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  • On the 1859 Balloon Voyage at Conner Prairie Interactive History Park, visitors can ride a tethered helium balloon up to 377 feet (115 m) above the ground. The attraction is based on the historic August 17, 1859 trip of Aeronaut John Wise, where he made the first airmail delivery in the United States 25 miles (40 km) from Lafayette to Crawfordsville (Indiana) carrying 123 letters and 23 circulars. Wise was also the first to observe the jet stream, noting a "great river of air which always blows from west to east." Lifted by the largest tethered gas passenger balloon in the world (105 feet or 32 m tall), the gondola can carry up to twenty people. Manufactured by the French company Aerophile, only five of these balloons exist in the United States. Conner Prairie Interactive History Park provides family-friendly fun for all ages in Fishers, Indiana, USA. Founded by pharmaceutical executive Eli Lilly in the 1930s, Conner Prairie living history museum now recreates life in Indiana in the 1800s on the White River and preserves the William Conner home (listed on the National Register of Historic Places). This image was stitched from 2 overlapping photos.
    1610IND-034-35-Pano.jpg
  • Burnt house at 1863 Civil War Journey, Conner Prairie Interactive History Park, Fishers, Indiana, USA. On July 8, 1863, Confederate General John Hunt Morgan and his forces crossed the Ohio River into Indiana. In 1863 Civil War Journey, you'll cross a covered bridge and step into the southern Indiana town of Dupont shortly after this raid. Along the way, you'll meet local residents, experience immersive presentations, gather supplies for the Soldier's Aid Society, and even participate in military drills. A splash and play water area includes safe, fun water cannons. Conner Prairie Interactive History Park provides family-friendly fun for all ages. Founded by pharmaceutical executive Eli Lilly in the 1930s, Conner Prairie living history museum now recreates life in Indiana in the 1800s on the White River and preserves the William Conner home (listed on the National Register of Historic Places).
    1610IND-191.jpg
  • Basket of carded wool with brush. Conner Prairie Interactive History Park provides family-friendly fun for all ages in Fishers, Indiana, USA. Founded by pharmaceutical executive Eli Lilly in the 1930s, Conner Prairie living history museum now recreates life in Indiana in the 1800s on the White River and preserves the William Conner home (listed on the National Register of Historic Places).
    1610IND-183.jpg
  • An actor portrays an 1800s farm woman at Conner Prairie Interactive History Park, Fishers, Indiana, USA. Conner Prairie provides family-friendly fun for all ages. Founded by pharmaceutical executive Eli Lilly in the 1930s, Conner Prairie living history museum now recreates life in Indiana in the 1800s on the White River and preserves the William Conner home (listed on the National Register of Historic Places). For licensing options, please inquire.
    1610IND-180.jpg
  • Historic movie pistol in leather holster on belt with bullets. Fans of movies and television shouldn't miss the Museum of Western Film History, 701 S. Main Street, Lone Pine, California, 93545, USA. (Formerly called the Beverly and Jim Rogers Museum of Lone Pine Film History.) Web site: www.lonepinefilmhistorymuseum.org
    1507CAL-1414.jpg
  • Exploding head graboid puppet from the 1990 film "Tremors" starring Kevin Bacon. Fans of movies and television shouldn't miss the Museum of Western Film History, 701 S. Main Street, Lone Pine, California, 93545, USA. (Formerly called the Beverly and Jim Rogers Museum of Lone Pine Film History.) Web site: www.lonepinefilmhistorymuseum.org
    1507CAL-1402.jpg
  • Barred wooden barn door. Conner Prairie Interactive History Park provides family-friendly fun for all ages in Fishers, Indiana, USA. Founded by pharmaceutical executive Eli Lilly in the 1930s, Conner Prairie living history museum now recreates life in Indiana in the 1800s on the White River and preserves the William Conner home (listed on the National Register of Historic Places).
    1610IND-193.jpg
  • Young women in 1800s costume design a scarecrow. Conner Prairie Interactive History Park, Fishers, Indiana, USA. Conner Prairie provides family-friendly fun for all ages. Founded by pharmaceutical executive Eli Lilly in the 1930s, Conner Prairie living history museum now recreates life in Indiana in the 1800s on the White River and preserves the William Conner home (listed on the National Register of Historic Places). For licensing options, please inquire.
    1610IND-187.jpg
  • Quilted fabric. Conner Prairie Interactive History Park provides family-friendly fun for all ages in Fishers, Indiana, USA. Founded by pharmaceutical executive Eli Lilly in the 1930s, Conner Prairie living history museum now recreates life in Indiana in the 1800s on the White River and preserves the William Conner home (listed on the National Register of Historic Places).
    1610IND-182.jpg
  • Black teapot. Conner Prairie Interactive History Park provides family-friendly fun for all ages in Fishers, Indiana, USA. Founded by pharmaceutical executive Eli Lilly in the 1930s, Conner Prairie living history museum now recreates life in Indiana in the 1800s on the White River and preserves the William Conner home (listed on the National Register of Historic Places).
    1610IND-174.jpg
  • Ham in smokehouse. Conner Prairie Interactive History Park provides family-friendly fun for all ages in Fishers, Indiana, USA. Founded by pharmaceutical executive Eli Lilly in the 1930s, Conner Prairie living history museum now recreates life in Indiana in the 1800s on the White River and preserves the William Conner home (listed on the National Register of Historic Places).
    1610IND-172.jpg
  • 1800s-style potter's wheel demonstration. Conner Prairie Interactive History Park provides family-friendly fun for all ages in Fishers, Indiana, USA. Founded by pharmaceutical executive Eli Lilly in the 1930s, Conner Prairie living history museum now recreates life in Indiana in the 1800s on the White River and preserves the William Conner home (listed on the National Register of Historic Places).
    1610IND-148.jpg
  • An old heritage breed of black and white pigs is optimized with longer legs for walking to market. Conner Prairie Interactive History Park provides family-friendly fun for all ages in Fishers, Indiana, USA. Founded by pharmaceutical executive Eli Lilly in the 1930s, Conner Prairie living history museum now recreates life in Indiana in the 1800s on the White River and preserves the William Conner home (listed on the National Register of Historic Places).
    1610IND-164.jpg
  • 1800s-style potter's wheel demonstration. Conner Prairie Interactive History Park provides family-friendly fun for all ages in Fishers, Indiana, USA. Founded by pharmaceutical executive Eli Lilly in the 1930s, Conner Prairie living history museum now recreates life in Indiana in the 1800s on the White River and preserves the William Conner home (listed on the National Register of Historic Places).
    1610IND-149.jpg
  • 1800s-style potter's wheel demonstration. Conner Prairie Interactive History Park provides family-friendly fun for all ages in Fishers, Indiana, USA. Founded by pharmaceutical executive Eli Lilly in the 1930s, Conner Prairie living history museum now recreates life in Indiana in the 1800s on the White River and preserves the William Conner home (listed on the National Register of Historic Places).
    1610IND-147.jpg
  • Clay cups made at Conner Prairie Interactive History Park, Fishers, Indiana, USA. Conner Prairie provides family-friendly fun for all ages. Founded by pharmaceutical executive Eli Lilly in the 1930s, Conner Prairie living history museum now recreates life in Indiana in the 1800s on the White River and preserves the William Conner home (listed on the National Register of Historic Places).
    1610IND-144.jpg
  • Iron hooks from Blacksmith demonstration. Conner Prairie Interactive History Park provides family-friendly fun for all ages in Fishers, Indiana, USA. Founded by pharmaceutical executive Eli Lilly in the 1930s, Conner Prairie living history museum now recreates life in Indiana in the 1800s on the White River and preserves the William Conner home (listed on the National Register of Historic Places).
    1610IND-114.jpg
  • 1800s style woodworking shop; wooden vise. Conner Prairie Interactive History Park provides family-friendly fun for all ages in Fishers, Indiana, USA. Founded by pharmaceutical executive Eli Lilly in the 1930s, Conner Prairie living history museum now recreates life in Indiana in the 1800s on the White River and preserves the William Conner home (listed on the National Register of Historic Places).
    1610IND-137.jpg
  • Antique table setting: spoons, knives, two-tine forks, plates & cups. Conner Prairie Interactive History Park provides family-friendly fun for all ages in Fishers, Indiana, USA. Founded by pharmaceutical executive Eli Lilly in the 1930s, Conner Prairie living history museum now recreates life in Indiana in the 1800s on the White River and preserves the William Conner home (listed on the National Register of Historic Places).
    1610IND-127.jpg
  • Blacksmith hammer strikes out slag from glowing iron. Conner Prairie Interactive History Park provides family-friendly fun for all ages in Fishers, Indiana, USA. Founded by pharmaceutical executive Eli Lilly in the 1930s, Conner Prairie living history museum now recreates life in Indiana in the 1800s on the White River and preserves the William Conner home (listed on the National Register of Historic Places).
    1610IND-096.jpg
  • Blacksmith hammer strikes out slag from glowing iron. Conner Prairie Interactive History Park provides family-friendly fun for all ages in Fishers, Indiana, USA. Founded by pharmaceutical executive Eli Lilly in the 1930s, Conner Prairie living history museum now recreates life in Indiana in the 1800s on the White River and preserves the William Conner home (listed on the National Register of Historic Places).
    1610IND-090.jpg
  • Blacksmith demonstration. Conner Prairie Interactive History Park provides family-friendly fun for all ages in Fishers, Indiana, USA. Founded by pharmaceutical executive Eli Lilly in the 1930s, Conner Prairie living history museum now recreates life in Indiana in the 1800s on the White River and preserves the William Conner home (listed on the National Register of Historic Places). For licensing options, please inquire.
    1610IND-081.jpg
  • Built in 1823 from bricks made and fired on site, the preserved Federal-style home of William Conner is now listed on the National Register of Historic Places. William Conner (1777-1855) was a fur trader, farmer, land speculator, miller, merchant and politician. Conner Prairie Interactive History Park provides family-friendly fun for all ages in Fishers, Indiana, USA. Founded by pharmaceutical executive Eli Lilly in the 1930s, Conner Prairie living history museum now recreates life in Indiana in the 1800s on the White River.
    1610IND-059.jpg
  • 1800s map of Indiana Territory. In the 1800s, Indiana Territory was in the northwest USA. Conner Prairie Interactive History Park provides family-friendly fun for all ages in Fishers, Indiana, USA. Founded by pharmaceutical executive Eli Lilly in the 1930s, Conner Prairie living history museum now recreates life in Indiana in the 1800s on the White River and preserves the William Conner home (listed on the National Register of Historic Places).
    1610IND-042.jpg
  • The Mini Bubbler Wurlitzer Jukebox Crosley WR18 is an 18-inch replica of a Wurlitzer JukeBox, with neon lights, bubbling tubes, radio and CD player. Fans of movies and television shouldn't miss the Museum of Western Film History, 701 S. Main Street, Lone Pine, California, 93545, USA. (Formerly called the Beverly and Jim Rogers Museum of Lone Pine Film History.) Web site: www.lonepinefilmhistorymuseum.org
    1507CAL-1416.jpg
  • Training school costume with sword from the film Gladiator (2000), from the Jim Rogers Collection. Scenes of actor Russell Crow riding through "Spain" in Gladiator were filmed in BLM Alabama Hills Recreation Area with looming Sierra Nevada peaks as backdrop, near Lone Pine. Fans of movies and television shouldn't miss the Museum of Western Film History, 701 S. Main Street, Lone Pine, California, 93545, USA(formerly called the Beverly and Jim Rogers Museum of Lone Pine Film History until renamed in 2015). Web site: www.lonepinefilmhistorymuseum.org
    1507CAL-1405.jpg
  • Zorro rears his white horse and his whip magically spells Zorro cursively in the air, in this photograph gifted by the Witney Family to the Beverly and Jim Rogers Museum of Lone Pine Film History. Director William Witney directed two Zorro serials: Zorro Rides again (1937) and Zorro's Fighting Legion (1939). Zorro (Spanish for fox) is the secret identity of Don Diego de la Vega, a fictional character created in 1919 by New York-based pulp writer Johnston McCulley. Zorro is a Californio nobleman of Spaniard and Native Californian descent, living in Los Angeles during the era of Spanish rule. The character has been featured in numerous books, films, television series, and other media. The typical image of him is a dashing black-clad masked outlaw who defends the commoners and indigenous peoples of the land against tyrannical officials and other villains. Not only is he too cunning and foxlike for the bumbling authorities to catch, but he also delights in publicly humiliating them. / In 2015, this fascinating museum (where this Zorro photo is hung) was renamed the Museum of Western Film History. Visit it at 701 S. Main Street, Lone Pine, California, 93545, USA. Web site: www.lonepinefilmhistorymuseum.org
    1507CAL-1400.jpg
  • Panavision Panaflex Gold II movie camera (1987 model). Fans of movies and television shouldn't miss the Museum of Western Film History, 701 S. Main Street, Lone Pine, California, 93545, USA. (Formerly called the Beverly and Jim Rogers Museum of Lone Pine Film History.) Web site: www.lonepinefilmhistorymuseum.org
    1507CAL-1395.jpg
  • Ridable horses at the history of children's toys exhibit at York Castle Museum, founded in 1938 by Dr John Kirk, a doctor from Pickering, North Yorkshire. The museum houses Kirk's extraordinary collection of social history, reflecting everyday life in the county, including a fullscale Victorian reconstruction of Kirkgate street, a recreated Jacobean dining rooms (1567–1625), and exhibits on the First World War through the 1960s. The York Castle Museum is housed in a former debtors' prison (built in 1701–05 using stone from castle ruins) and in an adjoining former women's prison (built 1780–85) in North Yorkshire, England. Originally built by William the Conqueror in 1068, York Castle features a ruined keep now called "Clifford's Tower."
    17UK2-1111_England.jpg
  • Simple 1800s bed and bedpan. Conner Prairie Interactive History Park provides family-friendly fun for all ages in Fishers, Indiana, USA. Founded by pharmaceutical executive Eli Lilly in the 1930s, Conner Prairie living history museum now recreates life in Indiana in the 1800s on the White River and preserves the William Conner home (listed on the National Register of Historic Places).
    1610IND-184.jpg
  • An actor portraying an 1800s potter contemplates a lump of clay as he kicks his wheel demonstration up to speed before making a cup. Conner Prairie Interactive History Park provides family-friendly fun for all ages in Fishers, Indiana, USA. Founded by pharmaceutical executive Eli Lilly in the 1930s, Conner Prairie living history museum now recreates life in Indiana in the 1800s on the White River and preserves the William Conner home (listed on the National Register of Historic Places). For licensing options, please inquire.
    1610IND-145.jpg
  • Blacksmith demonstration. Conner Prairie Interactive History Park provides family-friendly fun for all ages in Fishers, Indiana, USA. Founded by pharmaceutical executive Eli Lilly in the 1930s, Conner Prairie living history museum now recreates life in Indiana in the 1800s on the White River and preserves the William Conner home (listed on the National Register of Historic Places).
    1610IND-078.jpg
  • Yarn spinning wheel demonstration. Conner Prairie Interactive History Park provides family-friendly fun for all ages in Fishers, Indiana, USA. Founded by pharmaceutical executive Eli Lilly in the 1930s, Conner Prairie living history museum now recreates life in Indiana in the 1800s on the White River and preserves the William Conner home (listed on the National Register of Historic Places).
    1610IND-062.jpg
  • A cowboy boot in a wheelbarrow greets visitor to the fascinating Museum of Western Film History, 701 S. Main Street, Lone Pine, California, 93545, USA. (Formerly called the Beverly and Jim Rogers Museum of Lone Pine Film History.) Web site: www.lonepinefilmhistorymuseum.org
    1507CAL-1424.jpg
  • Boots and pistols used by Roy Rogers. Roy Rogers (born Leonard Franklin Slye in 1911, died in 1998) was an American singer and cowboy actor who was one of the most popular Western stars of his era. Known as the "King of the Cowboys", he appeared in over 100 films and numerous radio and television episodes of The Roy Rogers Show. He often appeared with his wife Dale Evans, his golden palomino Trigger, and his German Shepherd dog Bullet. His show ran on radio for nine years before moving to television from 1951 through 1957. His productions usually featured a sidekick, often Pat Brady, Andy Devine, or George "Gabby" Hayes. In his later years, Rogers lent his name to the Roy Rogers Restaurants franchise chain. Fans of movies and television shouldn't miss the Museum of Western Film History, 701 S. Main Street, Lone Pine, California, 93545, USA. (Formerly called the Beverly and Jim Rogers Museum of Lone Pine Film History.) Web site: www.lonepinefilmhistorymuseum.org
    1507CAL-1417.jpg
  • Stuffed heads of invasive feral goats, pigs, and deer educate visitors at Kokee Natural History Museum, Kauai, Hawaii, USA. The scenic Koke'e State Park is in northwestern Kauai in the Hawaiian Islands, USA. Perched on a plateau between 3200 and 4200 feet, the park gets temperatures at least 15 degrees Fahrenheit cooler than at sea level. Koke'e receives 50-100 inches of rain per year, mostly from October to May. Its forests are dominated by Acacia koa and ohia lehua (Metrosideros polymorpha) trees.
    1701HAW-1383.jpg
  • A costumed woman interprets history and bakes bread in the Barracks building at Fort Ross. Fort Ross State Historic Park preserves a former Russian colony (1812-1842) on the west coast of North America, in what is now Sonoma County, California, USA. Visit Fort Ross and dramatic coastal scenery 11 miles north of Jenner on California Highway One.  Initially, sea otter pelts funded Russian expansion, but by 1820, overhunting motivated the Russian-American Company to introduce moratoriums on hunting seals and otters, the first marine-mammal conservation laws in the Pacific. Russian voyages greatly expanded California's scientific knowledge. For centuries before Europeans arrived, this site was called Metini and had been occupied by the Kashaya band of Pomo people who wove intricate baskets and harvested sea life, plants, acorns, deer, and small mammals. Sponsored by the Russian Empire, "Settlement Ross" was multicultural, built mostly by Alaskan Alutiiq natives and occupied mostly by native Siberians, Alaskans, Hawaiians, Californians, and mixed Europeans. Renamed "Ross" in 1812 in honor of Imperial Russian (Rossiia), Fortress Ross was intended to grow wheat and other crops to feed Russians living in Alaska, but after 30 years was found to be unsustainable. Fort Ross was sold to John Sutter in 1841, and his trusted assistant John Bidwell transported its hardware and animals to Sutter's Fort in the Sacramento Valley. Fort Ross is a landmark in European imperialism, which brought Spanish expanding west across the Atlantic Ocean and Russians spreading east across Siberia and the Pacific Ocean. In the early 1800s, Russians coming from the north met Spanish coming from the south along the Pacific Coast of California, followed by the USA arriving from the east in 1846 for the Mexican-American War. Today, Fort Ross is a California Historical Landmark and a National Historic Landmark. For licensing options, please inquire.
    1212CA-2189.jpg
  • A wagon with iron-bound wooden wheels stands outside a late 1800s livery stable preserved at the outdoor history museum of Nevada City, Montana, USA. Nevada City was a booming placer gold mining camp from 1863-1876, but quickly declined into a virtual ghost town. This fascinating town inspires you to imagination what life must have been like in early Montana when gold was discovered at nearby Alder Gulch. More than 90 buildings from across Montana have been gathered for preservation at Nevada City, mostly owned by the people of the State of Montana, and managed by the Montana Heritage Commission. In 2001, the excellent PBS television series "Frontier House" used one of the buildings and its furnishings to train families in re-creating pioneer life. A miner's court trial and hanging of George Ives in the main street of Nevada City was the catalyst for forming the Vigilantes, a group of citizens famous for taking justice into their own hands in 1863-1864. Directions: go 27 miles southeast of Twin Bridges, Montana on Highway 287.
    04MT-1036_Nevada-City-ghost-town.jpg
  • A kerosene lamp hangs in a glass window of a late 1800s cabin preserved at the outdoor history museum of Nevada City, Montana, USA. Nevada City was a booming placer gold mining camp from 1863-1876, but quickly declined into a virtual ghost town. This fascinating town inspires you to imagination what life must have been like in early Montana when gold was discovered at nearby Alder Gulch. More than 90 buildings from across Montana have been gathered for preservation at Nevada City, mostly owned by the people of the State of Montana, and managed by the Montana Heritage Commission. In 2001, the excellent PBS television series "Frontier House" used one of the buildings and its furnishings to train families in re-creating pioneer life. A miner's court trial and hanging of George Ives in the main street of Nevada City was the catalyst for forming the Vigilantes, a group of citizens famous for taking justice into their own hands in 1863-1864. Directions: go 27 miles southeast of Twin Bridges, Montana on Highway 287.
    04MT-1026_Nevada-City-ghost-town.jpg
  • Stuffed heads of invasive feral goats, pigs, and deer educate visitors at Kokee Natural History Museum, Kauai, Hawaii, USA. The scenic Koke'e State Park is in northwestern Kauai in the Hawaiian Islands, USA. Perched on a plateau between 3200 and 4200 feet, the park gets temperatures at least 15 degrees Fahrenheit cooler than at sea level. Koke'e receives 50-100 inches of rain per year, mostly from October to May. Its forests are dominated by Acacia koa and ohia lehua (Metrosideros polymorpha) trees.
    1701HAW-1382.jpg
  • This 3-seat, 9-passenger red Wells Fargo Express coach carried US Mail and passengers on rough roads in the West. This Celerity wagon was made by John Butterfield between 1858-1861 and much later converted with disc brakes for parade use. It was designed with half the weight of standard coaches and a lower floor for better shock absorption on rough, sandy, and steep trails. The name "Celerity" comes from the Latin root celer meaning swift. Celerity wagons covered 70 to 120 miles per day (averaging 4 to 7 miles per hour), making stops about every 20 miles. The Butterfield Overland Mail Trail was a stagecoach route operating from 1857 to 1861, carrying US mail starting from Memphis, Tennessee and St. Louis (Tipton), Missouri. The service routes converged at Fort Smith, Arkansas and passed through Indian Territory, New Mexico, and southern Arizona, ending in San Francisco. This particular wagon served the California towns of Stockton, Jamestown, Sonora, and Columbia. To discourage theft, gold and silver was not allowed on board; and the Butterfield Stage system was only attacked once, by Apaches. Fans of movies and television shouldn't miss the Museum of Western Film History, 701 S. Main Street, Lone Pine, California, 93545, USA. Web site: www.lonepinefilmhistorymuseum.org
    1507CAL-1418.jpg
  • This 3-seat, 9-passenger red Wells Fargo Express coach carried US Mail and passengers on rough roads in the West. This Celerity wagon was made by John Butterfield between 1858-1861 and much later converted with disc brakes for parade use. It was designed with half the weight of standard coaches and a lower floor for better shock absorption on rough, sandy, and steep trails. The name "Celerity" comes from the Latin root celer meaning swift. Celerity wagons covered 70 to 120 miles per day (averaging 4 to 7 miles per hour), making stops about every 20 miles. The Butterfield Overland Mail Trail was a stagecoach route operating from 1857 to 1861, carrying US mail starting from Memphis, Tennessee and St. Louis (Tipton), Missouri. The service routes converged at Fort Smith, Arkansas and passed through Indian Territory, New Mexico, and southern Arizona, ending in San Francisco. This particular wagon served the California towns of Stockton, Jamestown, Sonora, and Columbia. To discourage theft, gold and silver was not allowed on board; and the Butterfield Stage system was only attacked once, by Apaches. Fans of movies and television shouldn't miss the Museum of Western Film History, 701 S. Main Street, Lone Pine, California, 93545, USA. Web site: www.lonepinefilmhistorymuseum.org
    1507CAL-1408.jpg
  • The car from the film High Sierra (1941) is a 1937 Plymouth Coupe (loaned from the James E Rogers Collection), displayed at the Museum of Western Film History, 701 S. Main Street, Lone Pine, California, 93545, USA. In the climactic movie sequence, "Mad Dog" Earle, played by Humphrey Bogart, flees from police by accelerating the Plymouth Coupe up scenic Whitney Portal Road. Web site: www.lonepinefilmhistorymuseum.org
    1507CAL-1406.jpg
  • A costumed woman interprets history and bakes bread in the Barracks building at Fort Ross. Fort Ross State Historic Park preserves a former Russian colony (1812-1842) on the west coast of North America, in what is now Sonoma County, California, USA. Visit Fort Ross and dramatic coastal scenery 11 miles north of Jenner on California Highway One.  Initially, sea otter pelts funded Russian expansion, but by 1820, overhunting motivated the Russian-American Company to introduce moratoriums on hunting seals and otters, the first marine-mammal conservation laws in the Pacific. Russian voyages greatly expanded California's scientific knowledge. For centuries before Europeans arrived, this site was called Metini and had been occupied by the Kashaya band of Pomo people who wove intricate baskets and harvested sea life, plants, acorns, deer, and small mammals. Sponsored by the Russian Empire, "Settlement Ross" was multicultural, built mostly by Alaskan Alutiiq natives and occupied mostly by native Siberians, Alaskans, Hawaiians, Californians, and mixed Europeans. Renamed "Ross" in 1812 in honor of Imperial Russian (Rossiia), Fortress Ross was intended to grow wheat and other crops to feed Russians living in Alaska, but after 30 years was found to be unsustainable. Fort Ross was sold to John Sutter in 1841, and his trusted assistant John Bidwell transported its hardware and animals to Sutter's Fort in the Sacramento Valley. Fort Ross is a landmark in European imperialism, which brought Spanish expanding west across the Atlantic Ocean and Russians spreading east across Siberia and the Pacific Ocean. In the early 1800s, Russians coming from the north met Spanish coming from the south along the Pacific Coast of California, followed by the USA arriving from the east in 1846 for the Mexican-American War. Today, Fort Ross is a California Historical Landmark and a National Historic Landmark. For licensing options, please inquire.
    1212CA-2187.jpg
  • The Botetourt Building, built circa 1770, is now the Gloucester Museum of History, in Virginia, USA. Known and remembered in Virginia as "Lord Botetourt," Norborne Berkeley, 4th Baron Botetourt (1718-1770) was governor of the Colony of Virginia from 1768 to 1770 and a member of Board of Visitors of the College of William & Mary at the capital of the Colony in Williamsburg, Virginia. Gloucester County Court House Square Historic Historic District is a state Historic Landmark. Keeping its rural character, Gloucester County is part of the Hampton Roads metropolitan area in the Commonwealth of Virginia, USA. Formed in 1651 in the Virginia Colony, the county was named for Henry Stuart, Duke of Gloucester, third son of King Charles I of Great Britain. Located in the Middle Peninsula region, the county borders the York River and the lower Chesapeake Bay, about 75 miles east of Virginia's capital, Richmond. Gloucester County was the site of Werowocomoco, a capital of the large and powerful Native American Powhatan Confederacy, which affiliated 30 tribes under a paramount chief. It was home to members of early colonial First Families of Virginia and important leaders in the period up to the American Revolutionary War.
    12VA-021.jpg
  • The Diamond City Building was built in 1864 in a town now washed away by hydraulic gold mining. The building was moved to the outdoor history museum of Nevada City, Montana, and was featured in movies such as "Return to Lonesome Dove" (1993) and "A Thousand Pieces of Gold" (1989). Nevada City was a booming placer gold mining camp from 1863-1876, but quickly declined into a virtual ghost town. This fascinating town inspires you to imagination what life must have been like in early Montana when gold was discovered at nearby Alder Gulch. More than 90 buildings from across Montana have been gathered for preservation at Nevada City, mostly owned by the people of the State of Montana, and managed by the Montana Heritage Commission. In 2001, the excellent PBS television series "Frontier House" used one of the buildings and its furnishings to train families in re-creating pioneer life. A miner's court trial and hanging of George Ives in the main street of Nevada City was the catalyst for forming the Vigilantes, a group of citizens famous for taking justice into their own hands in 1863-1864. Directions: go 27 miles southeast of Twin Bridges, Montana on Highway 287.
    04MT-1056_Nevada-City_Diamond-City-B...jpg
  • A wagon with iron-bound wooden wheels stands outside late 1800s wooden buildings preserved at the outdoor history museum of Nevada City, Montana, USA. Nevada City was a booming placer gold mining camp from 1863-1876, but quickly declined into a virtual ghost town. This fascinating town inspires you to imagination what life must have been like in early Montana when gold was discovered at nearby Alder Gulch. More than 90 buildings from across Montana have been gathered for preservation at Nevada City, mostly owned by the people of the State of Montana, and managed by the Montana Heritage Commission. In 2001, the excellent PBS television series "Frontier House" used one of the buildings and its furnishings to train families in re-creating pioneer life. A miner's court trial and hanging of George Ives in the main street of Nevada City was the catalyst for forming the Vigilantes, a group of citizens famous for taking justice into their own hands in 1863-1864. Directions: go 27 miles southeast of Twin Bridges, Montana on Highway 287.
    04MT-1044_Nevada-City-ghost-town.jpg
  • The Chinese Temple built in 1890 Butte, Montana, was moved to the outdoor history museum at Nevada City, Montana, USA. In 1870, Chinese people (nearly all male) made up 10% of the territorial population of Montana. Territorial laws prohibited "China Men" from owning placer claims, so they mined the leavings of others or performed laundry or domestic service, which was always in great demand. Today, Nevada City contains several fascinating Chinese buildings built about 1890, mostly moved here from Butte, Montana. Nevada City was a booming placer gold mining camp from 1863-1876, but quickly declined into a virtual ghost town. This fascinating town inspires you to imagination what life must have been like in early Montana when gold was discovered at nearby Alder Gulch. More than 90 buildings from across Montana have been gathered for preservation at Nevada City, mostly owned by the people of the State of Montana, and managed by the Montana Heritage Commission. In 2001, the excellent PBS television series "Frontier House" used one of the buildings and its furnishings to train families in re-creating pioneer life. A miner's court trial and hanging of George Ives in the main street of Nevada City was the catalyst for forming the Vigilantes, a group of citizens famous for taking justice into their own hands in 1863-1864. Directions: go 27 miles southeast of Twin Bridges, Montana on Highway 287.
    04MT-1021_Nevada-City_Chinese_Temple...jpg
  • A Chinese portrait hangs by an old wood stove and boxes in a frontier cabin built in 1890 in Butte and moved to the outdoor history museum of Nevada City, Montana, USA. In 1870, Chinese people (nearly all male) made up 10% of the territorial population of Montana. Territorial laws prohibited "China Men" from owning placer claims, so they mined the leavings of others or performed laundry or domestic service, which was always in great demand. Today Nevada City contains several fascinating Chinese buildings built about 1890, mostly moved here from Butte, Montana. Nevada City was a booming placer gold mining camp from 1863-1876, but quickly declined into a virtual ghost town. This fascinating town inspires you to imagination what life must have been like in early Montana when gold was discovered at nearby Alder Gulch. More than 90 buildings from across Montana have been gathered for preservation at Nevada City, mostly owned by the people of the State of Montana, and managed by the Montana Heritage Commission. In 2001, the excellent PBS television series "Frontier House" used one of the buildings and its furnishings to train families in re-creating pioneer life. A miner's court trial and hanging of George Ives in the main street of Nevada City was the catalyst for forming the Vigilantes, a group of citizens famous for taking justice into their own hands in 1863-1864. Directions: go 27 miles southeast of Twin Bridges, Montana on Highway 287.
    04MT-1010_Nevada-City_stove_Butte-Ch...jpg
  • Fountains at the Museum of History and Industry (MOHAI), South Lake Union, Seattle, Washington, USA.
    170529_115155.jpg
  • A wagon with iron-bound wooden carriage wheels stands outside a late 1800s livery stable preserved at the outdoor history museum of Nevada City, Montana, USA. Nevada City was a booming placer gold mining camp from 1863-1876, but quickly declined into a virtual ghost town. This fascinating town inspires you to imagination what life must have been like in early Montana when gold was discovered at nearby Alder Gulch. More than 90 buildings from across Montana have been gathered for preservation at Nevada City, mostly owned by the people of the State of Montana, and managed by the Montana Heritage Commission. In 2001, the excellent PBS television series "Frontier House" used one of the buildings and its furnishings to train families in re-creating pioneer life. A miner's court trial and hanging of George Ives in the main street of Nevada City was the catalyst for forming the Vigilantes, a group of citizens famous for taking justice into their own hands in 1863-1864. Directions: go 27 miles southeast of Twin Bridges, Montana on Highway 287.
    04MT-1037_Nevada-City-ghost-town.jpg
  • Iron-bound wooden wheels decay and rust outside a late 1800s wood building preserved in the outdoor history museum of Nevada City, Montana, USA. Nevada City was a booming placer gold mining camp from 1863-1876, but quickly declined into a virtual ghost town. This fascinating town inspires you to imagination what life must have been like in early Montana when gold was discovered at nearby Alder Gulch. More than 90 buildings from across Montana have been gathered for preservation at Nevada City, mostly owned by the people of the State of Montana, and managed by the Montana Heritage Commission. In 2001, the excellent PBS television series "Frontier House" used one of the buildings and its furnishings to train families in re-creating pioneer life. A miner's court trial and hanging of George Ives in the main street of Nevada City was the catalyst for forming the Vigilantes, a group of citizens famous for taking justice into their own hands in 1863-1864. Directions: go 27 miles southeast of Twin Bridges, Montana on Highway 287.
    04MT-1033_Nevada-City-ghost-town.jpg
  • A historic 1913 clock stands 15 feet high outside of the Museum of History and Industry (MOHAI), in the South Lake Union neighborhood of Seattle, Washington, USA. This clock was built by Joseph Mayer in 1913 and was installed in 1915 in front of Carroll's Jewelers at Fourth Avenue and Pike Street in Seattle. The clock was donated to MOHAI and installed in 2008. The mechanical clock required winding once a week until the innards were stolen over Christmas 2009. The clock face reads "Carroll's Diamonds - Watches." MOHAI is the largest private heritage organization in the State of Washington.
    1307BOA-019.jpg
  • Tour boats moor in the harbor of active volcanic island Nea Kameni, in the southern Aegean Sea, Greece. The town of Fira perches on 700-foot-high volcanic cliffs on Santorini Island to escape summer heat and pirates of the past. Geologic and human history of Santorini: Humans first arrived around 3000 BC on this volcano known in ancient times as Thira (or Thera). The island was a volcanic cone with a circular shoreline until 1646 BC, when one of earths most violent explosions blasted ash all over the Mediterranean, sunk the center of the island, launched tidal waves, and may have ruined the Minoan civilization 70 miles away on Crete. Remarkably, volcanic ash dumped onto the volcanos flanks actually preserved the village of Akrotiri and its 3600-year-old frescoes from the Minoan era. These are some of the earliest known examples of world art history, which you can now view in museums. In 286 BC, the volcano split off Thirasia (Little Thira) Island (to the West). The volcano began rebuilding, and in 197 BC the small center islet of Palia Kameni appeared. In 1707 CE, lava started forming Nea Kameni, the larger center island which erupted as recently as 1956 and caused a huge earthquake (7.8 on the Richter scale) which destroyed most of the houses in the towns of Fira and Oia. Fira and Oia have since been rebuilt as multi-level mazes of fascinating whitewashed architecture, attracting tourists from around the world. Published in "Sparks", the newsletter for the Museum of Science, Boston February/March 2006.
    01GRE-10-15_Nea-Kameni_Santorini.jpg
  • Pioneer Air Museum displays the history of interior and arctic Alaskan aviation. Pioneer Park, in Fairbanks, Alaska, USA. Pioneer Park, run by the Fairbanks North Star Borough Department of Parks and Recreation, commemorates early Alaskan history with museums and historic displays. Pioneer Park was opened in 1967 as Alaska 67 Centennial Exposition to celebrate the centennial of the Alaska Purchase. After being given first to the state and then to the city, Mayor Red Boucher renamed the site Alaskaland, which was changed to its present name in 2001. This image was stitched from multiple overlapping photos.
    1906AKH-1751-p1-Pano.jpg
  • Antique vending machine for Kodak Film No. 120 for 3 1/4 x 2 1/4 inch cameras. York Castle Museum was founded in 1938 by Dr John Kirk, a doctor from Pickering, North Yorkshire. The museum houses Kirk's extraordinary collection of social history, reflecting everyday life in the county, including a fullscale Victorian reconstruction of Kirkgate street, a recreated Jacobean dining rooms (1567–1625), a history of children's toys, and exhibits on the First World War through the 1960s. The York Castle Museum is housed in a former debtors' prison (built in 1701–05 using stone from castle ruins) and in an adjoining former women's prison (built 1780–85) in North Yorkshire, England. Originally built by William the Conqueror in 1068, York Castle features a ruined keep now called "Clifford's Tower."
    17UK2-1166_England.jpg
  • Ineffective World War I bulletproof vest. Scheduled to run through 2018 at York Castle Museum, the First World War Exhibition, "1914: When the World Changed Forever" opened on 28 June 2014, exactly 100 years after Archduke Franz Ferdinand was assassinated, sparking a chain of events leading to war. York Castle Museum was founded in 1938 by Dr John Kirk, a doctor from Pickering, North Yorkshire. The museum houses Kirk's extraordinary collection of social history, reflecting everyday life in the county, including a fullscale Victorian reconstruction of Kirkgate street, a recreated Jacobean dining rooms (1567–1625), a history of children's toys, and exhibits on the First World War through the 1960s. The York Castle Museum is housed in a former debtors' prison (built in 1701–05 using stone from castle ruins) and in an adjoining former women's prison (built 1780–85) in North Yorkshire, England. Originally built by William the Conqueror in 1068, York Castle features a ruined keep now called "Clifford's Tower."
    17UK2-1156_England.jpg
  • Cigarette trade cards were issued by tobacco manufacturers in the late 1800s and early 1900s to stiffen cigarette packaging and advertise their brands.<br />
Scheduled to run through 2018 at York Castle Museum, the First World War Exhibition, "1914: When the World Changed Forever" opened on 28 June 2014, exactly 100 years after Archduke Franz Ferdinand was assassinated, sparking a chain of events leading to war. York Castle Museum was founded in 1938 by Dr John Kirk, a doctor from Pickering, North Yorkshire. The museum houses Kirk's extraordinary collection of social history, reflecting everyday life in the county, including a fullscale Victorian reconstruction of Kirkgate street, a recreated Jacobean dining rooms (1567–1625), a history of children's toys, and exhibits on the First World War through the 1960s. The York Castle Museum is housed in a former debtors' prison (built in 1701–05 using stone from castle ruins) and in an adjoining former women's prison (built 1780–85) in North Yorkshire, England. Originally built by William the Conqueror in 1068, York Castle features a ruined keep now called "Clifford's Tower."
    17UK2-1151_England.jpg
  • Cliffords Tower is the keep of the medieval Norman castle. York Castle Museum was founded in 1938 by Dr John Kirk, a doctor from Pickering, North Yorkshire. The museum houses Kirk's extraordinary collection of social history, reflecting everyday life in the county, including a fullscale Victorian reconstruction of Kirkgate street, a recreated Jacobean dining rooms (1567–1625), a history of children's toys, and exhibits on the First World War through the 1960s. The York Castle Museum is housed in a former debtors' prison (built in 1701–05 using stone from castle ruins) and in an adjoining former women's prison (built 1780–85) in North Yorkshire, England. Originally built by William the Conqueror in 1068, York Castle features a ruined keep now called "Clifford's Tower."
    17UK2-1009_England.jpg
  • Pioneer Air Museum displays the history of interior and arctic Alaskan aviation. Pioneer Park, in Fairbanks, Alaska, USA. Pioneer Park, run by the Fairbanks North Star Borough Department of Parks and Recreation, commemorates early Alaskan history with museums and historic displays. Pioneer Park was opened in 1967 as Alaska 67 Centennial Exposition to celebrate the centennial of the Alaska Purchase. After being given first to the state and then to the city, Mayor Red Boucher renamed the site Alaskaland, which was changed to its present name in 2001.
    1906AKH-1788.jpg
  • Pioneer Air Museum displays the history of interior and arctic Alaskan aviation. Pioneer Park, in Fairbanks, Alaska, USA. Pioneer Park, run by the Fairbanks North Star Borough Department of Parks and Recreation, commemorates early Alaskan history with museums and historic displays. Pioneer Park was opened in 1967 as Alaska 67 Centennial Exposition to celebrate the centennial of the Alaska Purchase. After being given first to the state and then to the city, Mayor Red Boucher renamed the site Alaskaland, which was changed to its present name in 2001.
    1906AKH-1691.jpg
  • WWI ration cards, cash register. Scheduled to run through 2018 at York Castle Museum, the First World War Exhibition, "1914: When the World Changed Forever" opened on 28 June 2014, exactly 100 years after Archduke Franz Ferdinand was assassinated, sparking a chain of events leading to war. York Castle Museum was founded in 1938 by Dr John Kirk, a doctor from Pickering, North Yorkshire. The museum houses Kirk's extraordinary collection of social history, reflecting everyday life in the county, including a fullscale Victorian reconstruction of Kirkgate street, a recreated Jacobean dining rooms (1567–1625), a history of children's toys, and exhibits on the First World War through the 1960s. The York Castle Museum is housed in a former debtors' prison (built in 1701–05 using stone from castle ruins) and in an adjoining former women's prison (built 1780–85) in North Yorkshire, England. Originally built by William the Conqueror in 1068, York Castle features a ruined keep now called "Clifford's Tower."
    17UK2-1159_England.jpg
  • Gas mask from the First World War. Scheduled to run through 2018 at York Castle Museum, the First World War Exhibition, "1914: When the World Changed Forever" opened on 28 June 2014, exactly 100 years after Archduke Franz Ferdinand was assassinated, sparking a chain of events leading to war. York Castle Museum was founded in 1938 by Dr John Kirk, a doctor from Pickering, North Yorkshire. The museum houses Kirk's extraordinary collection of social history, reflecting everyday life in the county, including a fullscale Victorian reconstruction of Kirkgate street, a recreated Jacobean dining rooms (1567–1625), a history of children's toys, and exhibits on the First World War through the 1960s. The York Castle Museum is housed in a former debtors' prison (built in 1701–05 using stone from castle ruins) and in an adjoining former women's prison (built 1780–85) in North Yorkshire, England. Originally built by William the Conqueror in 1068, York Castle features a ruined keep now called "Clifford's Tower."
    17UK2-1158_England.jpg
  • Barbed wire on Exit stairwell. Scheduled to run through 2018 at York Castle Museum, the First World War Exhibition, "1914: When the World Changed Forever" opened on 28 June 2014, exactly 100 years after Archduke Franz Ferdinand was assassinated, sparking a chain of events leading to war. York Castle Museum was founded in 1938 by Dr John Kirk, a doctor from Pickering, North Yorkshire. The museum houses Kirk's extraordinary collection of social history, reflecting everyday life in the county, including a fullscale Victorian reconstruction of Kirkgate street, a recreated Jacobean dining rooms (1567–1625), a history of children's toys, and exhibits on the First World War through the 1960s. The York Castle Museum is housed in a former debtors' prison (built in 1701–05 using stone from castle ruins) and in an adjoining former women's prison (built 1780–85) in North Yorkshire, England. Originally built by William the Conqueror in 1068, York Castle features a ruined keep now called "Clifford's Tower."
    17UK2-1157_England.jpg
  • An English soldier's kit from the First World War includes silverware, hair brushes, shaving blade and black boot polish. Scheduled to run through 2018 at York Castle Museum, the First World War Exhibition, "1914: When the World Changed Forever" opened on 28 June 2014, exactly 100 years after Archduke Franz Ferdinand was assassinated, sparking a chain of events leading to war. York Castle Museum was founded in 1938 by Dr John Kirk, a doctor from Pickering, North Yorkshire. The museum houses Kirk's extraordinary collection of social history, reflecting everyday life in the county, including a fullscale Victorian reconstruction of Kirkgate street, a recreated Jacobean dining rooms (1567–1625), a history of children's toys, and exhibits on the First World War through the 1960s. The York Castle Museum is housed in a former debtors' prison (built in 1701–05 using stone from castle ruins) and in an adjoining former women's prison (built 1780–85) in North Yorkshire, England. Originally built by William the Conqueror in 1068, York Castle features a ruined keep now called "Clifford's Tower."
    17UK2-1149_England.jpg
  • "A man with fishes" is copied small by modern artist Spanos from a Minoan era fresco (originally 53 inches high) dating from 1500 BC. Volcanic ash preserved ancient frescoes at Akrotiri on Santorini Island, Greece. Artists paint frescoes on wet plaster, which allows dyes to sink in for greater permanence, but requires the artist to paint much more quickly than on dry plaster. This affects the flow of line and style. Geologic and human history of Santorini: Humans first arrived around 3000 BC on this volcano known in ancient times as Thira (or Thera). The island was a volcanic cone with a circular shoreline until 1646 BC, when one of earths most violent explosions blasted ash all over the Mediterranean, sunk the center of the island, launched tidal waves, and may have ruined the Minoan civilization 70 miles away on Crete. Remarkably, volcanic ash dumped onto the volcanos flanks actually preserved the village of Akrotiri and its 3600-year-old frescoes from the Minoan era. These are some of the earliest known examples of world art history, which you can now view in museums. In 286 BC, the volcano split off Thirasia (Little Thira) Island (to the West). The volcano began rebuilding, and in 197 BC the small center islet of Palia Kameni appeared. In 1707 CE, lava started forming Nea Kameni, the larger center island which erupted as recently as 1956 and caused a huge earthquake (7.8 on the Richter scale) which destroyed most of the houses in the towns of Fira and Oia. Fira and Oia have since been rebuilt as multi-level mazes of fascinating whitewashed architecture, attracting tourists from around the world.
    01GRE-16-10_Akrotiri-man-fishes-fres...jpg
  • Tour boats moor in the harbor of active volcanic island Nea Kameni, in the southern Aegean Sea, Greece. The town of Fira perches on 700-foot-high volcanic cliffs on Santorini Island to escape summer heat and pirates of the past. Geologic and human history of Santorini: Humans first arrived around 3000 BC on this volcano known in ancient times as Thira (or Thera). The island was a volcanic cone with a circular shoreline until 1646 BC, when one of earths most violent explosions blasted ash all over the Mediterranean, sunk the center of the island, launched tidal waves, and may have ruined the Minoan civilization 70 miles away on Crete. Remarkably, volcanic ash dumped onto the volcanos flanks actually preserved the village of Akrotiri and its 3600-year-old frescoes from the Minoan era. These are some of the earliest known examples of world art history, which you can now view in museums. In 286 BC, the volcano split off Thirasia (Little Thira) Island (to the West). The volcano began rebuilding, and in 197 BC the small center islet of Palia Kameni appeared. In 1707 CE, lava started forming Nea Kameni, the larger center island which erupted as recently as 1956 and caused a huge earthquake (7.8 on the Richter scale) which destroyed most of the houses in the towns of Fira and Oia. Fira and Oia have since been rebuilt as multi-level mazes of fascinating whitewashed architecture, attracting tourists from around the world. Published in "Sparks", the newsletter for the Museum of Science, Boston February/March 2006.
    01GRE-10-32_boats-Santorini.jpg
  • Bell towers and blue-domed Greek Orthodox Churches grace the village of Oia on Santorini Island, an ancient volcanic caldera rim in the Aegean Sea, in Greece, Europe. Woven rugs bask in sunshine. Geologic and human history of Santorini: Humans first arrived around 3000 BC on this volcano known in ancient times as Thira (or Thera). The island was a volcanic cone with a circular shoreline until 1646 BC, when one of earths most violent explosions blasted ash all over the Mediterranean, sunk the center of the island, launched tidal waves, and may have ruined the Minoan civilization 70 miles away on Crete. Remarkably, volcanic ash dumped onto the volcanos flanks actually preserved the village of Akrotiri and its 3600-year-old frescoes from the Minoan era. These are some of the earliest known examples of world art history, which you can now view in museums. In 286 BC, the volcano split off Thirasia (Little Thira) Island (to the West). The volcano began rebuilding, and in 197 BC the small center islet of Palia Kameni appeared. In 1707 CE, lava started forming Nea Kameni, the larger center island which erupted as recently as 1956 and caused a huge earthquake (7.8 on the Richter scale) which destroyed most of the houses in the towns of Fira and Oia. Fira and Oia have since been rebuilt as multi-level mazes of fascinating whitewashed architecture, attracting tourists from around the world.
    01GRE-06-32_Oia-churches-rugs.jpg
  • John Mitchell’s 1775 map shows the British colonies in North America extending indefinitely west, overriding rival French claims. First published in 1755, the map's pro-English interpretation of boundaries and geography served as a political tool (propaganda) during the French and Indian War (1754–1763, part of the global Seven Years' War). Mitchell’s important map guided the Treaty of Paris peace negotiations between Great Britain and her former American colonies in 1783 and helped resolve many later treaty negotiations and boundary disputes as recently as 1932 for the United States (USA). Thomas Jefferson recommended that Nicholas King use Mitchell’s map in preparing a new map for Meriwether Lewis, saying: “it was made with great care we know from what is laid down in those western parts with which we have lately become acquainted.” Notice how British Colonial claims of Virginia, Georgia, North and South Carolina extend beyond the Mississippi towards the Pacific Ocean, and Virginia spreads north into present-day Michigan. See the map at the Governor's Palace tour at Colonial Williamsburg, the historic district of Williamsburg (colonial Virginia's capital from 1699 to 1780). Map title for this 1775 version (the fourth edition): "A Map of the British Colonies in North America with the Roads, Distances, Limits, and extent of the Settlements, Humbly Inscribed to the Right Honourable the Earl of Halifax, and the other Right Honourable the Lords Commissioners for Trade & Plantations by Their Lordships most obliged and very humble servant, John Mitchell."
    08VA-1300_Colonial-Williamsburg-VA.jpg
  • The Sedman House was built in 1873 in Junction City (1.5 miles north of Nevada City), Montana, USA, for rancher, gold miner and legislator Oscar Sedman. It later became the Junction Hotel, a stable, and finally was moved to Nevada City for preservation. This Victorian era living room is furnished with piano, wood stove, red velvet padded chairs, table, books, pictures hung on wall. Nevada City was a booming placer gold mining camp from 1863-1876, but quickly declined into a virtual ghost town. This fascinating town inspires you to imagination what life must have been like in early Montana when gold was discovered at nearby Alder Gulch. More than 90 buildings from across Montana have been gathered for preservation at Nevada City, mostly owned by the people of the State of Montana, and managed by the Montana Heritage Commission. In 2001, the excellent PBS television series "Frontier House" used one of the buildings and its furnishings to train families in re-creating pioneer life. A miner's court trial and hanging of George Ives in the main street of Nevada City was the catalyst for forming the Vigilantes, a group of citizens famous for taking justice into their own hands in 1863-1864. Directions: go 27 miles southeast of Twin Bridges, Montana on Highway 287.
    04MT-1046_Nevada-City-ghost-townplus...jpg
  • The Moon rises over Pu'ukohola Heiau National Historic Site, which preserves an important Hawaiian temple on the Big Island of Hawaii, USA. Built to fulfill a historic prophecy, Puukohola Heiau is one of the last sacred structures built in the Hawaiian Islands before Christian influence. Kamehameha the Great (born in North Kohala) was advised by his kahuna (priest) to build Puukohola Heiau and dedicate it to the war god Kukailimoku (Ku) to help in his efforts to unite the Hawaiian Islands. The fortress-like heiau (sacred temple of the Hawaiian religion) was built overlooking the Kohala coast between 1790 and 1791. With help from European trade ships, warships, cannon, and military experience, King Kamehameha ultimately united the warring Hawaiian Islands in 1810. At the same time that George Washington was serving as the United States' first president, Kamehameha was using Puukohola Heiau to secure his mana or spiritual power to help unify the Hawaiian people. The massive structure (224 by 100 feet surrounded by walls 16-20 feet high) was built without mortar, using water-worn lava rocks believed to have been passed hand-by-hand in a human chain all the way from Pololu Valley, some 25 miles away. These lonely rocks on a dry desert hill mark an important era in Hawaiian history, just 28 miles north of Kona International Airport. Before it was made a state of the USA in 1959, Hawaii was previously an 1810 kingdom, 1893 protectorate, 1894 republic, and 1898 territory.
    1701HAW-3648.jpg
  • Bicyclist. In Appenzell village, the Rathaus (built 1560-83) houses the city hall, Appenzell Museum, tourist office and library, on Hauptgasse (Main Street), in Switzerland, Europe. The Rathaus facade mural was painted by August Schmid from Diessenhofen (1928). Appenzell Museum shows a cross section of the Swiss Canton's history and culture (1400s flags and banners, embroidery, folk art, and even historic torture instruments). Appenzell village is in Appenzell Innerrhoden, Switzerland's most traditional and smallest-population canton (second smallest by area).
    16SWI-0882-p1.jpg
  • The flag (Coat of Arms) of Appenzell is based on that of the Abbot of St. Gallen, who was the feudal lord until 1403. (The flag of the abbey showed a bear on a yellow field, and the independent territory Appenzell changed the field to white for its own flag.) The canton of Appenzell divided itself into an "inner" and "outer" half (Rhoden) as a consequence of the Reformation in Switzerland in 1597: Appenzell Innerrhoden (Catholic) and Appenzell Ausserrhoden (Protestant). Appenzell Museum, which is in the town hall, shows a cross section of the Swiss Canton's history and culture (1400s flags and banners, embroidery, folk art, and even historic torture instruments). Appenzell village is in Appenzell Innerrhoden, Switzerland's most traditional and smallest-population canton (second smallest by area).
    16SWI-0804.jpg
  • Appenzell Museum, which is in the town hall, shows a cross section of the Swiss Canton's history and culture (1400s flags and banners, embroidery, folk art, and even historic torture instruments). Appenzell village is in Appenzell Innerrhoden, Switzerland's most traditional and smallest-population canton (second smallest by area).
    16SWI-0675.jpg
  • A unique landscape of beautifully striped bedrock descends from Pemaquid Light to the Atlantic Ocean. Pemaquid Point Lighthouse was built in 1835 and commemorated on Maine's state quarter (released 2003). Visit Lighthouse Park at the tip of Pemaquid Neck in New Harbor, near Bristol, Lincoln County, Maine, USA. From Damariscotta on bustling US Highway 1, drive 15 miles south on Maine Route 130 to the park. The keeper's house (built 1857) is now the Fishermen's Museum at Pemaquid. Geologic history: Silurian Period sediments laid down 430 million years ago were metamorphosed underground into a gneiss 360-415 million years ago, and intruded by molten rock which cooled slowly, creating the park's exposed metamorphic gray rocks with dikes of harder, white igneous rock. Underground heat and pressure tortured and folded the rock layers into the striking patterns that are now pounded and polished by the sea and rough weather. The panorama was stitched from 4 overlapping photos.
    1410ME-668-671pan_Pemaquid-Point.jpg
  • Pinnacle Overlook (2440 feet elevation) in Virginia, in Cumberland Gap National Historic Park, rises 1400 feet above the town of Cumberland Gap, Tennessee. Tristate Peak rises to 1990 feet elevation on the middle right, where the states of Kentucky, Tennessee, and Virginia meet, as resolved in 1803. On the far right is the pass of Cumberland Gap (elevation 1600 feet / 488 meters) in the Cumberland Mountains region of the Appalachian Mountains, also known as the Cumberland Water Gap, famous in American history for its role as the chief passageway through the central Appalachians and as an important part of the Wilderness Road. Long used by Native Americans, the path was widened by a team of loggers led by Daniel Boone, making it accessible to pioneers, who used it to journey into the western frontiers of Kentucky and Tennessee. The gap was formed by an ancient creek, flowing southward, which cut through the land being pushed up to form the mountains. As the land rose even more, the creek reversed direction flowing into the Cumberland River to the north. Panorama stitched from 3 overlapping photos.
    08VA-2058-2060pan_Cumberland-Gap-2.jpg
  • A full-sized skeleton diorama of the Agate waterhole 20 million years ago shows two entelodont mammals and a small beardog scavenging a chalicothere carcass (related to horse and rhino), at Agate Fossil Beds National Monument, Harrison, Nebraska, USA. The entelodont (Dinohyus hollandi) was a hoofed mammal 6-8 feet tall at the shoulder, with powerful jaws and teeth for eating both carrion and plants. The smaller skeleton in the foreground  is a beardog (Daphoenodon superbus, the most common carnivore at the Agate waterhole site), which preyed upon juvenile rhinos, camels, and oreodonts. The chalicothere (Moropus elatus) was related to the horse and rhino, standing 6 feet tall at the shoulder and having 3-toed, claw-like hooves. Agate Fossil Beds National Monument boasts some of the most well-preserved Miocene fossils in the world. The park is near Harrison, Nebraska, USA. Agate’s grass-covered plains and flat-top buttes represent 20 million years of natural history. This valley of the Niobrara River contains important fossils found on Carnegie Hill and University Hill.
    2109NE-69.jpg
  • A full-sized skeleton diorama of the Agate waterhole 20 million years ago shows three startled chalicothere skeletons (Moropus elatus, related to the horse and rhino), standing 6 feet tall at the shoulder and having 3-toed, claw-like hooves. Agate Fossil Beds National Monument boasts some of the most well-preserved Miocene fossils in the world. The park is near Harrison, Nebraska, USA. Agate’s grass-covered plains and flat-top buttes represent 20 million years of natural history. This valley of the Niobrara River contains important fossils found on Carnegie Hill and University Hill.
    2109NE-67.jpg
  • A full-sized skeleton diorama of the Agate waterhole 20 million years ago shows three startled chalicothere skeletons (Moropus elatus, related to the horse and rhino), standing 6 feet tall at the shoulder and having 3-toed, claw-like hooves. Agate Fossil Beds National Monument boasts some of the most well-preserved Miocene fossils in the world. The park is near Harrison, Nebraska, USA. Agate’s grass-covered plains and flat-top buttes represent 20 million years of natural history. This valley of the Niobrara River contains important fossils found on Carnegie Hill and University Hill.
    2109NE-54.jpg
  • Lakota leader Red Cloud's shirt was made from 2 tanned antelope hides and decorated with dyed porcupine quills. Red Cloud gifted the shirt to James Cook, owner of Agate Springs Ranch. Agate Fossil Beds National Monument boasts some of the most well-preserved Miocene fossils in the world. The park is near Harrison, Nebraska, USA. Agate’s grass-covered plains and flat-top buttes represent 20 million years of natural history. This valley of the Niobrara River contains important fossils found on Carnegie Hill and University Hill.
    2109NE-38.jpg
  • A pattern of makeshift metal siding rusts on historic Madsen House. For a homespun taste of Patagonian history, don't miss the Andreas Madsen House Museum, seen via private tour led by Walk Patagonia, starting from their office at Avenida Antonio Rojo 62 (https://walk-trek.tur.ar) in El Chalten, Santa Cruz Province, Argentina, Patagonia, South America. Danish pioneer Andreas Madsen arrived in 1905 and built the first house in El Chaltén, on his farm named Estancia Cerro Fitz Roy. Walk an easy 6 km round trip to visit his family home along Rio de las Vueltas, within Los Glaciares National Park, in view of Cerro Fitz Roy (3405 m or 11,171 ft elevation). Chaltén comes from a Tehuelche word meaning "smoking mountain", due to clouds that usually form over Monte Fitz Roy. The town is 220 km north of El Calafate.
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  • The "Golden Heart Review" musical comedy is held nightly at the Palace Theatre in Gold Rush Town, Pioneer Park (Alaska’s only Historic Theme Park), Fairbanks, Alaska, USA. Through songs and stories, the polished, professional cast covers the historical highlights of Fairbanks, also known as "The Golden Heart City".  Pioneer Park, run by the Fairbanks North Star Borough Department of Parks and Recreation, commemorates early Alaskan history with museums and historic displays. Pioneer Park was opened in 1967 as Alaska 67 Centennial Exposition to celebrate the centennial of the Alaska Purchase. After being given first to the state and then to the city, Mayor Red Boucher renamed the site Alaskaland, which was changed to its present name in 2001.
    1906AKH-1854.jpg
  • A stuffed grizzly bear (Ursus arctos, or North American brown bear) menaces customers in a gift shop in Pioneer Park, Fairbanks, Alaska, USA. Pioneer Park, run by the Fairbanks North Star Borough Department of Parks and Recreation, commemorates early Alaskan history with museums and historic displays. Pioneer Park was opened in 1967 as Alaska 67 Centennial Exposition to celebrate the centennial of the Alaska Purchase. After being given first to the state and then to the city, Mayor Red Boucher renamed the site Alaskaland, which was changed to its present name in 2001.
    1906AKH-1820.jpg
  • Gitanyow Totem Poles, on the Kitwanga River in British Columbia, Canada. Listed as a National Historic Site of Canada, Gitanyow (formerly Kitwancool) village is a First Nations reserve community of about 400 Gitxsan people. Posted 1967 BC sign: "These stately monuments in cedar proclaim the owner's clan status and inherited family traditions, but were never associated with religion. Clan crests portrayed mythical creatures, sometimes in human form, from the legendary history of the clan." The word totem derives from the Algonquian word odoodem meaning "(his) kinship group". Gitanyow is on a short side loop off the scenic Stewart–Cassiar Highway (Highway 37, aka Dease Lake Highway), just 24 km north of the junction with Yellowhead Highway (Hwy 16).
    1906AKH-0865.jpg
  • Gitanyow Totem Poles, on the Kitwanga River in British Columbia, Canada. Listed as a National Historic Site of Canada, Gitanyow (formerly Kitwancool) village is a First Nations reserve community of about 400 Gitxsan people. Posted 1967 BC sign: "These stately monuments in cedar proclaim the owner's clan status and inherited family traditions, but were never associated with religion. Clan crests portrayed mythical creatures, sometimes in human form, from the legendary history of the clan." The word totem derives from the Algonquian word odoodem meaning "(his) kinship group". Gitanyow is on a short side loop off the scenic Stewart–Cassiar Highway (Highway 37, aka Dease Lake Highway), just 24 km north of the junction with Yellowhead Highway (Hwy 16).
    1906AKH-0846.jpg
  • Gitanyow Totem Poles, on the Kitwanga River in British Columbia, Canada. Listed as a National Historic Site of Canada, Gitanyow (formerly Kitwancool) village is a First Nations reserve community of about 400 Gitxsan people. Posted 1967 BC sign: "These stately monuments in cedar proclaim the owner's clan status and inherited family traditions, but were never associated with religion. Clan crests portrayed mythical creatures, sometimes in human form, from the legendary history of the clan." The word totem derives from the Algonquian word odoodem meaning "(his) kinship group". Gitanyow is on a short side loop off the scenic Stewart–Cassiar Highway (Highway 37, aka Dease Lake Highway), just 24 km north of the junction with Yellowhead Highway (Hwy 16).
    1906AKH-0853.jpg
  • Himeji Castle is both a national treasure and a UNESCO World Heritage Site, in Hyogo Prefecture, Japan. Unlike many other Japanese castles, it was never destroyed by war, earthquake or fire and survives to this day as one of the country's twelve original castles. History: Starting as forts built in 1333 and 1346, Himeji Castle (aka White Heron Castle or White Egret Castle) was remodeled in 1561, remodeled in 1581, enlarged in 1609 to its present complex, extensively repaired in 1956, and renovated in 2009-15. Displayed inside are historic samurai armour and swords. From the upper floors, view fish-shaped roof ornaments that are believed to protect from fire. Across the moat, visit Koko-en, a pleasing reconstruction of former samurai quarters, nine Edo period homes, plus movie-set gardens. Himeji Castle starred in the 1967 James Bond movie "You Only Live Twice"; in Akira Kurosawa's 1980 film "Kagemusha" and 1985 "Ran"; and in the 1980 television miniseries Shogun (portraying feudal Osaka castle). By train, Himeji is 3 hours round trip from Kyoto.
    1810JPN-7631.jpg
  • Rooftop fish sculpture "for fire protection" on Himeji Castle, built 1609, Hyogo Prefecture, Japan. Himeji Castle is both a national treasure and a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Unlike many other Japanese castles, it was never destroyed by war, earthquake or fire and survives to this day as one of the country's twelve original castles. History: Starting as forts built in 1333 and 1346, Himeji Castle (aka White Heron Castle or White Egret Castle) was remodeled in 1561, remodeled in 1581, enlarged in 1609 to its present complex, extensively repaired in 1956, and renovated in 2009-15. Displayed inside are historic samurai armour and swords. From the upper floors, view fish-shaped roof ornaments that are believed to protect from fire. Across the moat, visit Koko-en, a pleasing reconstruction of former samurai quarters, nine Edo period homes, plus movie-set gardens. Himeji Castle starred in the 1967 James Bond movie "You Only Live Twice"; in Akira Kurosawa's 1980 film "Kagemusha" and 1985 "Ran"; and in the 1980 television miniseries Shogun (portraying feudal Osaka castle). By train, Himeji is 3 hours round trip from Kyoto.
    1810JPN-7617.jpg
  • Rooftop view of Himeji Castle, built 1609, Hyogo Prefecture, Japan. Himeji Castle is both a national treasure and a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Unlike many other Japanese castles, it was never destroyed by war, earthquake or fire and survives to this day as one of the country's twelve original castles. History: Starting as forts built in 1333 and 1346, Himeji Castle (aka White Heron Castle or White Egret Castle) was remodeled in 1561, remodeled in 1581, enlarged in 1609 to its present complex, extensively repaired in 1956, and renovated in 2009-15. Displayed inside are historic samurai armour and swords. From the upper floors, view fish-shaped roof ornaments that are believed to protect from fire. Across the moat, visit Koko-en, a pleasing reconstruction of former samurai quarters, nine Edo period homes, plus movie-set gardens. Himeji Castle starred in the 1967 James Bond movie "You Only Live Twice"; in Akira Kurosawa's 1980 film "Kagemusha" and 1985 "Ran"; and in the 1980 television miniseries Shogun (portraying feudal Osaka castle). By train, Himeji is 3 hours round trip from Kyoto.
    1810JPN-7560.jpg
  • Rooftop fish sculpture "for fire protection" on Himeji Castle, built 1609, Hyogo Prefecture, Japan. Himeji Castle is both a national treasure and a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Unlike many other Japanese castles, it was never destroyed by war, earthquake or fire and survives to this day as one of the country's twelve original castles. History: Starting as forts built in 1333 and 1346, Himeji Castle (aka White Heron Castle or White Egret Castle) was remodeled in 1561, remodeled in 1581, enlarged in 1609 to its present complex, extensively repaired in 1956, and renovated in 2009-15. Displayed inside are historic samurai armour and swords. From the upper floors, view fish-shaped roof ornaments that are believed to protect from fire. Across the moat, visit Koko-en, a pleasing reconstruction of former samurai quarters, nine Edo period homes, plus movie-set gardens. Himeji Castle starred in the 1967 James Bond movie "You Only Live Twice"; in Akira Kurosawa's 1980 film "Kagemusha" and 1985 "Ran"; and in the 1980 television miniseries Shogun (portraying feudal Osaka castle). By train, Himeji is 3 hours round trip from Kyoto.
    1810JP2-239.jpg
  • Himeji Castle interior, built 1609, Hyogo Prefecture, Japan. Himeji Castle is both a national treasure and a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Unlike many other Japanese castles, it was never destroyed by war, earthquake or fire and survives to this day as one of the country's twelve original castles. History: Starting as forts built in 1333 and 1346, Himeji Castle (aka White Heron Castle or White Egret Castle) was remodeled in 1561, remodeled in 1581, enlarged in 1609 to its present complex, extensively repaired in 1956, and renovated in 2009-15. Displayed inside are historic samurai armour and swords. From the upper floors, view fish-shaped roof ornaments that are believed to protect from fire. Across the moat, visit Koko-en, a pleasing reconstruction of former samurai quarters, nine Edo period homes, plus movie-set gardens. Himeji Castle starred in the 1967 James Bond movie "You Only Live Twice"; in Akira Kurosawa's 1980 film "Kagemusha" and 1985 "Ran"; and in the 1980 television miniseries Shogun (portraying feudal Osaka castle). By train, Himeji is 3 hours round trip from Kyoto.
    1810JPN-7550.jpg
  • Kinkakuji (Golden Pavilion) is a Zen temple whose top two floors are covered in gold leaf, in Kyoto, Japan. Formally known as Rokuonji, the temple was the retirement villa of the shogun Ashikaga Yoshimitsu, and according to his will it became a Zen temple of the Rinzai sect after his death in 1408. Kinkakuji was the inspiration for the similarly named Ginkakuji (Silver Pavilion), built by Yoshimitsu's grandson, Ashikaga Yoshimasa, on the other side of the city a few decades later. Kinkakuji overlooks a large pond. It has burned down numerous times throughout its history including twice during the Onin War, a civil war that destroyed much of Kyoto; and once again more recently in 1950 when it was set on fire by a fanatic monk. The present structure was rebuilt in 1955. The first floor is built in the Shinden style used for palace buildings during the Heian Period. The second floor is built in the Bukke style used in samurai residences, with its exterior completely covered in gold leaf. The third and uppermost floor is built in the style of a Chinese Zen Hall, is gilded inside and out, and is capped with a golden phoenix.
    1810JPN-6340.jpg
  • Kinkakuji (Golden Pavilion) is a Zen temple whose top two floors are covered in gold leaf, in Kyoto, Japan. Formally known as Rokuonji, the temple was the retirement villa of the shogun Ashikaga Yoshimitsu, and according to his will it became a Zen temple of the Rinzai sect after his death in 1408. Kinkakuji was the inspiration for the similarly named Ginkakuji (Silver Pavilion), built by Yoshimitsu's grandson, Ashikaga Yoshimasa, on the other side of the city a few decades later. Kinkakuji overlooks a large pond. It has burned down numerous times throughout its history including twice during the Onin War, a civil war that destroyed much of Kyoto; and once again more recently in 1950 when it was set on fire by a fanatic monk. The present structure was rebuilt in 1955. The first floor is built in the Shinden style used for palace buildings during the Heian Period. The second floor is built in the Bukke style used in samurai residences, with its exterior completely covered in gold leaf. The third and uppermost floor is built in the style of a Chinese Zen Hall, is gilded inside and out, and is capped with a golden phoenix. This image was stitched from multiple overlapping photos.
    1810JPN-6300-p1-Pano.jpg
  • Kinkakuji (Golden Pavilion) is a Zen temple whose top two floors are covered in gold leaf, in Kyoto, Japan. Formally known as Rokuonji, the temple was the retirement villa of the shogun Ashikaga Yoshimitsu, and according to his will it became a Zen temple of the Rinzai sect after his death in 1408. Kinkakuji was the inspiration for the similarly named Ginkakuji (Silver Pavilion), built by Yoshimitsu's grandson, Ashikaga Yoshimasa, on the other side of the city a few decades later. Kinkakuji overlooks a large pond. It has burned down numerous times throughout its history including twice during the Onin War, a civil war that destroyed much of Kyoto; and once again more recently in 1950 when it was set on fire by a fanatic monk. The present structure was rebuilt in 1955. The first floor is built in the Shinden style used for palace buildings during the Heian Period. The second floor is built in the Bukke style used in samurai residences, with its exterior completely covered in gold leaf. The third and uppermost floor is built in the style of a Chinese Zen Hall, is gilded inside and out, and is capped with a golden phoenix. This image was stitched from multiple overlapping photos.
    1810JPN-6314-p1-Pano.jpg
  • Kinkakuji (Golden Pavilion) is a Zen temple whose top two floors are covered in gold leaf, in Kyoto, Japan. Formally known as Rokuonji, the temple was the retirement villa of the shogun Ashikaga Yoshimitsu, and according to his will it became a Zen temple of the Rinzai sect after his death in 1408. Kinkakuji was the inspiration for the similarly named Ginkakuji (Silver Pavilion), built by Yoshimitsu's grandson, Ashikaga Yoshimasa, on the other side of the city a few decades later. Kinkakuji overlooks a large pond. It has burned down numerous times throughout its history including twice during the Onin War, a civil war that destroyed much of Kyoto; and once again more recently in 1950 when it was set on fire by a fanatic monk. The present structure was rebuilt in 1955. The first floor is built in the Shinden style used for palace buildings during the Heian Period. The second floor is built in the Bukke style used in samurai residences, with its exterior completely covered in gold leaf. The third and uppermost floor is built in the style of a Chinese Zen Hall, is gilded inside and out, and is capped with a golden phoenix.
    1810JPN-6298.jpg
  • One of many buildings at Kumano Nachi Taisha shrine, in Nachikatsuura, Higashimuro District, Wakayama Prefecture, on the Kii Peninsula, Honshu, Japan. Kumano Nachi Taisha shrine was built in homage to Nachi-no-Taki waterfall's kami (spirit god). Don't miss the iconic view of thundering Nachi-no-Taki waterfall (133 m, Japan's tallest) paired with Seiganto-ji pagoda. Kumano Nachi Taisha shrine fuses Buddhist and Shinto influences along the 1000+ year pilgrimage routes of Kumano Kodo. For most of their history, the Buddhist Seiganto-ji and Shinto Kumano Nachi Taisha shrine functioned as one religious institution. The "Sacred Sites and Pilgrimage Routes in the Kii Mountain Range" form an impressive entry on UNESCO's List of World Heritage Sites. Access: by bus from Nachi Station (20 min) or Kii-Katsuura Station (30 min). Ask driver to stop at base of the Daimonzaka trail ("Daimonzaka" stop); or at the entrance to Nachi Waterfall ("Taki-mae"); or at the bus terminus 10 minutes climb below Nachi Shrine ("Nachi-san"). Cars can park at Seigantoji Temple. I recommend this remarkably scenic, short walk (3.5 km with 265 meters gain): starting from Daimon-zaka bus stop, ascend a stone-paved path, humbled by massive evergreens, up to the gates of Nachi Taisha shrine, descend to Seiganto-ji pagoda, then to the falls, just below Taki-mae bus stop.
    1810JPN-5717.jpg
  • Perched atop Castle Rock, Edinburgh Castle is the most besieged place in Great Britain and one of the most attacked in the world, with 26 sieges in its 1100-year-old history. Few of the present buildings pre-date the Lang Siege of the 1500s except for St Margaret's Chapel from the early 1100s, the Royal Palace, and the early-1500s Great Hall. Edinburgh is the capital city of Scotland, in Lothian on the Firth of Forth, Scotland, United Kingdom, Europe.
    17SC1-4540_Scotland.jpg
  • In Edinburgh, the Royal Scots Greys Monument in Princes Street Gardens was erected in 1906 to commemorate the fallen of this British cavalry regiment during the Boer War. The Royal Scots Greys Regiment served from 1707-1971. Edinburgh is the capital city of Scotland, in Lothian on the Firth of Forth, Scotland, United Kingdom, Europe. Behind is Edinburgh Castle atop Castle Rock, the most besieged place in Great Britain and one of the most attacked in the world, with 26 sieges in its 1100-year-old history. Few of the present buildings pre-date the Lang Siege of the 1500s except for St Margaret's Chapel from the early 1100s, the Royal Palace, and the early-1500s Great Hall.
    17SC1-4533-Edit_Scotland.jpg
  • South face of 1100-year-old Edinburgh Castle on Castle Rock. Edinburgh Castle is the most besieged place in Great Britain and one of the most attacked in the world, with 26 sieges in its 1100-year-old history. Few of the present buildings pre-date the Lang Siege of the 1500s except for St Margaret's Chapel from the early 1100s, the Royal Palace, and the early-1500s Great Hall. Edinburgh is the capital city of Scotland, in Lothian on the Firth of Forth, Scotland, United Kingdom, Europe.
    17SC1-4233_Scotland.jpg
  • Statue of St Cuthbert ("Cuthbert of Farne" 2001) by Fenwick Lawson. Holy Island of Lindisfarne, Northumberland, England, United Kingdom, Europe. Holy Island history dates from the 500s AD as an important center of Celtic Christianity under Saints Aidan of Lindisfarne, Cuthbert, Eadfrith of Lindisfarne, and Eadberht of Lindisfarne. After Viking invasions and the Norman conquest of England, a priory was reestablished. A small castle was built on Holy Island in 1550.
    17UK2-5097.jpg
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