Archipiélago de Colón, otherwise called Islas de Colón, Islas Galápagos, or Enchanted Islands) are distributed along the equator in the Pacific Ocean 972 km west of continental Ecuador, South America. In 1959, Ecuador declared 97% of the land area of the Galápagos Islands to be Galápagos National Park, which UNESCO registered as a World Heritage Site in 1978. Ecuador created the Galápagos Marine Reserve in 1998, which UNESCO appended in 2001. Panorama was stitched from 6 overlapping photos.
    09ECU-4384-89pan_Bartolome-Island.jpg
  • Pinnacle Rock on Bartolomé Island is an icon of the Galápagos archipelago. This large black partially eroded lava formation was created when volcanic magma reached the sea and exploded into particles which fastened together into rock comprised of thin layers. Bartolomé Island (or Bartholomew Island, named after Lieutenant David Bartholomew of the British Navy) is one of the geologically younger islands in the Galápagos archipelago, just off the east coast of Santiago (James) Island. The volcanic Galápagos Islands (officially Archipiélago de Colón, otherwise called Islas de Colón, Islas Galápagos, or Enchanted Islands) are distributed along the equator in the Pacific Ocean 972 km west of continental Ecuador, South America. In 1959, Ecuador declared 97% of the land area of the Galápagos Islands to be Galápagos National Park, which UNESCO registered as a World Heritage Site in 1978. Ecuador created the Galápagos Marine Reserve in 1998, which UNESCO appended in 2001.
    09ECU-4353_Galapagos.jpg
  • A volcanic tuff cone rises above Pinnacle Rock on Bartolomé Island (Bartholomew Island), Galápagos Islands, Ecuador, South America. This large black partially eroded lava formation was created when volcanic magma reached the sea and exploded into particles which fastened together into rock comprised of thin layers. Bartolomé Island (or Bartholomew Island, named after Lieutenant David Bartholomew of the British Navy) is one of the geologically younger islands in the Galápagos archipelago, just off the east coast of Santiago (James) Island. The volcanic Galápagos Islands (officially Archipiélago de Colón, otherwise called Islas de Colón, Islas Galápagos, or Enchanted Islands) are distributed along the equator in the Pacific Ocean 972 km west of continental Ecuador, South America. In 1959, Ecuador declared 97% of the land area of the Galápagos Islands to be Galápagos National Park, which UNESCO registered as a World Heritage Site in 1978. Ecuador created the Galápagos Marine Reserve in 1998, which UNESCO appended in 2001.
    09ECU-4315_Galapagos.jpg
  • From Piegan Pass, hikers descend Cataract Creek Valley beneath the pinnacle of Mount Gould in the Lewis Range, in Glacier National Park, Montana, USA. A scenic walking traverse starts from Siyeh Bend over Piegan Pass to Many Glacier, visiting glorious mountains, valleys and lakes over 13 miles (2260 feet up, 3520 feet down). Since 1932, Canada and USA have shared Waterton-Glacier International Peace Park, which UNESCO declared a World Heritage Site (1995) containing two Biosphere Reserves (1976). Rocks in the park are primarily sedimentary layers deposited in shallow seas over 1.6 billion to 800 million years ago. During the tectonic formation of the Rocky Mountains 170 million years ago, the Lewis Overthrust displaced these old rocks over newer Cretaceous age rocks. Glaciers carved spectacular U-shaped valleys and pyramidal peaks as recently as the Last Glacial Maximum (the last "Ice Age" 25,000 to 13,000 years ago). Of the 150 glaciers existing in the mid 1800s, only 25 active glaciers remain in the park as of 2010, and all may disappear by 2020, say climate scientists.
    07GLA-0469.jpg
  • From Piegan Pass, hikers descend Cataract Creek Valley beneath the pinnacle of Mount Gould in the Lewis Range, in Glacier National Park, Montana, USA. A scenic walking traverse starts from Siyeh Bend over Piegan Pass to Many Glacier, visiting glorious mountains, valleys and lakes over 13 miles (2260 feet up, 3520 feet down). Since 1932, Canada and USA have shared Waterton-Glacier International Peace Park, which UNESCO declared a World Heritage Site (1995) containing two Biosphere Reserves (1976). Rocks in the park are primarily sedimentary layers deposited in shallow seas over 1.6 billion to 800 million years ago. During the tectonic formation of the Rocky Mountains 170 million years ago, the Lewis Overthrust displaced these old rocks over newer Cretaceous age rocks. Glaciers carved spectacular U-shaped valleys and pyramidal peaks as recently as the Last Glacial Maximum (the last "Ice Age" 25,000 to 13,000 years ago). Of the 150 glaciers existing in the mid 1800s, only 25 active glaciers remain in the park as of 2010, and all may disappear by 2020, say climate scientists.
    07GLA-0460_Mount-Gould.jpg
  • From Piegan Pass, hikers descend Cataract Creek Valley beneath the pinnacle of Mount Gould in the Lewis Range, in Glacier National Park, Montana, USA. A scenic walking traverse starts from Siyeh Bend over Piegan Pass to Many Glacier, visiting glorious mountains, valleys and lakes over 13 miles (2260 feet up, 3520 feet down). Since 1932, Canada and USA have shared Waterton-Glacier International Peace Park, which UNESCO declared a World Heritage Site (1995) containing two Biosphere Reserves (1976). Rocks in the park are primarily sedimentary layers deposited in shallow seas over 1.6 billion to 800 million years ago. During the tectonic formation of the Rocky Mountains 170 million years ago, the Lewis Overthrust displaced these old rocks over newer Cretaceous age rocks. Glaciers carved spectacular U-shaped valleys and pyramidal peaks as recently as the Last Glacial Maximum (the last "Ice Age" 25,000 to 13,000 years ago). Of the 150 glaciers existing in the mid 1800s, only 25 active glaciers remain in the park as of 2010, and all may disappear by 2020, say climate scientists.
    07GLA-0440_Mount-Gould_Cataract-Vall...jpg
  • From Piegan Pass, descend Cataract Creek Valley beneath the pinnacle of Mount Gould in the Lewis Range, in Glacier National Park, Montana, USA. A scenic walking traverse starts from Siyeh Bend over Piegan Pass to Many Glacier, visiting glorious mountains, valleys and lakes over 13 miles (2260 feet up, 3520 feet down). Since 1932, Canada and USA have shared Waterton-Glacier International Peace Park, which UNESCO declared a World Heritage Site (1995) containing two Biosphere Reserves (1976). Rocks in the park are primarily sedimentary layers deposited in shallow seas over 1.6 billion to 800 million years ago. During the tectonic formation of the Rocky Mountains 170 million years ago, the Lewis Overthrust displaced these old rocks over newer Cretaceous age rocks. Glaciers carved spectacular U-shaped valleys and pyramidal peaks as recently as the Last Glacial Maximum (the last "Ice Age" 25,000 to 13,000 years ago). Of the 150 glaciers existing in the mid 1800s, only 25 active glaciers remain in the park as of 2010, and all may disappear by 2020, say climate scientists.
    07GLA-0436_Mount-Gould_Cataract-Vall...jpg
  • From Piegan Pass, descend Cataract Creek Valley beneath the pinnacle of Mount Gould in the Lewis Range, in Glacier National Park, Montana, USA. A scenic walking traverse starts from Siyeh Bend over Piegan Pass to Many Glacier, visiting glorious mountains, valleys and lakes over 13 miles (2260 feet up, 3520 feet down). Since 1932, Canada and USA have shared Waterton-Glacier International Peace Park, which UNESCO declared a World Heritage Site (1995) containing two Biosphere Reserves (1976). Rocks in the park are primarily sedimentary layers deposited in shallow seas over 1.6 billion to 800 million years ago. During the tectonic formation of the Rocky Mountains 170 million years ago, the Lewis Overthrust displaced these old rocks over newer Cretaceous age rocks. Glaciers carved spectacular U-shaped valleys and pyramidal peaks as recently as the Last Glacial Maximum (the last "Ice Age" 25,000 to 13,000 years ago). Of the 150 glaciers existing in the mid 1800s, only 25 active glaciers remain in the park as of 2010, and all may disappear by 2020, say climate scientists. (Panorama stitched from 2 overlapping images.)
    07GLA-0433-434pan_Mount-Gould_Catara...jpg
  • Regimental "hoodoos" are eroded pinnacles of soft rock in Bryce Canyon National Park, Utah, USA. Published in Nature, the International Weekly Journal of Science, 17 January 2008 on the cover of the enclosed supplement "Year of Planet Earth," pages 257-304.
    94SW-09-29_Hoodoos_Bryce-Canyon.jpg
  • A map of North Island, New Zealand, suggests favorite parks and sights.
    NEW-ZEALAND-North-Island-map.jpg
  • Orange and yellow fall foliage colors brighten Cumberland Gap National Historic Park in early November, above the town of Cumberland Gap, Tennessee. Tristate Peak rises to 1990 feet elevation on the upper left, where the states of Kentucky, Tennessee, and Virginia meet, as resolved in 1803. Cumberland Gap (elevation 1600 feet / 488 meters) is a pass through the Cumberland Mountains region of the Appalachian Mountains, also known as the Cumberland Water Gap.
    08VA-2056_Cumberland-Gap.jpg
  • From the High Note Trail on Whistler Mountain, see Black Tusk (2319 meters or 7608 feet elevation), an eye-catching pinnacle of volcanic rock in Garibaldi Provincial Park of British Columbia, in the Coast Range, Canada. Visible from the Whistler area, Black Tusk is part of Garibaldi Volcanic Belt within the Cascade Volcanic Arc (but is not within the geographic boundary of the Cascade Range, which is south of the Fraser River). Black Tusk is the remnant of an extinct andesitic stratovolcano which formed 1.3 to 1.1 million years ago as the Juan de Fuca, Gorda, and Explorer plates plunged under the North American Plate at the ongoing Cascadia subduction zone.
    1208WHI-082.jpg
  • Dark Angel is a red sandstone pinnacle on Devils Garden Trail, Arches National Park, Moab, Utah, USA. This image was stitched from multiple overlapping photos. A thick underground salt bed underlies the creation of the park's many arches, spires, balanced rocks, sandstone fins, and eroded monoliths. Some 300 million years ago, a sea flowed into the area and eventually evaporated to create the salt bed up to thousands of feet thick. Over millions of years, the salt bed was covered with debris eroded from the Uncompahgre Uplift to the northeast. During the Early Jurassic (about 210 million years ago) desert conditions deposited the vast Navajo Sandstone. On top of that, about 140 million years ago, the Entrada Sandstone was deposited from stream and windblown sediments. Later, over 5000 feet (1500 m) of younger sediments were deposited and then mostly worn away, leaving the park's arches eroded mostly within the Entrada formation.
    1909US1-8117-18-Pano.jpg
  • See the volcanic pinnacle of Black Tusk (2319 m or 7608 ft) from Panorama Ridge Trail. The Black Tusk is a remnant of an extinct andesitic stratovolcano which formed 1.3-1.1 million years ago: after long glacial erosion, renewed volcanism 170,000 years ago made the lava flow and dome forming the tooth-shaped summit. The top of Panorama Ridge is 17 miles round trip with 5100 feet gain from Rubble Creek parking lot (or 6 miles/10k RT with 2066 ft/630m gain from either Taylor Meadows or Garibaldi Lake Backcountry Campground). A hiking loop to Garibaldi Lake via Taylor Meadows Campground is 11 miles (18k) round trip, with 3010 ft (850m) gain. Garibaldi Provincial Park is east of the Sea to Sky Highway (Route 99) between Squamish and Whistler in the Coast Range, British Columbia, Canada.
    1509CAN-1356_Black-Tusk_BC.jpg
  • Black Tusk (2319 meters or 7608 feet elevation) is an eye-catching pinnacle of volcanic rock in Garibaldi Provincial Park of British Columbia, in the Coast Range, Canada. Visible from the Whistler area, Black Tusk is part of Garibaldi Volcanic Belt within the Cascade Volcanic Arc (but is not within the geographic boundary of the Cascade Range, which is south of the Fraser River). Black Tusk is the remnant of an extinct andesitic stratovolcano which formed 1.3 to 1.1 million years ago as the Juan de Fuca, Gorda, and Explorer plates plunged under the North American Plate at the ongoing Cascadia subduction zone.
    1208WHI-043.jpg
  • The pinnacle of Huayna Picchu rises over Machu Picchu, a magnificent Inca archeological site in the Cordillera Vilcabamba, Andes mountains, Peru, South America. The Incas built temples, terraces, and a trail up the peak of Huayna Picchu ("Young Peak" in Quechua, 2720 meters or 8920 feet above sea level). Machu Picchu was built around 1450 AD as an estate for the Inca emperor Pachacuti (14381472). Spaniards passed in the river valley below but never discovered Machu Picchu during their conquest of the Incas 1532-1572. The outside world was unaware of the "Lost City of the Incas" until revealed by American historian Hiram Bingham in 1911. Machu Picchu perches at 2430 meters elevation (7970 feet) on a well defended ridge 450 meters (1480 ft) above a loop of the Urubamba/Vilcanota River ( Sacred Valley of the Incas). UNESCO honored the Historic Sanctuary of Machu Picchu on the World Heritage List in 1983.
    03PER-15-29-Machu-Picchu-people-v.jpg
  • The volcanic pinnacle of Black Tusk rises above Black Tusk Lake (foreground) and Mimulus Lake, seen from Panorama Ridge Trail. Black Tusk (2319 m or 7608 ft) is a remnant of an extinct andesitic stratovolcano which formed 1.3-1.1 million years ago: after long glacial erosion, renewed volcanism 170,000 years ago made the lava flow and dome forming the tooth-shaped summit. The top of Panorama Ridge is 17 miles round trip with 5100 feet gain from Rubble Creek parking lot (or 6 miles/10k RT with 2066 ft/630m gain from either Taylor Meadows or Garibaldi Lake Backcountry Campground). A hiking loop to Garibaldi Lake via Taylor Meadows Campground is 11 miles (18k) round trip, with 3010 ft (850m) gain. Garibaldi Provincial Park is east of the Sea to Sky Highway (Route 99) between Squamish and Whistler in the Coast Range, British Columbia, Canada. This panorama was stitched from 3 overlapping images.
    1509CAN-1394-96pan_Black-Tusk_BC.jpg
  • The volcanic pinnacle of Black Tusk (2319 m or 7608 ft) rises above Mimulus Lake, Black Tusk Lake, and Helm Lake (left to right), seen from Panorama Ridge Trail. The Black Tusk is a remnant of an extinct andesitic stratovolcano which formed 1.3-1.1 million years ago: after long glacial erosion, renewed volcanism 170,000 years ago made the lava flow and dome forming the tooth-shaped summit. The top of Panorama Ridge is 17 miles round trip with 5100 feet gain from Rubble Creek parking lot (or 6 miles/10k RT with 2066 ft/630m gain from either Taylor Meadows or Garibaldi Lake Backcountry Campground). A hiking loop to Garibaldi Lake via Taylor Meadows Campground is 11 miles (18k) round trip, with 3010 ft (850m) gain. Garibaldi Provincial Park is east of the Sea to Sky Highway (Route 99) between Squamish and Whistler in the Coast Range, British Columbia, Canada. This panorama was stitched from 12 overlapping images.
    1509CAN-1274-75pan_Black-Tusk_BC.jpg
  • From the base of Panorama Ridge Trail, see the volcanic pinnacle of Black Tusk (2319 m or 7608 ft) above Helm Creek in the Coast Range, British Columbia, Canada. Visit Garibaldi Provincial Park east of the Sea to Sky Highway (Route 99) between Squamish and Whistler. The Black Tusk is a remnant of an extinct andesitic stratovolcano which formed 1.3-1.1 million years ago: after long glacial erosion, renewed volcanism 170,000 years ago made the lava flow and dome forming the tooth-shaped summit. The top of Panorama Ridge is 17 miles round trip with 5100 feet gain from Rubble Creek parking lot (or 6 miles/10k RT with 2066 ft/630m gain from either Taylor Meadows or Garibaldi Lake Backcountry Campground). A hiking loop to Garibaldi Lake via Taylor Meadows Campground is 11 miles (18k) round trip, with 3010 ft (850m) gain. This panorama was stitched from 8+ overlapping images.
    1509CAN-1248-59pan_Black-Tusk_BC.jpg
  • The volcanic pinnacle of Black Tusk (2319 m or 7608 ft), seen from the base of Panorama Ridge Trail. The Black Tusk is a remnant of an extinct andesitic stratovolcano which formed 1.3-1.1 million years ago: after long glacial erosion, renewed volcanism 170,000 years ago made the lava flow and dome forming the tooth-shaped summit. The top of Panorama Ridge is 17 miles round trip with 5100 feet gain from Rubble Creek parking lot (or 6 miles/10k RT with 2066 ft/630m gain from either Taylor Meadows or Garibaldi Lake Backcountry Campground). A hiking loop to Garibaldi Lake via Taylor Meadows Campground is 11 miles (18k) round trip, with 3010 ft (850m) gain. Garibaldi Provincial Park is east of the Sea to Sky Highway (Route 99) between Squamish and Whistler in the Coast Range, British Columbia, Canada.
    1509CAN-1249-p2_Black-Tusk_BC.jpg
  • The volcanic pinnacle of Black Tusk (2319 m or 7608 ft) rises above Mimulus Lake, turquoise Black Tusk Lake, and Helm Lake (left to right), seen from Panorama Ridge Trail. The Black Tusk is a remnant of an extinct andesitic stratovolcano which formed 1.3-1.1 million years ago: after long glacial erosion, renewed volcanism 170,000 years ago made the lava flow and dome forming the tooth-shaped summit. The top of Panorama Ridge is 17 miles round trip with 5100 feet gain from Rubble Creek parking lot (or 6 miles/10k RT with 2066 ft/630m gain from either Taylor Meadows or Garibaldi Lake Backcountry Campground). A hiking loop to Garibaldi Lake via Taylor Meadows Campground is 11 miles (18k) round trip, with 3010 ft (850m) gain. Garibaldi Provincial Park is east of the Sea to Sky Highway (Route 99) between Squamish and Whistler in the Coast Range, British Columbia, Canada. This panorama was stitched from 5 overlapping images.
    1509CAN-9043-47pan_Black-Tusk_BC.jpg
  • See the volcanic pinnacle of Black Tusk (2319 m or 7608 ft) rising above Taylor Meadows. The Black Tusk is a remnant of an extinct andesitic stratovolcano which formed 1.3-1.1 million years ago: after long glacial erosion, renewed volcanism 170,000 years ago made the lava flow and dome forming the tooth-shaped summit.  Garibaldi Provincial Park, in the Coast Range, British Columbia, Canada. Garibaldi Park is east of the Sea to Sky Highway (Route 99) between Squamish and Whistler.
    1509CAN-1204_Black-Tusk_BC.jpg
  • Erosion created a hoodoo (rock pinnacle) at Punta Cuyoc (a pass at 16,200 feet or 4950 m) in the Cordillera Huayhuash, Andes Mountains, Peru, South America. Geology: Cordillera Huayhuash is comprised of uplifted sedimentary sea floor rocks (quartzite, limestone, slate) with a base of granodiorite. Day 5 of 9 days trekking around the Cordillera Huayhuash.
    14PER-4277_hoodoo-Punta-Cuyoc.jpg
  • From the High Note Trail on Whistler Mountain, see Black Tusk (2319 meters or 7608 feet elevation), an eye-catching pinnacle of volcanic rock in Garibaldi Provincial Park of British Columbia, in the Coast Range, Canada. Visible from the Whistler area, Black Tusk is part of Garibaldi Volcanic Belt within the Cascade Volcanic Arc (but is not within the geographic boundary of the Cascade Range, which is south of the Fraser River). Black Tusk is the remnant of an extinct andesitic stratovolcano which formed 1.3 to 1.1 million years ago as the Juan de Fuca, Gorda, and Explorer plates plunged under the North American Plate at the ongoing Cascadia subduction zone. For licensing options, please inquire.
    1208WHI-080.jpg
  • Hike the Mount Edith loop trail (8 miles) over Cory Pass near the pinnacle of Mount Louis, in Banff National Park, Alberta, Canada. This is part of the big Canadian Rocky Mountain Parks World Heritage Site declared by UNESCO in 1984. Stitched from 3 overlapping images.
    09CAN-1064-1066pan_Mt-Louis_Cory-Pas...jpg
  • Hike the Mount Edith loop trail (8 miles) over Cory Pass, by the pinnacle of Mount Louis, in Banff National Park, Alberta, Canada. This is part of the big Canadian Rocky Mountain Parks World Heritage Site declared by UNESCO in 1984.
    09CAN-1050_Mt-Louis_Cory-Pass.jpg
  • A hiker crosses Willis Creek beneath an eroded  sandstone pinnacle in Grand Staircase-Escalante National Monument, near Cannonville, Utah, USA For licensing options, please inquire.
    06UT_6023-Willis_Creek.jpg
  • The volcanic pinnacle of Black Tusk rises above Black Tusk Lake (foreground) and Mimulus Lake, seen from Panorama Ridge Trail. The Black Tusk (2319 m or 7608 ft) is a remnant of an extinct andesitic stratovolcano which formed 1.3-1.1 million years ago: after long glacial erosion, renewed volcanism 170,000 years ago made the lava flow and dome forming the tooth-shaped summit. Panorama Ridge is 17 miles round trip with 5100 feet gain from Rubble Creek parking lot (or 6 miles/10k RT with 2066 ft/630m gain from either Taylor Meadows or Garibaldi Lake Backcountry Campground). A hiking loop to Garibaldi Lake via Taylor Meadows Campground is 11 miles (18k) round trip, with 3010 ft (850m) gain. Garibaldi Provincial Park is east of the Sea to Sky Highway (Route 99) between Squamish and Whistler in the Coast Range, British Columbia, Canada.
    1509CAN-1389_Black-Tusk_BC.jpg
  • See the volcanic pinnacle of Black Tusk (2319 m or 7608 ft) from Panorama Ridge Trail. The Black Tusk is a remnant of an extinct andesitic stratovolcano which formed 1.3-1.1 million years ago: after long glacial erosion, renewed volcanism 170,000 years ago made the lava flow and dome forming the tooth-shaped summit. The top of Panorama Ridge is 17 miles round trip with 5100 feet gain from Rubble Creek parking lot (or 6 miles/10k RT with 2066 ft/630m gain from either Taylor Meadows or Garibaldi Lake Backcountry Campground). A hiking loop to Garibaldi Lake via Taylor Meadows Campground is 11 miles (18k) round trip, with 3010 ft (850m) gain. Garibaldi Provincial Park is east of the Sea to Sky Highway (Route 99) between Squamish and Whistler in the Coast Range, British Columbia, Canada.
    1509CAN-1354_Black-Tusk_BC.jpg
  • The volcanic pinnacle of Black Tusk (2319 m or 7608 ft) rises above Mimulus Lake (on far left), turquoise Black Tusk Lake, and Helm Lake, seen from Panorama Ridge Trail. The Black Tusk is a remnant of an extinct andesitic stratovolcano which formed 1.3-1.1 million years ago: after long glacial erosion, renewed volcanism 170,000 years ago made the lava flow and dome forming the tooth-shaped summit. The top of Panorama Ridge is 17 miles round trip with 5100 feet gain from Rubble Creek parking lot (or 6 miles/10k RT with 2066 ft/630m gain from either Taylor Meadows or Garibaldi Lake Backcountry Campground). A hiking loop to Garibaldi Lake via Taylor Meadows Campground is 11 miles (18k) round trip, with 3010 ft (850m) gain. Garibaldi Provincial Park is east of the Sea to Sky Highway (Route 99) between Squamish and Whistler in the Coast Range, British Columbia, Canada. This panorama was stitched from 12 overlapping images.
    1509CAN-1261-72pan_Black-Tusk_BC.jpg
  • The volcanic pinnacle of Black Tusk rises above Black Tusk Lake (foreground) and Mimulus Lake, seen from Panorama Ridge Trail. The Black Tusk (2319 m or 7608 ft) is a remnant of an extinct andesitic stratovolcano which formed 1.3-1.1 million years ago: after long glacial erosion, renewed volcanism 170,000 years ago made the lava flow and dome forming the tooth-shaped summit. The top of Panorama Ridge is 17 miles round trip with 5100 feet gain from Rubble Creek parking lot (or 6 miles/10k RT with 2066 ft/630m gain from either Taylor Meadows or Garibaldi Lake Backcountry Campground). A hiking loop to Garibaldi Lake via Taylor Meadows Campground is 11 miles (18k) round trip, with 3010 ft (850m) gain. Garibaldi Provincial Park is east of the Sea to Sky Highway (Route 99) between Squamish and Whistler in the Coast Range, British Columbia, Canada.
    1509CAN-1281_Black-Tusk_BC.jpg
  • The volcanic pinnacle of Black Tusk rises above Black Tusk Lake, seen from Panorama Ridge Trail. The Black Tusk (2319 m or 7608 ft) is a remnant of an extinct andesitic stratovolcano which formed 1.3-1.1 million years ago: after long glacial erosion, renewed volcanism 170,000 years ago made the lava flow and dome forming the tooth-shaped summit. The top of Panorama Ridge is 17 miles round trip with 5100 feet gain from Rubble Creek parking lot (or 6 miles/10k RT with 2066 ft/630m gain from either Taylor Meadows or Garibaldi Lake Backcountry Campground). A hiking loop to Garibaldi Lake via Taylor Meadows Campground is 11 miles (18k) round trip, with 3010 ft (850m) gain. Garibaldi Provincial Park is east of the Sea to Sky Highway (Route 99) between Squamish and Whistler in the Coast Range, British Columbia, Canada. This panorama was stitched from 11 overlapping images.
    1509CAN-1230-40pan_Black-Tusk_BC.jpg
  • The volcanic pinnacle of Black Tusk (2319 m or 7608 ft) rises above Helm Lake, seen from Panorama Ridge Trail. The Black Tusk is a remnant of an extinct andesitic stratovolcano which formed 1.3-1.1 million years ago: after long glacial erosion, renewed volcanism 170,000 years ago made the lava flow and dome forming the tooth-shaped summit. The top of Panorama Ridge is 17 miles round trip with 5100 feet gain from Rubble Creek parking lot (or 6 miles/10k RT with 2066 ft/630m gain from either Taylor Meadows or Garibaldi Lake Backcountry Campground). A hiking loop to Garibaldi Lake via Taylor Meadows Campground is 11 miles (18k) round trip, with 3010 ft (850m) gain. Garibaldi Provincial Park is east of the Sea to Sky Highway (Route 99) between Squamish and Whistler in the Coast Range, British Columbia, Canada. This panorama was stitched from 4 overlapping images.
    1509CAN-1241-44pan_Black-Tusk_BC.jpg
  • Black Tusk (2319 meters or 7608 feet elevation) is an eye-catching pinnacle of volcanic rock in Garibaldi Provincial Park of British Columbia, in the Coast Range, Canada. Visible from the Whistler area, Black Tusk is part of Garibaldi Volcanic Belt within the Cascade Volcanic Arc (but is not within the geographic boundary of the Cascade Range, which is south of the Fraser River). Black Tusk is the remnant of an extinct andesitic stratovolcano which formed 1.3 to 1.1 million years ago as the Juan de Fuca, Gorda, and Explorer plates plunged under the North American Plate at the ongoing Cascadia subduction zone.
    1208WHI-155.jpg
  • The pinnacle of Huayna Picchu rises over Machu Picchu, a magnificent Inca archeological site in the Cordillera Vilcabamba, Andes mountains, Peru, South America. The Incas built temples, terraces, and a trail up the peak of Huayna Picchu ("Young Peak" in Quechua, 2720 meters or 8920 feet above sea level). Machu Picchu was built around 1450 AD as an estate for the Inca emperor Pachacuti (14381472). Spaniards passed in the river valley below but never discovered Machu Picchu during their conquest of the Incas 1532-1572. The outside world was unaware of the "Lost City of the Incas" until revealed by American historian Hiram Bingham in 1911. Machu Picchu perches at 2430 meters elevation (7970 feet) on a well defended ridge 450 meters (1480 ft) above a loop of the Urubamba/Vilcanota River ( Sacred Valley of the Incas). UNESCO honored the Historic Sanctuary of Machu Picchu on the World Heritage List in 1983.
    00PER-15-35_Machu-Picchu_Huayna-Picc...jpg
  • Cathedral Peak reflects in Cathedral Lake, Yosemite National Park, California, USA. Cathedral Peak is the highest summit of the Cathedral Range, an offshoot of the Sierra Nevada Mountain in south-central Yosemite National Park in Tuolumne County. The sharp cathedral-shaped top of the peak was left uneroded as Pleistocene glaciers scraped its flanks smooth. The west peak (left side) of Cathedral Peak is called Eichorn Pinnacle, after Jules Eichorn, who first ascended a route (difficulty = YDS 5.4 ) in 1931. Published in "Light Travel: Photography on the Go" book by Tom Dempsey 2009, 2010.
    96CAL-06-05_Cathedral-Peak-Lake-Yose...jpg
  • The tunnels and windows of the Castle of Uchisar (Üçhisar) were carved from a natural pinnacle of volcanic tuff (hardened ash layers) in the 15th and 16th centuries by the Byzantine army, when the region was on the frontline in wars against the Islamic Caliphate. This hill, the highest point in Cappadocia, is located between the cities of Nevsehir, Urgup and Avanos (Nev?ehir, Ürgüp in Turkish) in Nevsehir Province in the Republic of Turkey. Published in Sierra Magazine, Sierra Club Outings January/February 2001.
    99TUR-29-33_Uchisar-Castle_Cappadoci...jpg
  • Sunset in Pinnacles Campground in Bear Valley. Pinnacles National Park, California, USA
    2203CA-0145.jpg
  • Wild turkey in Pinnacles Campground in Bear Valley. Pinnacles National Park, California, USA
    2203CA-0136.jpg
  • It looks like a two-headed turkey! Wild turkeys in Pinnacles Campground in Bear Valley. Pinnacles National Park, California, USA
    2203CA-0128.jpg
  • Turkey feathers reflect a rainbow of colors. Pinnacles Campground, Pinnacles National Park, California, USA
    2203CA-0370.jpg
  • Turkey feathers reflect a rainbow of colors. Pinnacles Campground, Pinnacles National Park, California, USA
    2203CA-0357.jpg
  • Turkey feathers reflect a rainbow of colors. Pinnacles Campground, Pinnacles National Park, California, USA
    2203CA-0372.jpg
  • Fossil shells, Putangirua Pinnacles, New Zealand, North Island. When ocean levels were much higher 7 to 9 million years ago, the Aorangi Ranges were an island which deposited large alluvial fans at the seashore. Conglomerate rock formed in layers. Erosion over the past several thousand years created a badlands of earth pillars (or hoodoos) at the head of this valley in the Aorangi Ranges.
    07NZ_6063_fossil-shells_Putangirua.jpg
  • Sandstone pinnacles catch sunset light in Arches National Park, Utah, USA.
    06UT_2269_Arches-NP-Utah.jpg
  • Atop Pinnacles National Park on the High Peaks loop (5.4 miles, 1650 ft gain). California, USA
    2203CA-0198.jpg
  • Orange monkeyflower. High Peaks loop trail, Pinnacles National Park, California, USA
    2203CA-0239.jpg
  • Sunrise light in Pinnacles National Park, California, USA
    2203CA-0162.jpg
  • Bear Gulch Reservoir. Pinnacles National Park, California, USA. This panorama was stitched from multiple images.
    2203CA-0076-79-Pano.jpg
  • Bear Gulch Cave Trail. Pinnacles National Park, California, USA
    2203CA-0044.jpg
  • From U.S. Route 163 in Utah, see rock pinnacles & mesas of Monument Valley in Arizona, USA. This scenic turnout is 13 miles north of the Arizona–Utah border.
    1804SW-1160.jpg
  • Granite pinnacles soar above Castle Dome Trail in Castle Crags State Park, just west of Interstate 5, between the towns of Castella and Dunsmuir, in California, USA. One of my favorite hikes in the state is to Castle Dome, on an excellent trail 5.8 miles round trip with 2100 feet gain. Geology: although the mountains of Northern California consist largely of volcanic and sedimentary rocks, granite plutons intruded in many areas during the Jurassic period. Heavy Pleistocene glaciation eroded much of the softer surrounding rock leaving soaring crags and spires exposed. Exfoliation of huge, convex slabs of granite made rounded towers such as the prominent Castle Dome.
    1507CAL-2899.jpg
  • The Putangirua Pinnacles were featured as the Dimholt Road in the "Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King" motion picture. When ocean levels were much higher 7 to 9 million years ago, the Aorangi Ranges were an island which deposited large alluvial fans at the seashore. Conglomerate rock formed in layers. Erosion over the past several thousand years created a badlands of earth pillars (or hoodoos) at the head of this valley in the Aorangi Ranges.
    07NZ_6056_Putangirua-Pinnacles.jpg
  • The Putangirua Pinnacles were featured as the Dimholt Road in the "Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King" motion picture. When ocean levels were much higher 7 to 9 million years ago, the Aorangi Ranges were an island which deposited large alluvial fans at the seashore. Conglomerate rock formed in layers. Erosion over the past several thousand years created a badlands of earth pillars (or hoodoos) at the head of this valley in the Aorangi Ranges.
    07NZ_6013_Putangirua-Pinnacles.jpg
  • Sunset light glows orange on roadside sandstone mesas, buttes, and pinnacles of the Windows Section of Arches National Park, Utah, USA.
    06UT_2251_Arches-NP-Utah.jpg
  • Admire fanciful hoodoos, badlands, mushroom shapes, and rock pinnacles in Goblin Valley State Park, in Emery County between the towns of Green River and Hanksville, in central Utah, USA. The Goblin rocks eroded from Entrada Sandstone, which is comprised of alternating layers of sandstone (cross-bedded by former tides), siltstone, and shale debris which were eroded from former highlands and redeposited in beds on a former tidal flat.
    06UT_1135-Goblin-Valley.jpg
  • Mount Ellen, at the northern end of the Henry Mountains, rises prominently to the south of Goblin Valley State Park. Admire fanciful hoodoos, mushroom shapes, and rock pinnacles in Goblin Valley State Park, in Emery County between the towns of Green River and Hanksville, in central Utah, USA. The Goblin rocks eroded from Entrada Sandstone, which is comprised of alternating layers of sandstone (cross-bedded by former tides), siltstone, and shale debris which were eroded from former highlands and redeposited in beds on a former tidal flat.
    06UT_1119-Goblin-Valley.jpg
  • Mount Ellen, at the northern end of the Henry Mountains, rises prominently to the south of Goblin Valley State Park. Admire fanciful hoodoos, mushroom shapes, and rock pinnacles in Goblin Valley State Park, in Emery County between the towns of Green River and Hanksville, in central Utah, USA. The Goblin rocks eroded from Entrada Sandstone, which is comprised of alternating layers of sandstone (cross-bedded by former tides), siltstone, and shale debris which were eroded from former highlands and redeposited in beds on a former tidal flat.
    06UT_1106-Goblin-Valley.jpg
  • A Volkswagon Eurovan pop top Camper parks by a golden butte at sunrise. Admire fanciful hoodoos, mushroom shapes, and rock pinnacles in Goblin Valley State Park, in Emery County between the towns of Green River and Hanksville, in central Utah, USA. The Goblin rocks eroded from Entrada Sandstone, which is comprised of alternating layers of sandstone (cross-bedded by former tides), siltstone, and shale debris which were eroded from former highlands and redeposited in beds on a former tidal flat.
    06UT_1083-Goblin-Valley.jpg
  • The light-colored Curtis Formation. caps the reddish-brown suite of rocks called Entrada Sandstone where the park goblins form. Admire fanciful hoodoos, mushroom shapes, and rock pinnacles in Goblin Valley State Park, in Emery County between the towns of Green River and Hanksville, in central Utah, USA. The Goblin rocks eroded from Entrada Sandstone, which is comprised of alternating layers of sandstone (cross-bedded by former tides), siltstone, and shale debris which were eroded from former highlands and redeposited in beds on a former tidal flat.
    06UT_1046-Goblin-Valley.jpg
  • Jumbled rocks atop the High Peaks loop (hike 5.4 miles, 1650 ft gain). Pinnacles National Park, California, USA. This panorama was stitched from multiple images.
    2203CA-0245-50-Pano.jpg
  • Colorful orange and yellow lichen on the High Peaks, Pinnacles National Park, California, USA
    2203CA-0319.jpg
  • Steep steps with railing. High Peaks loop 5.4 miles, 1650 ft gain. Pinnacles National Park, California, USA
    2203CA-0244.jpg
  • High Peaks loop 5.4 miles, 1650 ft gain. Pinnacles National Park, California, USA
    2203CA-0171.jpg
  • Morning light along High Peaks loop 5.4 miles, 1650 ft gain. Pinnacles National Park, California, USA
    2203CA-0167.jpg
  • Bear Gulch Reservoir. Pinnacles National Park, California, USA
    2203CA-0063.jpg
  • Hikers with rain gear emerge from under suspended boulders on Bear Gulch Cave Trail. Pinnacles National Park, California, USA
    2203CA-0054.jpg
  • Bear Gulch Cave Trail. Pinnacles National Park, California, USA
    2203CA-0046.jpg
  • Bear Gulch Cave Trail. Pinnacles National Park, California, USA
    2203CA-0037.jpg
  • A walkway passes under suspended boulders on Bear Gulch Cave Trail. Pinnacles National Park, California, USA
    2203CA-0036.jpg
  • Yellow fall aspen colors below pinnacles of Silver Mountain, seen from Sunshine Campground, Uncompahgre National Forest, Telluride, Colorado, USA. This image was stitched from multiple overlapping photos.
    1909US1-5742-44-Pano.jpg
  • Yellow fall aspen colors below pinnacles of Silver Mountain, seen from Sunshine Campground, Uncompahgre National Forest, Telluride, Colorado, USA.
    1909US1-5797.jpg
  • Sunset dramatically lights pinnacles above Green River Lakes, in the Wind River Range, Bridger-Teton National Forest, Rocky Mountains, Wyoming, USA. The Continental Divide follows the crest of the "Winds". Mostly composed of granite batholiths formed deep within the earth over 1 billion years ago, the Wind River Range is one of the oldest mountain ranges in North America. These granite monoliths were uplifted, exposed by erosion, then carved by glaciers 500,000 years ago to form cirques and U-shaped valleys. Glaciers scoured the terminal moraine which naturally dams the Green River Lakes, the headwaters of the Green River (chief tributary to the Colorado River).
    1909US1-0179.jpg
  • Pinnacles Overlook. Erosion has exposed layers of ancient colorful sediments. Badlands National Park has the largest undisturbed mixed grass prairie in the United States. South Dakota, USA.
    1709US1-2868_Badlands-NP-SD.jpg
  • Granite pinnacles soar above krumholtz trees atop Castle Dome Trail in Castle Crags State Park, just west of Interstate 5, between the towns of Castella and Dunsmuir, in California, USA. One of my favorite hikes in the state is to Castle Dome, on an excellent trail 5.8 miles round trip with 2100 feet gain. Geology: although the mountains of Northern California consist largely of volcanic and sedimentary rocks, granite plutons intruded in many areas during the Jurassic period. Heavy Pleistocene glaciation eroded much of the softer surrounding rock leaving soaring crags and spires exposed. Exfoliation of huge, convex slabs of granite made rounded towers such as the prominent Castle Dome. This panorama was stitched from 13 overlapping photos.
    1507CAL-2869-81pan_Castle-Crags-SP.jpg
  • Granite pinnacles soar above krumholtz trees atop Castle Dome Trail in Castle Crags State Park, just west of Interstate 5, between the towns of Castella and Dunsmuir, in California, USA. One of my favorite hikes in the state is to Castle Dome, on an excellent trail 5.8 miles round trip with 2100 feet gain. Geology: although the mountains of Northern California consist largely of volcanic and sedimentary rocks, granite plutons intruded in many areas during the Jurassic period. Heavy Pleistocene glaciation eroded much of the softer surrounding rock leaving soaring crags and spires exposed. Exfoliation of huge, convex slabs of granite made rounded towers such as the prominent Castle Dome.
    1507CAL-2888_Castle-Crags-SP.jpg
  • The Putangirua Pinnacles were featured as the Dimholt Road in the "Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King" motion picture. When ocean levels were much higher 7 to 9 million years ago, the Aorangi Ranges were an island which deposited large alluvial fans at the seashore. Conglomerate rock formed in layers. Erosion over the past several thousand years created a badlands of earth pillars (or hoodoos) at the head of this valley in the Aorangi Ranges.
    07NZ_6021_Putangirua-Pinnacles.jpg
  • Sunset light glows orange on roadside sandstone mesas, buttes, and pinnacles of the Windows Section of Arches National Park, Utah, USA.
    06UT_2256_Arches-NP-Utah.jpg
  • Sunset light glows orange on sandstone mesas, buttes, and pinnacles of the Windows Section of Arches National Park, Utah, USA. a Volkswagon Eurovan Camper stops at a roadside turnout.
    06UT_2252_Arches-NP-Utah.jpg
  • The La Sal Mountains rise behind arches, buttes, and pinnacles of the Windows Section of Arches National Park, Utah, USA. (Panorama stitched from 4 photos.)
    06UT_2230-33pan_Windows-Section-Arch...jpg
  • The La Sal Mountains rise behind arches, buttes, and pinnacles of the Windows Section of Arches National Park, Utah, USA. The park road curves through fascinating sandstone scenes.
    06UT_2228_Arches-NP-Utah.jpg
  • The La Sal Mountains rise behind arches, buttes, and pinnacles of the Windows Section of Arches National Park, Utah, USA. (Panorama stitched from 5 photos.)
    06UT_2217-2221pan_Windows-Section-Ar...jpg
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