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  • A solo hiker walks atop the Pulpit Rock (Prekestolen) 1959 feet above a car ferry on Lysefjord, Forsand municipality, Rogaland county, Ryfylke traditional district, Norway, Europe. The nearest city is Jørpeland, in Strand municipality. Published in Wilderness Travel Catalog of Adventures 1998, 1996, 1988. Winner of "Honorable Mention, Photo Travel Division" in Photographic Society of America (PSA) Inter-Club Slide Competition May 1988. Published 2009 on a commercial web site in Amsterdam. Published in "Light Travel: Photography on the Go" book by Tom Dempsey 2009, 2010.
    81NOR-08-14-The-Pulpit_Prekestolen.jpg
  • A side view reveals a long vertical crack in the Pulpit (Prekestolen), 1959 feet above Lysefjord, in Forsand municipality, Rogaland county, Ryfylke traditional district, Norway, Europe. The nearest city is Jørpeland, in Strand municipality. 1981 photo.
    81NOR-08-29_Pulpit_side_view_people.jpg
  • Fossilized sand dunes, Coyote Buttes, Paria Canyon-Vermilion Cliffs Wilderness Area, Arizona For licensing options, please inquire.
    03AZ-05-08-The-Wave_Coyote-Buttes.jpg
  • The Wave, Coyote Buttes, located on the Arizona side of Paria Canyon-Vermilion Cliffs Wilderness Area, which is public land managed by the United States BLM. Over 190 million years, ancient sand dune layers calcified into rock and created "The Wave." Iron oxides bled through this Jurassic-age Navajo sandstone to create the salmon color. Hematite and goethite added yellows, oranges, browns and purples. Over thousands of years, water cut through the ridge above and exposed a channel that was further scoured by windblown sand into the smooth curves that today look like ocean swells and waves. For the permit required to hike to "The Wave", contact the US Bureau of Land Management (BLM), who limits access to protect this fragile geologic formation. Image was published in 2009 for a surgeon's book on the intersection of science and faith. Published in "Light Travel: Photography on the Go" book by Tom Dempsey 2009, 2010.
    03AZ-05-25-The-Wave_Coyote-Buttes.jpg
  • The Wave, Coyote Buttes, located on the Arizona side of Paria Canyon-Vermilion Cliffs Wilderness Area, which is public land managed by the United States BLM. Over 190 million years, ancient sand dune layers calcified into rock and created "The Wave." Iron oxides bled through this Jurassic-age Navajo sandstone to create the salmon color. Hematite and goethite added yellows, oranges, browns and purples. Over thousands of years, water cut through the ridge above and exposed a channel that was further scoured by windblown sand into the smooth curves that today look like ocean swells and waves. For the permit required to hike to "The Wave", contact the US Bureau of Land Management (BLM), who limits access to protect this fragile geologic formation.
    03AZ-05-21-The-Wave_Coyote-Buttes.jpg
  • The Wave, Coyote Buttes, Paria Canyon-Vermilion Cliffs Wilderness Area, Arizona. Published in "Light Travel: Photography on the Go" book by Tom Dempsey 2009, 2010. For licensing options, please inquire.
    03AZ-04-31_The-Wave-hiker.jpg
  • Cliff Palace, the largest cliff dwelling in North America, was built 1190-1260 CE by Ancestral Puebloans on Chapin Mesa, in what is now Mesa Verde National Park, in Colorado, Southwestern USA. Cliff Palace was rediscovered in 1888 by Richard Wetherill and Charlie Mason while looking for stray cattle. Mesa Verde National Park is a UNESCO World Heritage Site in Montezuma County. The park was established by Congress and President Theodore Roosevelt in 1906 near the Four Corners region. Starting around 7500 BCE, Mesa Verde was seasonally inhabited by nomadic Paleo-Indians. Later, Archaic people established semi-permanent rockshelters in and around the mesa. By 1000 BCE, the Basketmaker culture emerged from the local Archaic population, and by 750 CE the Ancestral Puebloans had developed from the Basketmaker culture. The Mesa Verdeans survived using a combination of hunting, gathering, and subsistence farming of crops such as corn, beans, and squash. They built the mesa's first pueblos sometime after 650, and by the end of the 1100s began building massive cliff dwellings. By 1285, following a period of social and environmental instability driven by a series of severe and prolonged droughts, they abandoned the area and moved south into what is today Arizona and New Mexico. This image was stitched from multiple overlapping photos.
    1909US1-3110-16-Pano.jpg
  • Cliff Palace, the largest cliff dwelling in North America, was built 1190-1260 CE by Ancestral Puebloans on Chapin Mesa, in what is now Mesa Verde National Park, in Colorado, Southwestern USA. Cliff Palace was rediscovered in 1888 by Richard Wetherill and Charlie Mason while looking for stray cattle. Mesa Verde National Park is a UNESCO World Heritage Site in Montezuma County. The park was established by Congress and President Theodore Roosevelt in 1906 near the Four Corners region. Starting around 7500 BCE, Mesa Verde was seasonally inhabited by nomadic Paleo-Indians. Later, Archaic people established semi-permanent rockshelters in and around the mesa. By 1000 BCE, the Basketmaker culture emerged from the local Archaic population, and by 750 CE the Ancestral Puebloans had developed from the Basketmaker culture. The Mesa Verdeans survived using a combination of hunting, gathering, and subsistence farming of crops such as corn, beans, and squash. They built the mesa's first pueblos sometime after 650, and by the end of the 1100s began building massive cliff dwellings. By 1285, following a period of social and environmental instability driven by a series of severe and prolonged droughts, they abandoned the area and moved south into what is today Arizona and New Mexico.
    1909US1-3121.jpg
  • Tower interior at Cliff Palace, the largest cliff dwelling in North America, which was built 1190-1260 CE by Ancestral Puebloans on Chapin Mesa, in what is now Mesa Verde National Park, in Colorado, Southwestern USA. Cliff Palace was rediscovered in 1888 by Richard Wetherill and Charlie Mason while looking for stray cattle. Mesa Verde National Park is a UNESCO World Heritage Site in Montezuma County. The park was established by Congress and President Theodore Roosevelt in 1906 near the Four Corners region. Starting around 7500 BCE, Mesa Verde was seasonally inhabited by nomadic Paleo-Indians. Later, Archaic people established semi-permanent rockshelters in and around the mesa. By 1000 BCE, the Basketmaker culture emerged from the local Archaic population, and by 750 CE the Ancestral Puebloans had developed from the Basketmaker culture. The Mesa Verdeans survived using a combination of hunting, gathering, and subsistence farming of crops such as corn, beans, and squash. They built the mesa's first pueblos sometime after 650, and by the end of the 1100s began building massive cliff dwellings. By 1285, following a period of social and environmental instability driven by a series of severe and prolonged droughts, they abandoned the area and moved south into what is today Arizona and New Mexico.
    1909US1-3185.jpg
  • Cliff Palace, the largest cliff dwelling in North America, was built 1190-1260 CE by Ancestral Puebloans on Chapin Mesa, in what is now Mesa Verde National Park, in Colorado, Southwestern USA. Cliff Palace was rediscovered in 1888 by Richard Wetherill and Charlie Mason while looking for stray cattle. Mesa Verde National Park is a UNESCO World Heritage Site in Montezuma County. The park was established by Congress and President Theodore Roosevelt in 1906 near the Four Corners region. Starting around 7500 BCE, Mesa Verde was seasonally inhabited by nomadic Paleo-Indians. Later, Archaic people established semi-permanent rockshelters in and around the mesa. By 1000 BCE, the Basketmaker culture emerged from the local Archaic population, and by 750 CE the Ancestral Puebloans had developed from the Basketmaker culture. The Mesa Verdeans survived using a combination of hunting, gathering, and subsistence farming of crops such as corn, beans, and squash. They built the mesa's first pueblos sometime after 650, and by the end of the 1100s began building massive cliff dwellings. By 1285, following a period of social and environmental instability driven by a series of severe and prolonged droughts, they abandoned the area and moved south into what is today Arizona and New Mexico. This image was stitched from multiple overlapping photos.
    1909US1-3164-67-Pano.jpg
  • Cliff Palace, the largest cliff dwelling in North America, was built 1190-1260 CE by Ancestral Puebloans on Chapin Mesa, in what is now Mesa Verde National Park, in Colorado, Southwestern USA. Cliff Palace was rediscovered in 1888 by Richard Wetherill and Charlie Mason while looking for stray cattle. Mesa Verde National Park is a UNESCO World Heritage Site in Montezuma County. The park was established by Congress and President Theodore Roosevelt in 1906 near the Four Corners region. Starting around 7500 BCE, Mesa Verde was seasonally inhabited by nomadic Paleo-Indians. Later, Archaic people established semi-permanent rockshelters in and around the mesa. By 1000 BCE, the Basketmaker culture emerged from the local Archaic population, and by 750 CE the Ancestral Puebloans had developed from the Basketmaker culture. The Mesa Verdeans survived using a combination of hunting, gathering, and subsistence farming of crops such as corn, beans, and squash. They built the mesa's first pueblos sometime after 650, and by the end of the 1100s began building massive cliff dwellings. By 1285, following a period of social and environmental instability driven by a series of severe and prolonged droughts, they abandoned the area and moved south into what is today Arizona and New Mexico.
    1909US1-3108.jpg
  • Cliff Palace, the largest cliff dwelling in North America, was built 1190-1260 CE by Ancestral Puebloans in what is now Mesa Verde National Park, in Colorado, Southwestern USA. Cliff Palace was rediscovered in 1888 by Richard Wetherill and Charlie Mason while looking for stray cattle. Mesa Verde National Park is a UNESCO World Heritage Site in Montezuma County. The park was established by Congress and President Theodore Roosevelt in 1906 near the Four Corners region. Starting around 7500 BCE, Mesa Verde was seasonally inhabited by nomadic Paleo-Indians. Later, Archaic people established semi-permanent rockshelters in and around the mesa. By 1000 BCE, the Basketmaker culture emerged from the local Archaic population, and by 750 CE the Ancestral Puebloans had developed from the Basketmaker culture. The Mesa Verdeans survived using a combination of hunting, gathering, and subsistence farming of crops such as corn, beans, and squash. They built the mesa's first pueblos sometime after 650, and by the end of the 1100s began building massive cliff dwellings. By 1285, following a period of social and environmental instability driven by a series of severe and prolonged droughts, they abandoned the area and moved south into what is today Arizona and New Mexico.
    1909US1-3094.jpg
  • Cliff Palace, the largest cliff dwelling in North America, was built 1190-1260 CE by Ancestral Puebloans on Chapin Mesa, in what is now Mesa Verde National Park, in Colorado, Southwestern USA. Cliff Palace was rediscovered in 1888 by Richard Wetherill and Charlie Mason while looking for stray cattle. Mesa Verde National Park is a UNESCO World Heritage Site in Montezuma County. The park was established by Congress and President Theodore Roosevelt in 1906 near the Four Corners region. Starting around 7500 BCE, Mesa Verde was seasonally inhabited by nomadic Paleo-Indians. Later, Archaic people established semi-permanent rockshelters in and around the mesa. By 1000 BCE, the Basketmaker culture emerged from the local Archaic population, and by 750 CE the Ancestral Puebloans had developed from the Basketmaker culture. The Mesa Verdeans survived using a combination of hunting, gathering, and subsistence farming of crops such as corn, beans, and squash. They built the mesa's first pueblos sometime after 650, and by the end of the 1100s began building massive cliff dwellings. By 1285, following a period of social and environmental instability driven by a series of severe and prolonged droughts, they abandoned the area and moved south into what is today Arizona and New Mexico.
    1909US1-3089.jpg
  • Cliff Palace, the largest cliff dwelling in North America, was built 1190-1260 CE by Ancestral Puebloans on Chapin Mesa in what is now Mesa Verde National Park, in Colorado, Southwestern USA. Cliff Palace was rediscovered in 1888 by Richard Wetherill and Charlie Mason while looking for stray cattle. Mesa Verde National Park is a UNESCO World Heritage Site in Montezuma County. The park was established by Congress and President Theodore Roosevelt in 1906 near the Four Corners region. Starting around 7500 BCE, Mesa Verde was seasonally inhabited by nomadic Paleo-Indians. Later, Archaic people established semi-permanent rockshelters in and around the mesa. By 1000 BCE, the Basketmaker culture emerged from the local Archaic population, and by 750 CE the Ancestral Puebloans had developed from the Basketmaker culture. The Mesa Verdeans survived using a combination of hunting, gathering, and subsistence farming of crops such as corn, beans, and squash. They built the mesa's first pueblos sometime after 650, and by the end of the 1100s began building massive cliff dwellings. By 1285, following a period of social and environmental instability driven by a series of severe and prolonged droughts, they abandoned the area and moved south into what is today Arizona and New Mexico.
    1909US1-3088.jpg
  • Cliff Palace, the largest cliff dwelling in North America, was built 1190-1260 CE by Ancestral Puebloans on Chapin Mesa, in what is now Mesa Verde National Park, in Colorado, Southwestern USA. Cliff Palace was rediscovered in 1888 by Richard Wetherill and Charlie Mason while looking for stray cattle. Mesa Verde National Park is a UNESCO World Heritage Site in Montezuma County. The park was established by Congress and President Theodore Roosevelt in 1906 near the Four Corners region. Starting around 7500 BCE, Mesa Verde was seasonally inhabited by nomadic Paleo-Indians. Later, Archaic people established semi-permanent rockshelters in and around the mesa. By 1000 BCE, the Basketmaker culture emerged from the local Archaic population, and by 750 CE the Ancestral Puebloans had developed from the Basketmaker culture. The Mesa Verdeans survived using a combination of hunting, gathering, and subsistence farming of crops such as corn, beans, and squash. They built the mesa's first pueblos sometime after 650, and by the end of the 1100s began building massive cliff dwellings. By 1285, following a period of social and environmental instability driven by a series of severe and prolonged droughts, they abandoned the area and moved south into what is today Arizona and New Mexico. This image was stitched from multiple overlapping photos.
    1909US1-3066-68-Pano.jpg
  • Cliff Palace, the largest cliff dwelling in North America, was built 1190-1260 CE by Ancestral Puebloans on Chapin Mesa, in what is now Mesa Verde National Park, in Colorado, Southwestern USA. Cliff Palace was rediscovered in 1888 by Richard Wetherill and Charlie Mason while looking for stray cattle. Mesa Verde National Park is a UNESCO World Heritage Site in Montezuma County. The park was established by Congress and President Theodore Roosevelt in 1906 near the Four Corners region. Starting around 7500 BCE, Mesa Verde was seasonally inhabited by nomadic Paleo-Indians. Later, Archaic people established semi-permanent rockshelters in and around the mesa. By 1000 BCE, the Basketmaker culture emerged from the local Archaic population, and by 750 CE the Ancestral Puebloans had developed from the Basketmaker culture. The Mesa Verdeans survived using a combination of hunting, gathering, and subsistence farming of crops such as corn, beans, and squash. They built the mesa's first pueblos sometime after 650, and by the end of the 1100s began building massive cliff dwellings. By 1285, following a period of social and environmental instability driven by a series of severe and prolonged droughts, they abandoned the area and moved south into what is today Arizona and New Mexico.
    1909US1-3003.jpg
  • Swiss Via Alpina 1: Titlis Cliff Walk, above Engelberg, Switzerland, Europe. In Engelberg, we rode the Titlis lift, the world's first rotating cable car. The Titlis cable car system connects Engelberg (996 m or 3,268 ft) to the summit of Klein Titlis (3,028 m or 9,934 ft) via stations at Trübsee and Stand. At Klein Titlis, we visited the illuminated Glacier Cave and Titlis Cliff Walk, the highest elevation suspension bridge in Europe, opened in December 2012, giving views across the Alps. We enjoyed walking 2 miles around scenic Trübsee, a circuit where six play stations for kids make an ideal family excursion, suitable for strollers. Scheduling 3 nights in Engelberg provided a well-needed rest break in the middle of hiking the first ten stages of the Swiss Via Alpina (National Route 1).
    22ALP-08628-35-Pano.jpg
  • Swiss Via Alpina 1: Titlis Cliff Walk, above Engelberg, Switzerland, Europe. In Engelberg, we rode the Titlis lift, the world's first rotating cable car. The Titlis cable car system connects Engelberg (996 m or 3,268 ft) to the summit of Klein Titlis (3,028 m or 9,934 ft) via stations at Trübsee and Stand. At Klein Titlis, we visited the illuminated Glacier Cave and Titlis Cliff Walk, the highest elevation suspension bridge in Europe, opened in December 2012, giving views across the Alps. We enjoyed walking 2 miles around scenic Trübsee, a circuit where six play stations for kids make an ideal family excursion, suitable for strollers. Scheduling 3 nights in Engelberg provided a well-needed rest break in the middle of hiking the first ten stages of the Swiss Via Alpina (National Route 1).
    22ALP-08617.jpg
  • "First Cliff Walk" in Grindelwald, Switzerland, Europe. From Grindelwald, we took the First gondola to Bort, then hiked via First to Berghotel Faulhorn (6 miles with 3650 feet ascent, 130 ft descent) to stay for an impressive sunset and sunrise. (Or save effort by starting at First instead of Bort.) Berghotel Faulhorn was built in 1830, one of the oldest mountain hotels in the Alps. Earplugs are recommended for sleeping, as the old walls are thin. Perched on a remote precipice, Berghotel Faulhorn has flush toilets, but no drinking-water supply, nor guest showers. To save money, carry extra liters of drinking water from Grindelwald. In 2022, Berghotel Faulhorn charged 4 CHF per liter for hikers' tea, and 12 CHF per 1.5-liter bottle of drinking water. The hut's roof-gathered water is undrinkable (and our squeeze-filter didn't remove the bad taste). For personal hygiene, cold water is provided in the dormitory washroom, and the private rooms have nostalgic water jugs and bowls.
    22ALP-10339.jpg
  • Pan-American Highway 1 clings to a cliff above the South Pacific Ocean in the coastal desert north of Lima, in Peru, South America. From May to October along the coast of Peru, the heavy fog called "garua" blocks the sun but drops almost no rainfall, just a fine mist, enough to wet desert plants on high coastal hills. In contrast, around this time, the high Andes are generally sunny, warm, and dry (from June to September), great for trekking or touring.
    14PER2-042_Lima-coast-Peru.jpg
  • Cliff near Upper Emerald Pool waterfall, Zion National Park, Springdale, Utah, USA. The North Fork of the Virgin River carved spectacular Zion Canyon through reddish and tan-colored Navajo Sandstone up to half a mile (800 m) deep and 15 miles (24 km) long. Uplift associated with the creation of the Colorado Plateaus lifted the region 10,000 feet (3000 m) starting 13 million years ago. Zion and Kolob canyon geology includes 9 formations covering 150 million years of mostly Mesozoic-aged sedimentation, from warm, shallow seas, streams, lakes, vast deserts, and dry near-shore environments. Mormons discovered the canyon in 1858 and settled in the early 1860s. U.S. President Taft declared it Mukuntuweap National Monument in 1909. In 1918, the name changed to Zion (an ancient Hebrew name for Jerusalem), which became a National Park in 1919. The Kolob section (a 1937 National Monument) was added to Zion National Park in 1956. Unusually diverse plants and animals congregate here where the Colorado Plateau, Great Basin, and Mojave Desert meet.
    1303UT-1215.jpg
  • Munising Falls drops 50 feet over a limey sandstone cliff (the Northern Michigan cuesta or escarpment) in Pictured Rocks National Lakeshore, Alger County, Michigan, USA. Tannins color the water amber and brownish green, leached from Cedar, Spruce and Hemlock trees.
    03MI-G0035_Munising-Falls_Pictured-R...jpg
  • "First Cliff Walk" in Grindelwald, Switzerland, Europe. From Grindelwald, we took the First gondola to Bort, then hiked via First to Berghotel Faulhorn (6 miles with 3650 feet ascent, 130 ft descent) to stay for an impressive sunset and sunrise. (Or save effort by starting at First instead of Bort.) Berghotel Faulhorn was built in 1830, one of the oldest mountain hotels in the Alps. Earplugs are recommended for sleeping, as the old walls are thin. Perched on a remote precipice, Berghotel Faulhorn has flush toilets, but no drinking-water supply, nor guest showers. To save money, carry extra liters of drinking water from Grindelwald. In 2022, Berghotel Faulhorn charged 4 CHF per liter for hikers' tea, and 12 CHF per 1.5-liter bottle of drinking water. The hut's roof-gathered water is undrinkable (and our squeeze-filter didn't remove the bad taste). For personal hygiene, cold water is provided in the dormitory washroom, and the private rooms have nostalgic water jugs and bowls.
    22ALP-10335-38-Pano.jpg
  • Hiking below "First Cliff Walk" in Grindelwald, Switzerland, Europe. From Grindelwald, we took the First gondola to Bort, then hiked via First to Berghotel Faulhorn (6 miles with 3650 feet ascent, 130 ft descent) to stay for an impressive sunset and sunrise. (Or save effort by starting at First instead of Bort.) Berghotel Faulhorn was built in 1830, one of the oldest mountain hotels in the Alps. Earplugs are recommended for sleeping, as the old walls are thin. Perched on a remote precipice, Berghotel Faulhorn has flush toilets, but no drinking-water supply, nor guest showers. To save money, carry extra liters of drinking water from Grindelwald. In 2022, Berghotel Faulhorn charged 4 CHF per liter for hikers' tea, and 12 CHF per 1.5-liter bottle of drinking water. The hut's roof-gathered water is undrinkable (and our squeeze-filter didn't remove the bad taste). For personal hygiene, cold water is provided in the dormitory washroom, and the private rooms have nostalgic water jugs and bowls.
    22ALP-10269-78-Pano.jpg
  • "First Cliff Walk" in Grindelwald, Switzerland, Europe. From Grindelwald, we took the First gondola to Bort, then hiked via First to Berghotel Faulhorn (6 miles with 3650 feet ascent, 130 ft descent) to stay for an impressive sunset and sunrise. (Or save effort by starting at First instead of Bort.) Berghotel Faulhorn was built in 1830, one of the oldest mountain hotels in the Alps. Earplugs are recommended for sleeping, as the old walls are thin. Perched on a remote precipice, Berghotel Faulhorn has flush toilets, but no drinking-water supply, nor guest showers. To save money, carry extra liters of drinking water from Grindelwald. In 2022, Berghotel Faulhorn charged 4 CHF per liter for hikers' tea, and 12 CHF per 1.5-liter bottle of drinking water. The hut's roof-gathered water is undrinkable (and our squeeze-filter didn't remove the bad taste). For personal hygiene, cold water is provided in the dormitory washroom, and the private rooms have nostalgic water jugs and bowls.
    22ALP-10293.jpg
  • In Engelberg, Switzerland, we rode the Titlis lift, the world's first rotating cable car. The Titlis cable car system connects Engelberg (996 m or 3,268 ft) to the summit of Klein Titlis (3,028 m or 9,934 ft) via stations at Trübsee and Stand. At Klein Titlis, we visited the illuminated Glacier Cave and Titlis Cliff Walk, the highest elevation suspension bridge in Europe, opened in December 2012, giving views across the Alps. We enjoyed walking 2 miles around scenic Trübsee, a circuit where six play stations for kids make an ideal family excursion, suitable for strollers. Scheduling 3 nights in Engelberg provided a well-needed rest break in the middle of hiking the first ten stages of the Swiss Via Alpina (National Route 1).
    22ALP-08567.jpg
  • In Engelberg, Switzerland, we rode the Titlis Rotair, the world's first rotating cable car (completed in 2014). The Titlis cable car system connects Engelberg (996 m or 3,268 ft) to the summit of Klein Titlis (3,028 m or 9,934 ft) via stations at Trübsee and Stand. At Klein Titlis, we visited the illuminated Glacier Cave and Titlis Cliff Walk, the highest elevation suspension bridge in Europe, opened in December 2012, giving views across the Alps. We enjoyed walking 2 miles around scenic Trübsee, a circuit where six play stations for kids make an ideal family excursion, suitable for strollers. Scheduling 3 nights in Engelberg provided a well-needed rest break in the middle of hiking the first ten stages of the Swiss Via Alpina (National Route 1).
    22ALP-08549.jpg
  • Pink flowers of Douglasia laevigata smooth douglasia, or cliff dwarf-primrose) in Badger Valley, Olympic National Park, Washington, USA. From Obstruction Point Trailhead, hike 9 miles with 2740 feet gain in a loop across Lillian Ridge to Grand Lake, plus side trip to Moose Lake, then return along Grand Creek via Badger Valley Trail, in Olympic National Park.
    2107WA-203.jpg
  • Sandstone cliff. In Capitol Reef National Park, we hiked impressive sandstone gorges via Chimney Rock Loop trail plus a wonderful side trip down Chimney Rock Canyon as far as Spring Canyon (totalling 7 miles round trip with 1300 ft gain), near Torrey, Utah, USA.
    20.10US1-0335.jpg
  • Water falls from a high cliff between Dovan (Dobhan) and Deurali  at about 10,000 feet elevation, in the deep valley of the Modi Khola river, in the Annapurna Mountain Range of Nepal, in the Himalaya chain.
    07NEP-2110.jpg
  • West Rim Spring plunges in a seasonal waterfall over desert varnish on a Navajo sandstone cliff seen from the Temple of Sinawava shuttle bus stop in Zion National Park, Springdale, Utah, USA.
    11UT1-2311_Zion-NP-Utah.jpg
  • Munising Falls drops 50 feet over a limey sandstone cliff (the Northern Michigan cuesta or escarpment) in Pictured Rocks National Lakeshore, Alger County, Michigan, USA. Tannins color the water amber and brownish green, leached from Cedar, Spruce and Hemlock trees.
    03MI-G0038_Munising-Falls_Pictured-R...jpg
  • Watson Creek plunges 272 feet over a cliff to form Watson Falls, the third highest waterfall in Oregon. To get there, turn onto Road 37, off Highway 138 near the east entrance to Toketee Ranger station (Umpqua National Forest), about 60 miles east of Roseburg. Douglas County, Oregon, USA.
    04UMP-0091-Watson-Falls-272ft.jpg
  • "First Cliff Walk" in Grindelwald, Switzerland, Europe. From Grindelwald, we took the First gondola to Bort, then hiked via First to Berghotel Faulhorn (6 miles with 3650 feet ascent, 130 ft descent) to stay for an impressive sunset and sunrise. (Or save effort by starting at First instead of Bort.) Berghotel Faulhorn was built in 1830, one of the oldest mountain hotels in the Alps. Earplugs are recommended for sleeping, as the old walls are thin. Perched on a remote precipice, Berghotel Faulhorn has flush toilets, but no drinking-water supply, nor guest showers. To save money, carry extra liters of drinking water from Grindelwald. In 2022, Berghotel Faulhorn charged 4 CHF per liter for hikers' tea, and 12 CHF per 1.5-liter bottle of drinking water. The hut's roof-gathered water is undrinkable (and our squeeze-filter didn't remove the bad taste). For personal hygiene, cold water is provided in the dormitory washroom, and the private rooms have nostalgic water jugs and bowls.
    22ALP-10374.jpg
  • In Engelberg, Switzerland, we rode the Titlis lift, the world's first rotating cable car. The Titlis cable car system connects Engelberg (996 m or 3,268 ft) to the summit of Klein Titlis (3,028 m or 9,934 ft) via stations at Trübsee and Stand. At Klein Titlis, we visited the illuminated Glacier Cave and Titlis Cliff Walk, the highest elevation suspension bridge in Europe, opened in December 2012, giving views across the Alps. We enjoyed walking 2 miles around scenic Trübsee, a circuit where six play stations for kids make an ideal family excursion, suitable for strollers. Scheduling 3 nights in Engelberg provided a well-needed rest break in the middle of hiking the first ten stages of the Swiss Via Alpina (National Route 1).
    22ALP-08560.jpg
  • Sandstone cliff. In Capitol Reef National Park, we hiked impressive sandstone gorges via Chimney Rock Loop trail plus a wonderful side trip down Chimney Rock Canyon as far as Spring Canyon (totalling 7 miles round trip with 1300 ft gain), near Torrey, Utah, USA.
    20.10US1-0349.jpg
  • Sandstone cliff. In Capitol Reef National Park, we hiked impressive sandstone gorges via Chimney Rock Loop trail plus a wonderful side trip down Chimney Rock Canyon as far as Spring Canyon (totalling 7 miles round trip with 1300 ft gain), near Torrey, Utah, USA.
    20.10US1-0334.jpg
  • Sandstone cliff. In Capitol Reef National Park, we hiked impressive sandstone gorges via Chimney Rock Loop trail plus a wonderful side trip down Chimney Rock Canyon as far as Spring Canyon (totalling 7 miles round trip with 1300 ft gain), near Torrey, Utah, USA.
    20.10US1-0314.jpg
  • A sea stack erodes from a cliff at Punakaiki Pancake Rocks and Blowholes Walk, on Dolomite Point in Paparoa National Park, between Westport and Greymouth in the West Coast region of New Zealand's South Island.
    1901NZ1-4573.jpg
  • West Rim Spring plunges in a seasonal waterfall over desert varnish on a Navajo sandstone cliff seen from the Temple of Sinawava shuttle bus stop in Zion National Park, Springdale, Utah, USA.
    11UT1-2310_Zion-NP-Utah.jpg
  • A roayl arch forms on a sandstone cliff in Zion National Park, Springdale, Utah, USA. The North Fork of the Virgin River carved spectacular Zion Canyon through reddish and tan-colored Navajo Sandstone up to half a mile (800 m) deep and 15 miles (24 km) long. Uplift associated with the creation of the Colorado Plateaus lifted the region 10,000 feet (3000 m) starting 13 million years ago. Zion and Kolob canyon geology includes 9 formations covering 150 million years of mostly Mesozoic-aged sedimentation, from warm, shallow seas, streams, lakes, vast deserts, and dry near-shore environments. Mormons discovered the canyon in 1858 and settled in the early 1860s. U.S. President Taft declared it Mukuntuweap National Monument in 1909. In 1918, the name changed to Zion (an ancient Hebrew name for Jerusalem), which became a National Park in 1919. The Kolob section (a 1937 National Monument) was added to Zion National Park in 1956. Unusually diverse plants and animals congregate here where the Colorado Plateau, Great Basin, and Mojave Desert meet.
    11UT1-2233_Zion-NP-Utah.jpg
  • Watson Creek plunges 272 feet over a cliff to form Watson Falls, the third highest waterfall in Oregon. To get there, turn onto Road 37, off Highway 138 near the east entrance to Toketee Ranger station (Umpqua National Forest), about 60 miles east of Roseburg. Douglas County, Oregon, USA.
    04UMP-0110-111pan_Watson-Falls-272ft.jpg
  • Watson Creek plunges 272 feet over a cliff to form Watson Falls, the third highest waterfall in Oregon. To get there, turn onto Road 37, off Highway 138 near the east entrance to Toketee Ranger station (Umpqua National Forest), about 60 miles east of Roseburg. Douglas County, Oregon, USA.
    04UMP-0101-103pan_Watson-Falls-272ft.jpg
  • The windmill of Oia village perches on a volcanic cliff high above Amoudi Bay on Santorini Island, Greece. Geologic and human history of Santorini: Humans first arrived around 3000 BC on this volcano known in ancient times as Thira (or Thera). The island was a volcanic cone with a circular shoreline until 1646 BC, when one of earths most violent explosions blasted ash all over the Mediterranean, sunk the center of the island, launched tidal waves, and may have ruined the Minoan civilization 70 miles away on Crete. Remarkably, volcanic ash dumped onto the volcanos flanks actually preserved the village of Akrotiri and its 3600-year-old frescoes from the Minoan era. These are some of the earliest known examples of world art history, which you can now view in museums. In 286 BC, the volcano split off Thirasia (Little Thira) Island (to the West). The volcano began rebuilding, and in 197 BC the small center islet of Palia Kameni appeared. In 1707 CE, lava started forming Nea Kameni, the larger center island which erupted as recently as 1956 and caused a huge earthquake (7.8 on the Richter scale) which destroyed most of the houses in the towns of Fira and Oia. Fira and Oia have since been rebuilt as multi-level mazes of fascinating whitewashed architecture, attracting tourists from around the world.
    01GRE-12-19_Amoudi-Bay-cliffs.jpg
  • See Kalalau Valley cliffs & Pacific Ocean from Pihea Trail, Na Pali Coast, Kauai, Hawaii, USA. The potholed Pihea Trail traverses a spectacular cliff edge of Na Pali-Kona Forest Reserve, overlooking the Kalalau Valley in Na Pali Coast State Park down to the Pacific Ocean, a breathtaking 4000 feet below, on the island of Kauai. Slippery wet clay makes this a challenging hike of 2.6 miles round trip with 500 feet gain to Pihea Peak. (Optionally continue past Pihea Peak to Alaka'i Swamp Trail.) Pihea Trail begins at Pu'u O Kila Lookout at the end of the road in Koke'e State Park.
    1701HAW-1515.jpg
  • See Kalalau Valley cliffs & Pacific Ocean from Pihea Trail, Na Pali Coast, Kauai, Hawaii, USA. The potholed Pihea Trail traverses a spectacular cliff edge of Na Pali-Kona Forest Reserve, overlooking the Kalalau Valley in Na Pali Coast State Park down to the Pacific Ocean, a breathtaking 4000 feet below, on the island of Kauai. Slippery wet clay makes this a challenging hike of 2.6 miles round trip with 500 feet gain to Pihea Peak. (Optionally continue past Pihea Peak to Alaka'i Swamp Trail.) Pihea Trail begins at Pu'u O Kila Lookout at the end of the road in Koke'e State Park.
    1701HAW-1518.jpg
  • Kalalau Valley cliffs seen from Pihea Trail, Na Pali Coast, Kauai, Hawaii, USA. The potholed Pihea Trail traverses a spectacular cliff edge of Na Pali-Kona Forest Reserve, overlooking the Kalalau Valley in Na Pali Coast State Park down to the Pacific Ocean, a breathtaking 4000 feet below, on the island of Kauai. Slippery wet clay makes this a challenging hike of 2.6 miles round trip with 500 feet gain to Pihea Peak. (Optionally continue past Pihea Peak to Alaka'i Swamp Trail.) Pihea Trail begins at Pu'u O Kila Lookout at the end of the road in Koke'e State Park.
    1701HAW-1513.jpg
  • Helicopter over Kalalau Valley cliffs & Pacific Ocean from Pihea Trail, Na Pali Coast, Kauai, Hawaii, USA. The potholed Pihea Trail traverses a spectacular cliff edge of Na Pali-Kona Forest Reserve, overlooking the Kalalau Valley in Na Pali Coast State Park down to the Pacific Ocean, a breathtaking 4000 feet below, on the island of Kauai. Slippery wet clay makes this a challenging hike of 2.6 miles round trip with 500 feet gain to Pihea Peak. (Optionally continue past Pihea Peak to Alaka'i Swamp Trail.) Pihea Trail begins at Pu'u O Kila Lookout at the end of the road in Koke'e State Park.
    1701HAW-1514.jpg
  • Waipio Valley Lookout views a waterfall plunging from sea cliffs into the Pacific Ocean. Hamakua District of the Big Island, Hawaii, USA.
    1701HAW-3159.jpg
  • Young Himalayan tahr follow their mother up a cliff. The Himalayan tahr is an even-toed ungulate, a near-true goat, seen here in the Khumbu district of Nepal. Sagarmatha National Park was created in 1976 and honored as a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1979.
    07NEP-3492_Himalayan-tahr.jpg
  • On the Havasupai Indian Reservation, Havasu Falls, Creek, and Canyon flow into Grand Canyon, Arizona, USA. Published in "Light Travel: Photography on the Go" book by Tom Dempsey 2009, 2010.
    99AZ-07-33-Havasu-Falls-MASTER.jpg
  • Gunnison River has cut a gorge 2300 feet deep at Painted Wall View, in Black Canyon of the Gunnison National Park, near Montrose, Colorado, USA. Pressurized molten rock was forced into the 1.7 billion year old metamorphic rock of the Painted Wall, forming pink pegmatite stripes on Colorado's highest cliff. The canyon exposes you to some of the steepest cliffs, oldest rock, and craggiest spires in North America. With two million years to work, the Gunnison River, along with the forces of weathering, has sculpted this vertical wilderness of rock, water, and sky.
    1503SW-1580_The-Painted-Wall.jpg
  • Gunnison River has cut a gorge 2300 feet deep at Painted Wall View, in Black Canyon of the Gunnison National Park, near Montrose, Colorado, USA. Pressurized molten rock was forced into the 1.7 billion year old metamorphic rock of the Painted Wall, forming pink pegmatite stripes on Colorado's highest cliff. The canyon exposes you to some of the steepest cliffs, oldest rock, and craggiest spires in North America. With two million years to work, the Gunnison River, along with the forces of weathering, has sculpted this vertical wilderness of rock, water, and sky.
    1503SW-1596_The-Painted-Wall.jpg
  • The Swallow-tailed Gull (Creagrus furcatus, the only species in the genus Creagrus) thrives on Isla Genovesa (or Tower Island), Ecuador, South America. The Swallow-tailed Gull is an equatorial seabird in the gull family Laridae. Its scientific name is derived from the Latin Larus, "gull" and furca "two-tined fork". It spends most of its life flying and hunting over the open ocean. The main breeding location is the cliffs of the larger Galápagos Islands, with lower numbers on most of the smaller islands. It is more common on the eastern islands where the water is warmer. It is the only fully nocturnal gull and seabird in the world, preying on squid and small fish which rise to the surface at night to feed on plankton. Isla Genovesa (or Tower Island) is a shield volcano in the Galápagos Islands, in the eastern Pacific Ocean. This island is known as Bird Island, because of the large and varied bird colonies which nest here. Prince Philip’s Steps is a steep path up a 25 meter cliff to a seabird colony full of life amidst a thin palo santo forest and rocky plain.
    09ECU-3226_Galapagos.jpg
  • A Swallow-tailed Gull pair(Creagrus furcatus, the only species in the genus Creagrus) thrives on Isla Genovesa (or Tower Island), Ecuador, South America. The Swallow-tailed Gull is an equatorial seabird in the gull family Laridae. Its scientific name is derived from the Latin Larus, "gull" and furca "two-tined fork". It spends most of its life flying and hunting over the open ocean. The main breeding location is the cliffs of the larger Galápagos Islands, with lower numbers on most of the smaller islands. It is more common on the eastern islands where the water is warmer. It is the only fully nocturnal gull and seabird in the world, preying on squid and small fish which rise to the surface at night to feed on plankton. Isla Genovesa (or Tower Island) is a shield volcano in the Galápagos Islands, in the eastern Pacific Ocean. This island is known as Bird Island, because of the large and varied bird colonies which nest here. Prince Philip’s Steps is a steep path up a 25 meter cliff to a seabird colony full of life amidst a thin palo santo forest and rocky plain.
    09ECU-3212_Galapagos.jpg
  • The Swallow-tailed Gull (Creagrus furcatus, the only species in the genus Creagrus) flies on Isla Genovesa (or Tower Island), Ecuador, South America. The Swallow-tailed Gull is an equatorial seabird in the gull family Laridae. Its scientific name is derived from the Latin Larus, "gull" and furca "two-tined fork". It spends most of its life flying and hunting over the open ocean. The main breeding location is the cliffs of the larger Galápagos Islands, with lower numbers on most of the smaller islands. It is more common on the eastern islands where the water is warmer. It is the only fully nocturnal gull and seabird in the world, preying on squid and small fish which rise to the surface at night to feed on plankton. Isla Genovesa (or Tower Island) is a shield volcano in the Galápagos Islands, in the eastern Pacific Ocean. This island is known as Bird Island, because of the large and varied bird colonies which nest here. Prince Philip’s Steps is a steep path up a 25 meter cliff to a seabird colony full of life amidst a thin palo santo forest and rocky plain.
    09ECU-3205_Galapagos.jpg
  • Gunnison River has cut a gorge 2300 feet deep at Painted Wall View, in Black Canyon of the Gunnison National Park, near Montrose, Colorado, USA. Pressurized molten rock was forced into the 1.7 billion year old metamorphic rock of the Painted Wall, forming pink pegmatite stripes on Colorado's highest cliff. The canyon exposes you to some of the steepest cliffs, oldest rock, and craggiest spires in North America. With two million years to work, the Gunnison River, along with the forces of weathering, has sculpted this vertical wilderness of rock, water, and sky. This panorama was stitched from 7 overlapping photos.
    1503SW-1601-07pan_The-Painted-Wall.jpg
  • A snowplow repacks the surface of a fast-melting snow walkway atop Mt. Titlis, above Engelberg, in Switzerland, Europe. Along both sides, insulating fabric attempts to preserve snow banks for the next ski season. In Engelberg, we rode the Titlis lift, the world's first rotating cable car. The Titlis cable car system connects Engelberg (996 m or 3,268 ft) to the summit of Klein Titlis (3,028 m or 9,934 ft) via stations at Trübsee and Stand. At Klein Titlis, we visited the illuminated Glacier Cave and Titlis Cliff Walk, the highest elevation suspension bridge in Europe, opened in December 2012, giving views across the Alps. We enjoyed walking 2 miles around scenic Trübsee, a circuit where six play stations for kids make an ideal family excursion, suitable for strollers. Scheduling 3 nights in Engelberg provided a well-needed rest break in the middle of hiking the first ten stages of the Swiss Via Alpina (National Route 1).
    22ALP-08650.jpg
  • Mt Titlis, seen from Kempinski Palace Engelberg Titlis, in Engelberg, Switzerland, Europe. In Engelberg, we rode the Titlis lift, the world's first rotating cable car. The Titlis cable car system connects Engelberg (996 m or 3,268 ft) to the summit of Klein Titlis (3,028 m or 9,934 ft) via stations at Trübsee and Stand. At Klein Titlis, we visited the illuminated Glacier Cave and Titlis Cliff Walk, the highest elevation suspension bridge in Europe, opened in December 2012, giving views across the Alps. We enjoyed walking 2 miles around scenic Trübsee, a circuit where six play stations for kids make an ideal family excursion, suitable for strollers. Scheduling 3 nights in Engelberg provided a well-needed rest break in the middle of hiking the first ten stages of the Swiss Via Alpina (National Route 1).
    22ALP-08520.jpg
  • Sunset on rock formations near Ben Reifel Visitor Center in Badlands National Park, South Dakota, USA. The intricately carved cliff of the Badlands Wall constantly retreats as it erodes and washes into the White River Valley below.
    20.10US1-0653.jpg
  • Sunset on rock formations near Ben Reifel Visitor Center in Badlands National Park, South Dakota, USA. The intricately carved cliff of the Badlands Wall constantly retreats as it erodes and washes into the White River Valley below.
    20.10US1-0611.jpg
  • Ruins of Idarado Mine, north of Red Mountain Pass along the Million Dollar Highway, in Colorado, USA. Winding through the San Juan Mountains, the Million Dollar Highway is the scenic 25 miles of US Route 550 between Silverton and Ouray. It was named for the twelve miles south of Ouray through the Uncompahgre Gorge to the summit of Red Mountain Pass. As part of the San Juan Skyway Scenic Byway, the Million Dollar Highway twists along sheer cliff edges with hairpin curves and few guardrails, past spectacular yellow foliage colors in autumn.
    1909US1-4115.jpg
  • Rusted car gas cap cover, Idarado Mine ruins, Red Mountain Pass, Million Dollar Highway, San Juan Mountains, Colorado, USA. Winding through the San Juan Mountains, the Million Dollar Highway is the scenic 25 miles of US Route 550 between Silverton and Ouray. It was named for the twelve miles south of Ouray through the Uncompahgre Gorge to the summit of Red Mountain Pass. As part of the San Juan Skyway Scenic Byway, the Million Dollar Highway twists along sheer cliff edges with hairpin curves and few guardrails, past spectacular yellow foliage colors in autumn.
    1909US1-4102.jpg
  • Ruins of Idarado Mine, north of Red Mountain Pass along the Million Dollar Highway, in Colorado, USA. Winding through the San Juan Mountains, the Million Dollar Highway is the scenic 25 miles of US Route 550 between Silverton and Ouray. It was named for the twelve miles south of Ouray through the Uncompahgre Gorge to the summit of Red Mountain Pass. As part of the San Juan Skyway Scenic Byway, the Million Dollar Highway twists along sheer cliff edges with hairpin curves and few guardrails, past spectacular yellow foliage colors in autumn. This image was stitched from multiple overlapping photos.
    1909US1-4061-65-Pano.jpg
  • Two Raven House is a single-story pueblo that was inhabited intermittently for about 300 years, from 850-1150 CE on Wetherill Mesa. Mesa Verde National Park is a UNESCO World Heritage Site in Montezuma County, Colorado, USA. The park protects some of the best-preserved Ancestral Puebloan archaeological sites in the United States. It was established by Congress and President Theodore Roosevelt in 1906 near the Four Corners region of the American Southwest. Starting around 7500 BCE, Mesa Verde was seasonally inhabited by nomadic Paleo-Indians. Later, Archaic people established semi-permanent rockshelters in and around the mesa. By 1000 BCE, the Basketmaker culture emerged from the local Archaic population, and by 750 CE the Ancestral Puebloans had developed from the Basketmaker culture. The Mesa Verdeans survived using a combination of hunting, gathering, and subsistence farming of crops such as corn, beans, and squash. They built the mesa's first pueblos sometime after 650, and by the end of the 1100s began building massive cliff dwellings. By 1285, following a period of social and environmental instability driven by a series of severe and prolonged droughts, they abandoned the area and moved south into what is today Arizona and New Mexico. This image was stitched from multiple overlapping photos.
    1909US1-3485-87-Pano.jpg
  • Long House, built 1150-1300 CE on Wetherill Mesa. Mesa Verde National Park is a UNESCO World Heritage Site in Montezuma County, Colorado, USA. The park protects some of the best-preserved Ancestral Puebloan archaeological sites in the United States. It was established by Congress and President Theodore Roosevelt in 1906 near the Four Corners region of the American Southwest. Starting around 7500 BCE, Mesa Verde was seasonally inhabited by nomadic Paleo-Indians. Later, Archaic people established semi-permanent rockshelters in and around the mesa. By 1000 BCE, the Basketmaker culture emerged from the local Archaic population, and by 750 CE the Ancestral Puebloans had developed from the Basketmaker culture. The Mesa Verdeans survived using a combination of hunting, gathering, and subsistence farming of crops such as corn, beans, and squash. They built the mesa's first pueblos sometime after 650, and by the end of the 1100s began building massive cliff dwellings. By 1285, following a period of social and environmental instability driven by a series of severe and prolonged droughts, they abandoned the area and moved south into what is today Arizona and New Mexico. This image was stitched from multiple overlapping photos.
    1909US1-3394-3400-Pano.jpg
  • Visit spectacular Whitby Abbey which dates from 657-1538 AD, in the fishing port of Whitby, in North Yorkshire county, England, United Kingdom, Europe. This Christian monastery later became a Benedictine abbey, which was confiscated by the crown during the Dissolution of the Monasteries under Henry VIII in 1537-8. The abbey church overlooks the North Sea on East Cliff above Whitby. Whitby Abbey became famous in fiction by Bram Stoker's 1897 novel Dracula, as Dracula came ashore as a creature resembling a large dog who climbed the dramatic 199 steps leading to the ruins above the Esk River. England Coast to Coast hike day 13 of 14. [This image, commissioned by Wilderness Travel, is not available to any other agency providing group travel in the UK, but may otherwise be licensable from Tom Dempsey – please inquire at PhotoSeek.com.]
    17UK-6743_England.jpg
  • Visit spectacular Whitby Abbey which dates from 657-1538 AD, in the fishing port of Whitby, in North Yorkshire county, England, United Kingdom, Europe. This Christian monastery later became a Benedictine abbey, which was confiscated by the crown during the Dissolution of the Monasteries under Henry VIII in 1537-8. The abbey church overlooks the North Sea on East Cliff above Whitby. Whitby Abbey became famous in fiction by Bram Stoker's 1897 novel Dracula, as Dracula came ashore as a creature resembling a large dog who climbed the dramatic 199 steps leading to the ruins above the Esk River. England Coast to Coast hike day 13 of 14. [This image, commissioned by Wilderness Travel, is not available to any other agency providing group travel in the UK, but may otherwise be licensable from Tom Dempsey – please inquire at PhotoSeek.com.]
    17UK-6727_England.jpg
  • Electric locomotive and muck truck used to build the Channel Tunnel. The spoil deposited at Shakespeare Cliff near Dover increased the size of the UK by 90 acres. Opened in 1994, the Channel Tunnel runs 31.4 miles beneath the English Channel connecting the UK to France. The popular National Railway Museum (NRM) tells the story of rail transport in Britain and houses historically significant artifacts, rolling stock, and over 100 locomotives. Visit it in York, North Yorkshire, England, United Kingdom, Europe. In the 1800s, York became a hub of the British railway network.
    17UK2-1856_England.jpg
  • The potholed Pihea Trail traverses a spectacular cliff edge of Na Pali-Kona Forest Reserve, overlooking the Kalalau Valley in Na Pali Coast State Park down to the Pacific Ocean, a breathtaking 4000 feet below, on the island of Kauai, Hawaii, USA. Slippery wet clay makes this a challenging hike of 2.6 miles round trip with 500 feet gain to Pihea Peak. (Optionally continue past Pihea Peak to Alaka'i Swamp Trail.) Pihea Trail begins at Pu'u O Kila Lookout at the end of the road in Koke'e State Park. This image was stitched from multiple overlapping images.
    1701HAW-1502-08-Pano.jpg
  • The potholed Pihea Trail traverses a spectacular cliff edge of Na Pali-Kona Forest Reserve, overlooking the Kalalau Valley in Na Pali Coast State Park down to the Pacific Ocean, a breathtaking 4000 feet below, on the island of Kauai, Hawaii, USA. On the right, Dicranopteris linearis is commonly known as Old World forked fern, uluhe (Hawaiian), and dilim (Filipino), Climbing Fern, or False Staghorn. This fern is a keystone species in Hawaiian ecosystems and often forms deep thickets. Dicranopteris linearis is widely distributed in the wet Old World tropics, Polynesia and the Pacific. The stem grows from the rhizome, branches at a 45° angle, and forms fronds that continue to bud and branch at great length, 20+ feet. Being intolerant of shade, it climbs over other plants to reach direct sunlight. As a pioneer species in ecological succession, it can colonize bare lava flows, talus, and abandoned roads. Where humans eliminate the fern, invasive species of plants can move in. Slippery wet clay makes Pihea Trail a challenging hike of 2.6 miles round trip with 500 feet gain to Pihea Peak. Pihea Trail begins at Pu'u O Kila Lookout at the end of the road in Koke'e State Park. This image was stitched from multiple overlapping images.
    1701HAW-1475-81-Pano-Edit.jpg
  • The rooty, muddy Pihea Trail passes through cloud forest starting at end of road in Kokee SP, Kauai, Hawaii, USA. Pihea Trail traverses a spectacular cliff edge of Na Pali-Kona Forest Reserve, overlooking the Kalalau Valley in Na Pali Coast State Park down to the Pacific Ocean, a breathtaking 4000 feet below, on the island of Kauai. Slippery wet clay makes this a challenging hike of 2.6 miles round trip with 500 feet gain to Pihea Peak. (Optionally continue past Pihea Peak to Alaka'i Swamp Trail.) Pihea Trail begins at Pu'u O Kila Lookout at the end of the road in Koke'e State Park.
    1701HAW-1467.jpg
  • Ancestral Puebloan people chipped this figure into the desert varnish (oxidized surface) of 200,000-year-old volcanic basalt rock, here on the Cliff Base Trail, in Boca Negra Canyon, in Petroglyph National Monument, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA. Archeologists estimate the 23,000 petroglyphs in the monument were created between 1000 BC and AD 1700.
    1403NM-0766_Petroglyph-NM.jpg
  • The medieval Bled Castle (Slovene: Blejski grad, German: Burg Veldes) was built a little before 1011 AD on a cliff above Lake Bled, above the city of Bled, in what is now Slovenia, Europe.
    13SLO-1376_Bled-Castle-Slovenia.jpg
  • The medieval Bled Castle (Slovene: Blejski grad, German: Burg Veldes) was built a little before 1011 AD on a cliff above Lake Bled, above the city of Bled, in what is now Slovenia, Europe. Bled Castle’s chapel was built in the 1500s and renovated around 1700 with illusionist frescoes. This panorama was stitched from 3 overlapping photos.
    13SLO-1310-12pan_Bled-Castle-Sloveni...jpg
  • The medieval Bled Castle (Slovene: Blejski grad; German: Burg Veldes) was built a little before 1011 AD on a cliff above Lake Bled, above the city of Bled, in what is now Slovenia, Europe. Bled Castle’s chapel was built in the 1500s and renovated around 1700 with illusionist frescoes. This panorama was stitched from 2 overlapping photos.
    13SLO-1295-96pan_Bled-Castle-Sloveni...jpg
  • A sea stack of volcanic ash erodes from a cliff at Deception Island in the Southern Ocean (also called the Antarctic Ocean). Port Foster is one of the safest harbors in Antarctica, once you pass through narrow Neptune's Bellow (just 230 meters or 755 feet wide), sole entrance to the sea-filled caldera of Deception Island, in the South Shetland Islands near the Antarctic Peninsula. Deception Island is the caldera of an active volcano, which caused serious damage to local scientific stations in 1967 and 1969. The island previously held a whaling station and is now a tourist destination and scientific outpost, with research bases run by Argentina and Spain. The island is administered under the Antarctic Treaty System. The surrounding Southern Ocean (Antarctic Ocean) is closed by ice from early April to early December. Whalers Bay is bordered by a large black-sand beach.
    05ANT-30029_Deception-Is.jpg
  • Upper Mesa Falls plunges 114 feet over a 300 foot wide cliff face along Henrys Fork (also known as North Fork, a tributary of the Snake River) in Caribou-Targhee National Forest in southeastern Idaho, USA. Turn off Highway 47 on the Mesa Falls Scenic Byway about 15 miles north of the city of Ashton. On sunny days from about 9 am until 1 pm, the mist from powerful Upper Mesa Falls creates a beautiful rainbow. The falls flow over Mesa Falls Tuff, which formed 1.3 million years ago. A cycle of rhyolitic volcanism from the Henrys Fork caldera depositing a thick layer of rock and ash which compressed and hardened over time. Between 200,000 and 600,000 years ago, the river eroded a wide canyon which was subsequently partly filled with basalt lava flows. The Henrys Fork of the Snake River carved a channel through the basalt to create todays inner canyon.
    04ID-0089.jpg
  • Upper Mesa Falls plunges 114 feet over a 300 foot wide cliff face along Henrys Fork (also known as North Fork, a tributary of the Snake River) in Caribou-Targhee National Forest in southeastern Idaho, USA. Turn off Highway 47 on the Mesa Falls Scenic Byway about 15 miles north of the city of Ashton. On sunny days from about 9 am until 1 pm, the mist from powerful Upper Mesa Falls creates a beautiful rainbow. The falls flow over Mesa Falls Tuff, which formed 1.3 million years ago. A cycle of rhyolitic volcanism from the Henrys Fork caldera depositing a thick layer of rock and ash which compressed and hardened over time. Between 200,000 and 600,000 years ago, the river eroded a wide canyon which was subsequently partly filled with basalt lava flows. The Henrys Fork of the Snake River carved a channel through the basalt to create today's inner canyon.
    04ID-0040.jpg
  • The Red-footed Booby (Sula sula) is a large seabird of the gannet family, Sulidae. Photo is from Isla Genovesa (or Tower Island, or Bird Island), a shield volcano in the Galápagos Islands, in the eastern Pacific Ocean, Ecuador, South America. Sula sula breeds in colonies and is found widely on tropical islands. The Red-footed Booby is the smallest of all boobies at 71 cm in length and with a 137 cm wingspan, and has red legs with pink and blue bill and throat pouch. They are powerful and agile fliers but clumsy in takeoffs and landings. The brown morph of this species is brown with a white belly, rump, and tail. The white morph is mostly white with black on the flight feathers. Young birds are greyish with browner wings and pink legs. The sexes appear similar. National Park visitors follow licensed guides up the steep path of Prince Philip’s Steps (up a cliff 25 meters vertically) to seabird colonies full of life amidst a thin palo santo forest growing in a rocky desert plain.
    09ECU-3398_Galapagos.jpg
  • As seen from the Titlis lift, Engelberg Abbey (Kloster Engelberg in German) is a Benedictine monastery Engelberg Abbey, Benedictine monastery founded in 1120, in Engelberg, Switzerland, Europe, located at the head of the Nidwalden Valley, in Canton of Obwalden, Switzerland, Europe. It is dedicated to Our Lady of the Angels. In Engelberg, we rode the Titlis lift, the world's first rotating cable car. The Titlis cable car system connects Engelberg (996 m or 3,268 ft) to the summit of Klein Titlis (3,028 m or 9,934 ft) via stations at Trübsee and Stand. At Klein Titlis, we visited the illuminated Glacier Cave and Titlis Cliff Walk, the highest elevation suspension bridge in Europe, opened in December 2012, giving views across the Alps. We enjoyed walking 2 miles around scenic Trübsee, a circuit where six play stations for kids make an ideal family excursion, suitable for strollers. Scheduling 3 nights in Engelberg provided a well-needed rest break in the middle of hiking the first ten stages of the Swiss Via Alpina (National Route 1).
    22ALP-08811.jpg
  • Swiss Via Alpina 1: one of six play stations around Trübsee, near Engelberg, in Switzerland, Europe. In Engelberg, we rode the Titlis lift, the world's first rotating cable car. The Titlis cable car system connects Engelberg (996 m or 3,268 ft) to the summit of Klein Titlis (3,028 m or 9,934 ft) via stations at Trübsee and Stand. At Klein Titlis, we visited the illuminated Glacier Cave and Titlis Cliff Walk, the highest elevation suspension bridge in Europe, opened in December 2012, giving views across the Alps. We enjoyed walking 2 miles around scenic Trübsee, a circuit where six play stations for kids make an ideal family excursion, suitable for strollers. Scheduling 3 nights in Engelberg provided a well-needed rest break in the middle of hiking the first ten stages of the Swiss Via Alpina (National Route 1).
    22ALP-08799.jpg
  • Swiss Via Alpina 1: Mt Titlis (on left) rises above Trübsee, near Engelberg, in Switzerland, Europe. In Engelberg, we rode the Titlis lift, the world's first rotating cable car. The Titlis cable car system connects Engelberg (996 m or 3,268 ft) to the summit of Klein Titlis (3,028 m or 9,934 ft) via stations at Trübsee and Stand. At Klein Titlis, we visited the illuminated Glacier Cave and Titlis Cliff Walk, the highest elevation suspension bridge in Europe, opened in December 2012, giving views across the Alps. We enjoyed walking 2 miles around scenic Trübsee, a circuit where six play stations for kids make an ideal family excursion, suitable for strollers. Scheduling 3 nights in Engelberg provided a well-needed rest break in the middle of hiking the first ten stages of the Swiss Via Alpina (National Route 1).
    22ALP-08718-Pano.jpg
  • Swiss Via Alpina 1: a cow with a large bell at Trübsee, near Engelberg, in Switzerland, Europe. In Engelberg, we rode the Titlis lift, the world's first rotating cable car. The Titlis cable car system connects Engelberg (996 m or 3,268 ft) to the summit of Klein Titlis (3,028 m or 9,934 ft) via stations at Trübsee and Stand. At Klein Titlis, we visited the illuminated Glacier Cave and Titlis Cliff Walk, the highest elevation suspension bridge in Europe, opened in December 2012, giving views across the Alps. We enjoyed walking 2 miles around scenic Trübsee, a circuit where six play stations for kids make an ideal family excursion, suitable for strollers. Scheduling 3 nights in Engelberg provided a well-needed rest break in the middle of hiking the first ten stages of the Swiss Via Alpina (National Route 1).
    22ALP-08787.jpg
  • Swiss Via Alpina 1: a middle stage of Titlis lift rises above Trübsee, near Engelberg, Switzerland, Europe. The banner of the USA appears on one gondola as part of a series featuring flags of the world. In Engelberg, we rode the Titlis lift, the world's first rotating cable car. The Titlis cable car system connects Engelberg (996 m or 3,268 ft) to the summit of Klein Titlis (3,028 m or 9,934 ft) via stations at Trübsee and Stand. At Klein Titlis, we visited the illuminated Glacier Cave and Titlis Cliff Walk, the highest elevation suspension bridge in Europe, opened in December 2012, giving views across the Alps. We enjoyed walking 2 miles around scenic Trübsee, a circuit where six play stations for kids make an ideal family excursion, suitable for strollers. Scheduling 3 nights in Engelberg provided a well-needed rest break in the middle of hiking the first ten stages of the Swiss Via Alpina (National Route 1).
    22ALP-08658.jpg
  • Swiss Via Alpina 1: Trübsee, near Engelberg, in Switzerland, Europe. In Engelberg, we rode the Titlis lift, the world's first rotating cable car. The Titlis cable car system connects Engelberg (996 m or 3,268 ft) to the summit of Klein Titlis (3,028 m or 9,934 ft) via stations at Trübsee and Stand. At Klein Titlis, we visited the illuminated Glacier Cave and Titlis Cliff Walk, the highest elevation suspension bridge in Europe, opened in December 2012, giving views across the Alps. We enjoyed walking 2 miles around scenic Trübsee, a circuit where six play stations for kids make an ideal family excursion, suitable for strollers. Scheduling 3 nights in Engelberg provided a well-needed rest break in the middle of hiking the first ten stages of the Swiss Via Alpina (National Route 1).
    22ALP-08716.jpg
  • Swiss Via Alpina 1: sharp blue ridges of the Alps seen from atop Mt. Titlis, near Engelberg, Switzerland, Europe. In Engelberg, we rode the Titlis lift, the world's first rotating cable car. The Titlis cable car system connects Engelberg (996 m or 3,268 ft) to the summit of Klein Titlis (3,028 m or 9,934 ft) via stations at Trübsee and Stand. At Klein Titlis, we visited the illuminated Glacier Cave and Titlis Cliff Walk, the highest elevation suspension bridge in Europe, opened in December 2012, giving views across the Alps. We enjoyed walking 2 miles around scenic Trübsee, a circuit where six play stations for kids make an ideal family excursion, suitable for strollers. Scheduling 3 nights in Engelberg provided a well-needed rest break in the middle of hiking the first ten stages of the Swiss Via Alpina (National Route 1).
    22ALP-08598.jpg
  • Swiss Via Alpina 1: sharp blue ridges of the Alps seen from atop Mt. Titlis, near Engelberg, Switzerland, Europe. In Engelberg, we rode the Titlis lift, the world's first rotating cable car. The Titlis cable car system connects Engelberg (996 m or 3,268 ft) to the summit of Klein Titlis (3,028 m or 9,934 ft) via stations at Trübsee and Stand. At Klein Titlis, we visited the illuminated Glacier Cave and Titlis Cliff Walk, the highest elevation suspension bridge in Europe, opened in December 2012, giving views across the Alps. We enjoyed walking 2 miles around scenic Trübsee, a circuit where six play stations for kids make an ideal family excursion, suitable for strollers. Scheduling 3 nights in Engelberg provided a well-needed rest break in the middle of hiking the first ten stages of the Swiss Via Alpina (National Route 1).
    22ALP-08596.jpg
  • Bison. Badlands National Park, South Dakota, USA. The intricately carved cliff of the Badlands Wall constantly retreats as it erodes and washes into the White River Valley below.
    20.10US1-0768.jpg
  • Orange sunrise lights rock formations at Cedar Pass Lodge in Badlands NP, South Dakota, USA. The intricately carved cliff of the Badlands Wall constantly retreats as it erodes and washes into the White River Valley below.
    20.10US1-0747.jpg
  • Sunrise near Ben Reifel Visitor Center in Badlands National Park, South Dakota, USA. The intricately carved cliff of the Badlands Wall constantly retreats as it erodes and washes into the White River Valley below.
    20.10US1-0707.jpg
  • Orange sunrise near Ben Reifel Visitor Center in Badlands National Park, South Dakota, USA. The intricately carved cliff of the Badlands Wall constantly retreats as it erodes and washes into the White River Valley below.
    20.10US1-0712.jpg
  • American flag at sunrise in Badlands Campground in Badlands National Park, South Dakota, USA. The intricately carved cliff of the Badlands Wall constantly retreats as it erodes and washes into the White River Valley below.
    20.10US1-0703.jpg
  • Moonrise at sunset near Ben Reifel Visitor Center in Badlands National Park, South Dakota, USA. The intricately carved cliff of the Badlands Wall constantly retreats as it erodes and washes into the White River Valley below.
    20.10US1-0677.jpg
  • Sunset on rock formations near Ben Reifel Visitor Center in Badlands National Park, South Dakota, USA. The intricately carved cliff of the Badlands Wall constantly retreats as it erodes and washes into the White River Valley below.
    20.10US1-0657.jpg
  • Sunrise at Badlands Campground in Badlands National Park, South Dakota, USA. The intricately carved cliff of the Badlands Wall constantly retreats as it erodes and washes into the White River Valley below.
    20.10US1-0696.jpg
  • A hiker explores rock formations north of Ben Reifel Visitor Center near sunset in Badlands National Park, South Dakota, USA. The intricately carved cliff of the Badlands Wall constantly retreats as it erodes and washes into the White River Valley below.
    20.10US1-0625.jpg
  • Sunset on rock formations near Ben Reifel Visitor Center in Badlands National Park, South Dakota, USA. The intricately carved cliff of the Badlands Wall constantly retreats as it erodes and washes into the White River Valley below.
    20.10US1-0649.jpg
  • Sunset illuminates the Badlands Wall above cracked mud near Ben Reifel Visitor Center in Badlands National Park, South Dakota, USA. The intricately carved cliff of the Badlands Wall constantly retreats as it erodes and washes into the White River Valley below.
    20.10US1-0623.jpg
  • Shadowy rock formations at sunset near Ben Reifel Visitor Center in Badlands National Park, South Dakota, USA. The intricately carved cliff of the Badlands Wall constantly retreats as it erodes and washes into the White River Valley below.
    20.10US1-0605.jpg
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