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  • Old wooden wagon, McCarthy, Alaska, USA. McCarthy and nearby Kennecott Mines National Historic Landmark are nestled under the glacier-clad Wrangell Mountains within Wrangell-St. Elias National Park and Preserve, Alaska, USA. Old mine buildings, artifacts, and colorful history attract summer visitors. Remote McCarthy is connected to Chitina via the McCarthy Road spur of the Edgerton Highway. At the east end of McCarthy Road, visitors must park their vehicle and walk across the footbridge to McCarthy. From McCarthy, a privately-operated shuttle takes visitors 5 miles to Kennecott. After copper was discovered between the Kennicott Glacier and McCarthy Creek in 1900, the Kennecott town, mines, and Kennecott Mining Company were created and named after the adjacent glacier. Kennicott Glacier and River had previously been named after Robert Kennicott, a naturalist who explored in Alaska in the mid-1800s. The corporation and town stuck with a mistaken spelling of "Kennecott" with an e (instead of "Kennicott" with an i). Partly because alcoholic beverages and prostitution were forbidden in the company town of Kennecott, the neighboring town of McCarthy grew quickly to provide a bar, brothel, gymnasium, hospital, and school. The Copper River and Northwestern Railway reached McCarthy in 1911 to haul over 200 million dollars worth of ore 196 miles to the port of Cordova on Prince William Sound. By 1938, the worlds richest concentration of copper ore was mostly gone, the town was mostly abandoned, and railroad service ended. Not until the 1970s did the area began to draw young people for adventure and the big money of the Trans Alaska Pipeline project. Declaration of Wrangell-St. Elias National Park in 1980 drew adventurous tourists who helped revive McCarthy with demand for needed services. Wrangell-St. Elias National Park and Preserve (the largest National Park in the USA) is honored by UNESCO as part of an International Biosphere Reserve and UNESCO World Heritage Site.
    06AK_3047-McCarthy.jpg
  • Built in 1911 as part of the Copper River and Northwestern Railway, Gilahina Trestle rises 90 feet high along the McCarthy Road in Wrangell-St. Elias National Park and Preserve, Alaska, USA. Wrangell-St. Elias National Park and Preserve (the largest National Park in the USA) is honored by UNESCO as part of an International Biosphere Reserve and UNESCO World Heritage Site.
    06AK_2226-Gilahina-Trestle-1911.jpg
  • Sinopah Mountain (8271 feet or 2521 meters) reflects in Pray Lake at sunrise, in Glacier National Park, Montana, USA. Since 1932, Canada and USA have shared Waterton-Glacier International Peace Park, which UNESCO declared a World Heritage Site (1995) containing two Biosphere Reserves (1976). Rocks in the park are primarily sedimentary layers deposited in shallow seas over 1.6 billion to 800 million years ago. During the tectonic formation of the Rocky Mountains 170 million years ago, the Lewis Overthrust displaced these old rocks over newer Cretaceous age rocks. Glaciers carved spectacular U-shaped valleys and pyramidal peaks as recently as the Last Glacial Maximum (the last "Ice Age" 25,000 to 13,000 years ago). Of the 150 glaciers existing in the mid 1800s, only 25 active glaciers remain in the park as of 2010, and all may disappear by 2020, say climate scientists.
    07GLA-1321-p2.jpg
  • In 1930, the Ptarmigan Tunnel was dug 183 feet through the Ptarmigan Wall for hikers from Many Glacier to reach the Belly River Valley in Glacier National Park, Montana, USA. Since 1932, Canada and USA have shared Waterton-Glacier International Peace Park, which UNESCO declared a World Heritage Site (1995) containing two Biosphere Reserves (1976). Rocks in the park are primarily sedimentary layers deposited in shallow seas over 1.6 billion to 800 million years ago. During the tectonic formation of the Rocky Mountains 170 million years ago, the Lewis Overthrust displaced these old rocks over newer Cretaceous age rocks. Glaciers carved spectacular U-shaped valleys and pyramidal peaks as recently as the Last Glacial Maximum (the last "Ice Age" 25,000 to 13,000 years ago). Of the 150 glaciers existing in the mid 1800s, only 25 active glaciers remain in the park as of 2010, and all may disappear by 2020, say climate scientists.
    07GLA-0699.jpg
  • Billion-year-old orange and blue sedimentary rocks erode in complex patterns in Glacier National Park, Montana, USA. Rocks in the park are primarily sedimentary layers deposited in shallow seas over 1.6 billion to 800 million years ago. During the tectonic formation of the Rocky Mountains 170 million years ago, the Lewis Overthrust displaced these old rocks over newer Cretaceous age rocks. Since 1932, Canada and USA have shared Waterton-Glacier International Peace Park, which UNESCO declared a World Heritage Site (1995) containing two Biosphere Reserves (1976).
    07GLA-0194.jpg
  • Large white dikes infuse gray rock in a mountainside at Pine Lake, in John Muir Wilderness, Inyo National Forest, California, USA. From Pine Creek Pass Trailhead, we backpacked to Honeymoon Lake and Granite Park in Inyo National Forest, California, USA. Day 1: backpack 6.2 miles with 2900 feet gain to Honeymoon Lake. Day 2: backpack 3.1 miles with 1300 ft gain to Granite Park. Day 3: backpack 2.7 miles with 1300 ft descent to Honeymoon Lake to set up tents; then day hike 4.4 miles round trip with 900 ft gain to Pine Creek Pass. Day 4: backpack 6.2 miles with 2900 ft descent to the trailhead.
    2108CA2-0129.jpg
  • A Sierra Columbine (Aquilegia Pubescens) blooms yellow in Little Lakes Valley. We hiked 7.9 miles round trip with 1040 feet gain to Gem Lakes in Inyo National Forest, California, USA.v
    2108CA1-170.jpg
  • Glacier-scoured rock pattern near Burro Pass, in Hoover Wilderness of Humboldt-Toiyabe National Forest, Eastern Sierra Nevada, Mono County, California, USA.
    2007CA-2753.jpg
  • Columbine flower (genus Aquilegia in the Buttercup family, Ranunculaceae) on Burro Pass in Hoover Wilderness of Humboldt-Toiyabe National Forest, Eastern Sierra Nevada, Mono County, California, USA.
    2007CA-2762.jpg
  • Sky and mountains lit by sunset reflect in a wavy pond south of Nutter Lake in Hoover Wilderness of Humboldt-Toiyabe National Forest, Eastern Sierra Nevada, Mono County, California, USA.
    2007CA-2418.jpg
  • Yellow green and purple rock pattern along the trail to Shadow Lake (7.5 miles, 1200 ft gain) in Ansel Adams Wilderness, Inyo National Forest, Sierra Nevada, Mammoth Lakes village, California, USA.
    2007CA-1208.jpg
  • Hiking Mammoth Crest above Crystal Crag in Inyo National Forest, Mammoth Lakes, California, USA. We hiked from Lake George Trailhead to Crystal Lake (side trip) and Mammoth Crest for 7 miles with 2000 ft gain.
    2007CA-1133.jpg
  • Eagle Cap rises above Mirror Lake at sunset. Backback to Mirror Lake in Eagle Cap Wilderness, Wallowa-Whitman National Forest, Wallowa Mountains, Columbia Plateau, northeastern Oregon, USA. Hike 7.3 miles from Two Pan Trailhead (5600 ft) up East Lostine River to camp at popular Mirror Lake (7606 ft). Day hike to Glacier Lake via Glacier Pass (6 miles round trip, 1200 ft gain). Backpack out 8.7 miles via Carper Pass, Minam Lake and West Fork Lostine. From September 11-13, 2016 Carol and I walked 22 miles in 3 days. This image was stitched from 9 overlapping photos.
    1609WAL-031-39-Pano.jpg
  • Fields of White Avalanche Lilies bloom in late July along the trail in Spray Park, in Mount Rainier National Park, Washington, USA. Erythronium montanum (in the Liliaceae family) is native to the alpine and subalpine Olympic and Cascade Ranges of the Pacific Northwest and coastal British Columbia, in North America. Avalanche Lilies bloom as snow melts in late spring and early summer in damp subalpine woodlands and alpine meadows.
    1207SP2_087.jpg
  • A tall tree looms behind a canopy of Japanese maple leaves in Washington Park Arboretum, Seattle, Washington, USA. Washington Park Arboretum is a joint project of the University of Washington, the Seattle Department of Parks and Recreation, and the nonprofit Arboretum Foundation.
    1210ARB-028_forest-Japanese-maples.jpg
  • A venerable tree casts its shadow onto bright green grass by a park bench. Admire diverse plants and trees throughout the year in Washington Park Arboretum, Seattle, Washington, USA. Washington Park Arboretum is a joint project of the University of Washington, the Seattle Department of Parks and Recreation, and the nonprofit Arboretum Foundation.
    1210ARB-016_park-green-grass.jpg
  • See Glacier Peak (elevation 10,541 feet) from atop Beckler Peak Trail, 7.4 miles round trip with 2200 feet gain, in Mount Baker-Snoqualmie National Forest, Washington, USA. Glacier Peak, located in Glacier Peak Wilderness, is the most isolated of the five major stratovolcanoes (composite volcanoes) of the Cascade Volcanic Arc in Washington. See vistas of  the town of Skykomish, Skykomish Valley, and Alpine Lakes, Wild Sky, and Henry M. Jackson Wilderness. Directions: Drive US Highway 2 to near Milepost 52, and turn north onto Forest Service Road 6066. Drive 6.6 miles on a gravel road to the Jennifer Dunn Trailhead.
    1208BEC-020_Glacier-Peak.jpg
  • The North Cascades Highway (SR 20) crosses Diablo Lake at Colonial Creek Campground in Ross Lake National Recreation Area, Washington, USA. Camp in old growth forest at the base of the impressively glaciated Colonial Peak. Colonial Creek Campground (elevation 1200 feet) is on SR 20 at mile post 130 (25 miles east of Marblemount and 63 miles west of Winthrop). The panorama was stitched from 9 overlapping images.
    1207CAS-121-129pan_Lake-Diablo.jpg
  • Fields of White Avalanche Lilies bloom in late July along the trail in Spray Park, in Mount Rainier National Park, Washington, USA. Erythronium montanum (in the Liliaceae family) is native to the alpine and subalpine Olympic and Cascade Ranges of the Pacific Northwest and coastal British Columbia, in North America. Avalanche Lilies bloom as snow melts in late spring and early summer in damp subalpine woodlands and alpine meadows.
    1207SP2_134_Avalanche-Lily.jpg
  • A Dodecatheon pulchellum flower (or pretty shooting star) blooms in Spray Park, Mount Rainier National Park, Washington, USA. It is a perennial herb with single, leafless flower stems, growing from very short erect root stocks with no bulblets.
    1207SP2_137_shooting-star-flower.jpg
  • A creek splashes beside the trail to Spray Park, in Mount Rainier National Park, Washington, USA.
    1207SPR_104_Cascades-waterfall.jpg
  • Fields of White Avalanche Lilies bloom in late July along the trail in Spray Park, in Mount Rainier National Park, Washington, USA. Erythronium montanum (in the Liliaceae family) is native to the alpine and subalpine Olympic and Cascade Ranges of the Pacific Northwest and coastal British Columbia, in North America. Avalanche Lilies bloom as snow melts in late spring and early summer in damp subalpine woodlands and alpine meadows.
    1207SP2_098_Avalanche-Lily.jpg
  • At sunrise, peaks of Sawtooth Wilderness reflect in Little Redfish Lake in Sawtooth National Recreation Area, Blaine County, Idaho, USA. The Sawtooth Range (part of the Rocky Mountains) are made of pink granite of the 50 million year old Sawtooth batholith. Sawtooth Wilderness, managed by the US Forest Service within Sawtooth National Recreation Area, has some of the best air quality in the lower 48 states (says the US EPA). Panorama stitched from 4 overlapping photos.
    07SAW-1115-18pan_Little-Redfish-Lake.jpg
  • Upper Mesa Falls plunges 114 feet over a 300 foot wide cliff face along Henrys Fork (also known as North Fork, a tributary of the Snake River) in Caribou-Targhee National Forest in southeastern Idaho, USA. Turn off Highway 47 on the Mesa Falls Scenic Byway about 15 miles north of the city of Ashton. On sunny days from about 9 am until 1 pm, the mist from powerful Upper Mesa Falls creates a beautiful rainbow. The falls flow over Mesa Falls Tuff, which formed 1.3 million years ago. A cycle of rhyolitic volcanism from the Henrys Fork caldera depositing a thick layer of rock and ash which compressed and hardened over time. Between 200,000 and 600,000 years ago, the river eroded a wide canyon which was subsequently partly filled with basalt lava flows. The Henrys Fork of the Snake River carved a channel through the basalt to create todays inner canyon.
    04ID-0089.jpg
  • Upper Mesa Falls plunges 114 feet over a 300 foot wide cliff face along Henrys Fork (also known as North Fork, a tributary of the Snake River) in Caribou-Targhee National Forest in southeastern Idaho, USA. Turn off Highway 47 on the Mesa Falls Scenic Byway about 15 miles north of the city of Ashton. On sunny days from about 9 am until 1 pm, the mist from powerful Upper Mesa Falls creates a beautiful rainbow. The falls flow over Mesa Falls Tuff, which formed 1.3 million years ago. A cycle of rhyolitic volcanism from the Henrys Fork caldera depositing a thick layer of rock and ash which compressed and hardened over time. Between 200,000 and 600,000 years ago, the river eroded a wide canyon which was subsequently partly filled with basalt lava flows. The Henrys Fork of the Snake River carved a channel through the basalt to create today's inner canyon.
    04ID-0040.jpg
  • A ranch gate frames the Sawtooth Mountains near Stanley, Idaho, USA. The Sawtooth Range (part of the Rocky Mountains) are made of pink granite of the 50 million year old Sawtooth batholith.
    07SAW-1161.jpg
  • Old fire wagon. Formerly a gold mining town from 1879-1910, Custer Historic Site is now a ghost town, near Stanley, Idaho, USA. The city of Custer was named after General George Armstrong Custer, who was killed in battle in 1876. Custer is now part of the Land of the Yankee Fork State Park and Challis National Forest Historic Area.
    07SAW-0808-0ld-wagon.jpg
  • Yankee Fork Gold Dredge operated from 1940-1952 near near Custer Historic Site, in Idaho, USA. This floating gold dredge chewed a wide swath of stream gravel leaving rocky dredge tailings along 5.5 miles of the Yankee Fork, a tributary of the Salmon River, near Stanley, Idaho, USA. It recovered an estimated $1,037,322 in gold and silver at a cost of $1,076,100. Visit Land of the Yankee Fork State Park in Salmon-Challis National Forest near Stanley, Idaho.
    07SAW-0770.jpg
  • Yankee Fork Gold Dredge operated from 1940-1952 near near Custer Historic Site, in Idaho, USA. This floating gold dredge chewed a wide swath of stream gravel leaving rocky dredge tailings along 5.5 miles of the Yankee Fork, a tributary of the Salmon River, near Stanley, Idaho, USA. It recovered an estimated $1,037,322 in gold and silver at a cost of $1,076,100. Visit Land of the Yankee Fork State Park in Salmon-Challis National Forest near Stanley, Idaho.
    07SAW-0768.jpg
  • Yankee Fork Gold Dredge operated from 1940-1952 near near Custer Historic Site, in Idaho, USA. This floating gold dredge chewed a wide swath of stream gravel leaving rocky dredge tailings along 5.5 miles of the Yankee Fork, a tributary of the Salmon River, near Stanley, Idaho, USA. It recovered an estimated $1,037,322 in gold and silver at a cost of $1,076,100. Visit Land of the Yankee Fork State Park in Salmon-Challis National Forest near Stanley, Idaho.
    07SAW-0765.jpg
  • Valve wheels and meters. Yankee Fork Gold Dredge operated from 1940-1952 near near Custer Historic Site, in Idaho, USA. This floating gold dredge chewed a wide swath of stream gravel leaving rocky dredge tailings along 5.5 miles of the Yankee Fork, a tributary of the Salmon River, near Stanley, Idaho, USA. It recovered an estimated $1,037,322 in gold and silver at a cost of $1,076,100. Visit Land of the Yankee Fork State Park in Salmon-Challis National Forest near Stanley, Idaho.
    07SAW-0754.jpg
  • Yankee Fork Gold Dredge operated from 1940-1952 near near Custer Historic Site, in Idaho, USA. This floating gold dredge chewed a wide swath of stream gravel leaving rocky dredge tailings along 5.5 miles of the Yankee Fork, a tributary of the Salmon River, near Stanley, Idaho, USA. It recovered an estimated $1,037,322 in gold and silver at a cost of $1,076,100. Visit Land of the Yankee Fork State Park in Salmon-Challis National Forest near Stanley, Idaho. Panorama stitched from 2 overlapping photos.
    07SAW-0692-93pan_Yankee-Fork-Gold-Dr...jpg
  • A mountain goat shares the Exit Glacier Trail in the Kenai Mountains of Alaska, USA. The mountain goat (Oreamnos americanus, or Rocky Mountain Goat) is a large-hoofed mammal found only in North America. It is an even-toed ungulate in the family Bovidae, in subfamily Caprinae (goat-antelopes), in the Oreamnos genus, but is NOT a true "goat." The only road into Kenai Fjords National Park is a spur of the Seward Highway to Exit Glacier, one of the most visited glaciers in Alaska. It was named after the exit of the first recorded crossing of Harding Icefield in 1968. Hike trails to the glacier terminus or up to Harding Icefield.
    06AK_7050-mountain-goat_Kenai-FNP.jpg
  • The Trans Alaska Pipeline (or Alyeska Pipeline) crosses the Alaska Range and conveys crude oil 800 miles (1287 km) from Prudhoe Bay to Valdez, Alaska, USA. The Pipeline snakes above ground in "S" shapes to enable expansion and contraction as weather varies. Horizontal slip-bars allow for sliding in a severe earthquake. The 48-inch diameter (122 cm) pipeline is privately owned by the Alyeska Pipeline Service Company. The Trans Alaska Pipeline System (TAPS) includes "The Pipeline", several hundred miles of feeder pipelines, 11 pump stations, and the Valdez Marine Terminal. Environmental, legal, and political debates followed the discovery of oil at Prudhoe Bay in 1968. After the 1973 oil crisis caused a sharp rise in oil prices in the United States and made exploration of the Prudhoe Bay oil field economically feasible, legislation removed legal challenges and the pipeline was built 1974-1977. Extreme cold, permafrost, and difficult terrain challenged builders. Tens of thousands of workers flocked to Alaska, causing a boomtown atmosphere in Valdez, Fairbanks, and Anchorage. Oil began flowing in 1977. The pipeline delivered the oil spilled by the huge 1989 Exxon Valdez oil tanker disaster, which caused environmental damage expected to last 20-30 years in Prince William Sound.
    06AK_3197-Alyeska-Pipeline.jpg
  • Plants reclaim a ghost town. Kennecott Mines National Historic Landmark and nearby McCarthy are nestled under the glacier-clad Wrangell Mountains within Wrangell-St. Elias National Park and Preserve, Alaska, USA. Old mine buildings, artifacts, and colorful history attract summer visitors. Remote McCarthy is connected to Chitina via the McCarthy Road spur of the Edgerton Highway. At the east end of McCarthy Road, visitors must park their vehicle and walk across the footbridge to McCarthy. From McCarthy, a privately-operated shuttle takes visitors 5 miles to Kennecott. After copper was discovered between the Kennicott Glacier and McCarthy Creek in 1900, the Kennecott town, mines, and Kennecott Mining Company were created and named after the adjacent glacier. Kennicott Glacier and River had previously been named after Robert Kennicott, a naturalist who explored in Alaska in the mid-1800s. The corporation and town stuck with a mistaken spelling of "Kennecott" with an e (instead of "Kennicott" with an i). Partly because alcoholic beverages and prostitution were forbidden in the company town of Kennecott, the neighboring town of McCarthy grew quickly to provide a bar, brothel, gymnasium, hospital, and school. The Copper River and Northwestern Railway reached McCarthy in 1911 to haul over 200 million dollars worth of ore 196 miles to the port of Cordova on Prince William Sound. By 1938, the worlds richest concentration of copper ore was mostly gone, the town was mostly abandoned, and railroad service ended. Not until the 1970s did the area began to draw young people for adventure and the big money of the Trans Alaska Pipeline project. Declaration of Wrangell-St. Elias National Park in 1980 drew adventurous tourists who helped revive McCarthy with demand for needed services. Wrangell-St. Elias National Park and Preserve (the largest National Park in the USA) is honored by UNESCO as part of an International Biosphere Reserve and UNESCO World Heritage Site.
    06AK_3103-Kennecott-Mines-NHL.jpg
  • Rusty bolts droop from an old wooden cable reel for a copper ore tram system. Kennecott Mines National Historic Landmark and nearby McCarthy are nestled under the glacier-clad Wrangell Mountains within Wrangell-St. Elias National Park and Preserve, Alaska, USA. Old mine buildings, artifacts, and colorful history attract summer visitors. Remote McCarthy is connected to Chitina via the McCarthy Road spur of the Edgerton Highway. At the east end of McCarthy Road, visitors must park their vehicle and walk across the footbridge to McCarthy. From McCarthy, a privately-operated shuttle takes visitors 5 miles to Kennecott. After copper was discovered between the Kennicott Glacier and McCarthy Creek in 1900, the Kennecott town, mines, and Kennecott Mining Company were created and named after the adjacent glacier. Kennicott Glacier and River had previously been named after Robert Kennicott, a naturalist who explored in Alaska in the mid-1800s. The corporation and town stuck with a mistaken spelling of "Kennecott" with an e (instead of "Kennicott" with an i). Partly because alcoholic beverages and prostitution were forbidden in the company town of Kennecott, the neighboring town of McCarthy grew quickly to provide a bar, brothel, gymnasium, hospital, and school. The Copper River and Northwestern Railway reached McCarthy in 1911 to haul over 200 million dollars worth of ore 196 miles to the port of Cordova on Prince William Sound. By 1938, the worlds richest concentration of copper ore was mostly gone, the town was mostly abandoned, and railroad service ended. Not until the 1970s did the area began to draw young people for adventure and the big money of the Trans Alaska Pipeline project. Declaration of Wrangell-St. Elias National Park in 1980 drew adventurous tourists who helped revive McCarthy with demand for needed services. Wrangell-St. Elias Park and Preserve (the largest National Park in the USA) is honored by UNESCO as a World Heritage Site.
    06AK_3089-Kennecott-Mines-NHL.jpg
  • 14-story tall Kennecott Concentration Mill processed copper ore 1911-1938. Kennecott Mines National Historic Landmark and nearby McCarthy nestle under the Wrangell Mountains within Wrangell-St. Elias National Park and Preserve, Alaska, USA. Old mine buildings, artifacts, and colorful history attract summer visitors. Remote McCarthy is connected to Chitina via the McCarthy Road spur of the Edgerton Highway. At the east end of McCarthy Road, visitors must park their vehicle and walk across the footbridge to McCarthy. From McCarthy, a privately-operated shuttle takes visitors 5 miles to Kennecott. After copper was discovered between the Kennicott Glacier and McCarthy Creek in 1900, the Kennecott town, mines, and Kennecott Mining Company were created and named after the adjacent glacier. Kennicott Glacier and River had previously been named after Robert Kennicott, a naturalist who explored in Alaska in the mid-1800s. The corporation and town stuck with a mistaken spelling of "Kennecott" with an e (instead of "Kennicott" with an i). Partly because alcoholic beverages and prostitution were forbidden in the company town of Kennecott, the neighboring town of McCarthy grew quickly to provide a bar, brothel, gymnasium, hospital, and school. The Copper River and Northwestern Railway reached McCarthy in 1911 to haul over 200 million dollars worth of ore 196 miles to the port of Cordova on Prince William Sound. By 1938, the worlds richest concentration of copper ore was mostly gone, the town was mostly abandoned, and railroad service ended. Not until the 1970s did the area began to draw young people for adventure and the big money of the Trans Alaska Pipeline project. Declaration of Wrangell-St. Elias National Park in 1980 drew adventurous tourists who helped revive McCarthy with demand for needed services. Wrangell-St. Elias National Park and Preserve (the largest National Park in the USA) is honored by UNESCO as a World Heritage Site.
    06AK_3086-Kennecott-Mines-NHL.jpg
  • The New Golden Saloon, McCarthy, Alaska, USA. McCarthy and nearby Kennecott Mines National Historic Landmark are nestled under the glacier-clad Wrangell Mountains within Wrangell-St. Elias National Park and Preserve, Alaska, USA. Old mine buildings, artifacts, and colorful history attract summer visitors. Remote McCarthy is connected to Chitina via the McCarthy Road spur of the Edgerton Highway. At the east end of McCarthy Road, visitors must park their vehicle and walk across the footbridge to McCarthy. From McCarthy, a privately-operated shuttle takes visitors 5 miles to Kennecott. After copper was discovered between the Kennicott Glacier and McCarthy Creek in 1900, the Kennecott town, mines, and Kennecott Mining Company were created and named after the adjacent glacier. The corporation and town stuck with a mistaken spelling of "Kennecott" with an e (instead of "Kennicott" with an i). Partly because alcoholic beverages and prostitution were forbidden in the company town of Kennecott, the neighboring town of McCarthy grew quickly to provide a bar, brothel, gymnasium, hospital, and school. The Copper River and Northwestern Railway reached McCarthy in 1911 to haul over 200 million dollars worth of ore 196 miles to the port of Cordova on Prince William Sound. By 1938, the worlds richest concentration of copper ore was mostly gone, the town was mostly abandoned, and railroad service ended. Not until the 1970s did the area began to draw young people for adventure and the big money of the Trans Alaska Pipeline project. Declaration of Wrangell-St. Elias National Park in 1980 drew adventurous tourists who helped revive McCarthy with demand for needed services. Wrangell-St. Elias National Park and Preserve (the largest National Park in the USA) is honored by UNESCO as part of an International Biosphere Reserve and UNESCO World Heritage Site.
    06AK_3046-McCarthy.jpg
  • Chairs invite guests to Ma Johnson's Hotel porch, in McCarthy, Alaska, USA. McCarthy and nearby Kennecott Mines National Historic Landmark are nestled under the glacier-clad Wrangell Mountains within Wrangell-St. Elias National Park and Preserve, Alaska, USA. Old mine buildings, artifacts, and colorful history attract summer visitors. Remote McCarthy is connected to Chitina via the McCarthy Road spur of the Edgerton Highway. At the east end of McCarthy Road, visitors must park their vehicle and walk across the footbridge to McCarthy. From McCarthy, a privately-operated shuttle takes visitors 5 miles to Kennecott. After copper was discovered between the Kennicott Glacier and McCarthy Creek in 1900, the Kennecott town, mines, and Kennecott Mining Company were created and named after the adjacent glacier. Kennicott Glacier and River had previously been named after Robert Kennicott, a naturalist who explored in Alaska in the mid-1800s. The corporation and town stuck with a mistaken spelling of "Kennecott" with an e (instead of "Kennicott" with an i). Partly because alcoholic beverages and prostitution were forbidden in the company town of Kennecott, the neighboring town of McCarthy grew quickly to provide a bar, brothel, gymnasium, hospital, and school. The Copper River and Northwestern Railway reached McCarthy in 1911 to haul over 200 million dollars worth of ore 196 miles to the port of Cordova on Prince William Sound. By 1938, the worlds richest concentration of copper ore was mostly gone, the town was mostly abandoned, and railroad service ended. Not until the 1970s did the area began to draw young people for adventure and the big money of the Trans Alaska Pipeline project. Declaration of Wrangell-St. Elias National Park in 1980 drew adventurous tourists who helped revive McCarthy with demand for needed services. Wrangell-St. Elias National Park and Preserve (the largest National Park in the USA) is honored by UNESCO as a World Heritage Site.
    06AK_3045-McCarthy.jpg
  • Ma Johnson's Hotel hosts visitors in historic McCarthy. McCarthy and nearby Kennecott Mines National Historic Landmark are nestled under the glacier-clad Wrangell Mountains within Wrangell-St. Elias National Park and Preserve, Alaska, USA. Old mine buildings, artifacts, and colorful history attract summer visitors. Remote McCarthy is connected to Chitina via the McCarthy Road spur of the Edgerton Highway. At the east end of McCarthy Road, visitors must park their vehicle and walk across the footbridge to McCarthy. From McCarthy, a privately-operated shuttle takes visitors 5 miles to Kennecott. After copper was discovered between the Kennicott Glacier and McCarthy Creek in 1900, the Kennecott town, mines, and Kennecott Mining Company were created and named after the adjacent glacier. Kennicott Glacier and River had previously been named after Robert Kennicott, a naturalist who explored in Alaska in the mid-1800s. The corporation and town stuck with a mistaken spelling of "Kennecott" with an e (instead of "Kennicott" with an i). Partly because alcoholic beverages and prostitution were forbidden in the company town of Kennecott, the neighboring town of McCarthy grew quickly to provide a bar, brothel, gymnasium, hospital, and school. The Copper River and Northwestern Railway reached McCarthy in 1911 to haul over 200 million dollars worth of ore 196 miles to the port of Cordova on Prince William Sound. By 1938, the worlds richest concentration of copper ore was mostly gone, the town was mostly abandoned, and railroad service ended. Not until the 1970s did the area began to draw young people for adventure and the big money of the Trans Alaska Pipeline project. Declaration of Wrangell-St. Elias National Park in 1980 drew adventurous tourists who helped revive McCarthy with demand for needed services. Wrangell-St. Elias National Park and Preserve (the largest National Park in the USA) is honored by UNESCO as a World Heritage Site.
    06AK_3043-McCarthy.jpg
  • An old green truck rusts in historic McCarthy. McCarthy and nearby Kennecott Mines National Historic Landmark are nestled under the glacier-clad Wrangell Mountains within Wrangell-St. Elias National Park and Preserve, Alaska, USA. Old mine buildings, artifacts, and colorful history attract summer visitors. Remote McCarthy is connected to Chitina via the McCarthy Road spur of the Edgerton Highway. At the east end of McCarthy Road, visitors must park their vehicle and walk across the footbridge to McCarthy. From McCarthy, a privately-operated shuttle takes visitors 5 miles to Kennecott. After copper was discovered between the Kennicott Glacier and McCarthy Creek in 1900, the Kennecott town, mines, and Kennecott Mining Company were created and named after the adjacent glacier. Kennicott Glacier and River had previously been named after Robert Kennicott, a naturalist who explored in Alaska in the mid-1800s. The corporation and town stuck with a mistaken spelling of "Kennecott" with an e (instead of "Kennicott" with an i). Partly because alcoholic beverages and prostitution were forbidden in the company town of Kennecott, the neighboring town of McCarthy grew quickly to provide a bar, brothel, gymnasium, hospital, and school. The Copper River and Northwestern Railway reached McCarthy in 1911 to haul over 200 million dollars worth of ore 196 miles to the port of Cordova on Prince William Sound. By 1938, the worlds richest concentration of copper ore was mostly gone, the town was mostly abandoned, and railroad service ended. Not until the 1970s did the area began to draw young people for adventure and the big money of the Trans Alaska Pipeline project. Declaration of Wrangell-St. Elias National Park in 1980 drew adventurous tourists who helped revive McCarthy with demand for needed services. Wrangell-St. Elias National Park and Preserve (the largest National Park in the USA) is honored by UNESCO as part of a UNESCO World Heritage Site.
    06AK_3032-McCarthy.jpg
  • Bonanza Ridge, which supplied one the worlds richest copper mines, rises in the Wrangell Mountains behind Kennecott Mines National Historic Landmark within Wrangell-St. Elias National Park and Preserve, Alaska, USA. Old mine buildings, artifacts, and colorful history attract summer visitors. From McCarthy, a privately-operated shuttle takes visitors 5 miles to Kennecott. Remote McCarthy is connected to Chitina via the McCarthy Road spur of the Edgerton Highway. At the east end of McCarthy Road, visitors must park their vehicle and walk across the footbridge to McCarthy. After copper was discovered on Bonanza Ridge between the Kennicott Glacier and McCarthy Creek in 1900, the Kennecott town, mines, and Kennecott Mining Company were created and named after the adjacent glacier. Kennicott Glacier and River had previously been named after Robert Kennicott, a naturalist who explored in Alaska in the mid-1800s. The corporation and town stuck with a mistaken spelling of "Kennecott" with an e (instead of "Kennicott" with an i). Partly because alcoholic beverages and prostitution were forbidden in the company town of Kennecott, the neighboring town of McCarthy grew quickly to provide a bar, brothel, gymnasium, hospital, and school. The Copper River and Northwestern Railway reached McCarthy in 1911 to haul over 200 million dollars worth of ore 196 miles to the port of Cordova on Prince William Sound. By 1938, the copper ore was mostly gone, the town was mostly abandoned, and railroad service ended. Not until the 1970s did the area began to draw young people for adventure and the big money of the Trans Alaska Pipeline project. Declaration of Wrangell-St. Elias National Park in 1980 drew adventurous tourists who helped revive McCarthy with demand for needed services. Wrangell-St. Elias National Park and Preserve (the largest National Park in the USA) is honored by UNESCO as part of an International Biosphere Reserve and UNESCO World Heritage Site.
    06AK_3025-Kennecott-Mines-NHL.jpg
  • Rusting corregated roof with tall chimney. Kennecott Mines National Historic Landmark and nearby McCarthy are nestled under the glacier-clad Wrangell Mountains within Wrangell-St. Elias National Park and Preserve, Alaska, USA. Old mine buildings, artifacts, and colorful history attract summer visitors. Remote McCarthy is connected to Chitina via the McCarthy Road spur of the Edgerton Highway. At the east end of McCarthy Road, visitors must park their vehicle and walk across the footbridge to McCarthy. From McCarthy, a privately-operated shuttle takes visitors 5 miles to Kennecott. After copper was discovered between the Kennicott Glacier and McCarthy Creek in 1900, the Kennecott town, mines, and Kennecott Mining Company were created and named after the adjacent glacier. Kennicott Glacier and River had previously been named after Robert Kennicott, a naturalist who explored in Alaska in the mid-1800s. The corporation and town stuck with a mistaken spelling of "Kennecott" with an e (instead of "Kennicott" with an i). Partly because alcoholic beverages and prostitution were forbidden in the company town of Kennecott, the neighboring town of McCarthy grew quickly to provide a bar, brothel, gymnasium, hospital, and school. The Copper River and Northwestern Railway reached McCarthy in 1911 to haul over 200 million dollars worth of ore 196 miles to the port of Cordova on Prince William Sound. By 1938, the worlds richest concentration of copper ore was mostly gone, the town was mostly abandoned, and railroad service ended. Not until the 1970s did the area began to draw young people for adventure and the big money of the Trans Alaska Pipeline project. Declaration of Wrangell-St. Elias National Park in 1980 drew adventurous tourists who helped revive McCarthy with demand for needed services. Wrangell-St. Elias National Park and Preserve (the largest National Park in the USA) is honored by UNESCO as part of an International Biosphere Reserve and UNESCO World Heritage Site.
    06AK_3015-Kennecott-Mines-NHL.jpg
  • A backhoe digger gouges a culvert ditch on the McCarthy Road in Wrangell-St. Elias National Park and Preserve, Alaska, USA.
    06AK_2232-McCarthy-Road-work.jpg
  • Kittiwake bird rookery, Prince William Sound, Chugach Mountains, Alaska, USA.  The Black-legged Kittiwake (Rissa tridactyla) is a seabird species in the gull family Laridae. Prince William Sound is surrounded by Chugach National Forest (the second largest national forest in the USA). Tour spectacular Prince William Sound by commercial boat from Whittier, which sits strategically on Kenai Peninsula at the head of Passage Canal. Whittier is a port for the Alaska Marine Highway System, a ferry service which operates along the south-central coast, eastern Aleutian Islands, and the Inside Passage of Alaska and British Columbia, Canada. Cruise ships stop at the port of Whittier for passenger connections to Anchorage (by road 60 miles) and to the interior of Alaska via highway and rail (the Denali Express). Known by locals as the Whittier tunnel or the Portage tunnel, the Anton Anderson Memorial Tunnel links Whittier via Portage Glacier Highway to the Seward Highway and Anchorage. At 13,300 feet long (4050 m), it is the longest combined rail and highway tunnel in North America. Whittier was severely damaged by tsunamis triggered by the 1964 Good Friday Earthquake, when thirteen people died from waves reaching 43 feet high (13 meters).
    06AK_2112-Kittiwake-rookery.jpg
  • The tidewater Cascade and Barry Glaciers pour from the steep and glaciated Chugach Mountains into Barry Arm of Prince William Sound, Alaska, USA. Prince William Sound is surrounded by Chugach National Forest (the second largest national forest in the USA). Tour spectacular Prince William Sound by commercial boat from Whittier, which sits strategically on Kenai Peninsula at the head of Passage Canal. Whittier is a port for the Alaska Marine Highway System, a ferry service which operates along the south-central coast, eastern Aleutian Islands, and the Inside Passage of Alaska and British Columbia, Canada. Cruise ships stop at the port of Whittier for passenger connections to Anchorage (by road 60 miles) and to the interior of Alaska via highway and rail (the Denali Express). Known by locals as the Whittier tunnel or the Portage tunnel, the Anton Anderson Memorial Tunnel links Whittier via Portage Glacier Highway to the Seward Highway and Anchorage. At 13,300 feet long (4050 m), it is the longest combined rail and highway tunnel in North America. Whittier was severely damaged by tsunamis triggered by the 1964 Good Friday Earthquake, when thirteen people died from waves reaching 43 feet high (13 meters).
    06AK_2089-Cascade-Barry-Glaciers-p1.jpg
  • A US flag flies from a boat touring glaciers hanging from the steep and glaciated Chugach Mountains along Harriman Fjord in Prince William Sound, Alaska, USA. Prince William Sound is surrounded by Chugach National Forest (the second largest national forest in the USA). Tour spectacular Prince William Sound by commercial boat from Whittier, which sits strategically on Kenai Peninsula at the head of Passage Canal. Whittier is a port for the Alaska Marine Highway System, a ferry service which operates along the south-central coast, eastern Aleutian Islands, and the Inside Passage of Alaska and British Columbia, Canada. Cruise ships stop at the port of Whittier for passenger connections to Anchorage (by road 60 miles) and to the interior of Alaska via highway and rail (the Denali Express). Known by locals as the Whittier tunnel or the Portage tunnel, the Anton Anderson Memorial Tunnel links Whittier via Portage Glacier Highway to the Seward Highway and Anchorage. At 13,300 feet long (4050 m), it is the longest combined rail and highway tunnel in North America. Whittier was severely damaged by tsunamis triggered by the 1964 Good Friday Earthquake, when thirteen people died from waves reaching 43 feet high (13 meters).
    06AK_2072-Harriman-Fjord_Barry-Arm.jpg
  • The tidewater Serpentine Glacier pours from the steep and glaciated Chugach Mountains into Harriman Fjord in Prince William Sound, Alaska, USA. Prince William Sound is surrounded by Chugach National Forest (the second largest national forest in the USA). Tour spectacular Prince William Sound by commercial boat from Whittier, which sits strategically on Kenai Peninsula at the head of Passage Canal. Whittier is a port for the Alaska Marine Highway System, a ferry service which operates along the south-central coast, eastern Aleutian Islands, and the Inside Passage of Alaska and British Columbia, Canada. Cruise ships stop at the port of Whittier for passenger connections to Anchorage (by road 60 miles) and to the interior of Alaska via highway and rail (the Denali Express). Known by locals as the Whittier tunnel or the Portage tunnel, the Anton Anderson Memorial Tunnel links Whittier via Portage Glacier Highway to the Seward Highway and Anchorage. At 13,300 feet long (4050 m), it is the longest combined rail and highway tunnel in North America. Whittier was severely damaged by tsunamis triggered by the 1964 Good Friday Earthquake, when thirteen people died from waves reaching 43 feet high (13 meters).
    06AK_2067_Serpentine-Glacier_Harrima...jpg
  • The tidewater Surprise Glacier pours from the steep and glaciated Chugach Mountains into Harriman Fjord in Prince William Sound, Alaska, USA. Prince William Sound is surrounded by Chugach National Forest (the second largest national forest in the USA). Tour spectacular Prince William Sound by commercial boat from Whittier, which sits strategically on Kenai Peninsula at the head of Passage Canal. Whittier is a port for the Alaska Marine Highway System, a ferry service which operates along the south-central coast, eastern Aleutian Islands, and the Inside Passage of Alaska and British Columbia, Canada. Cruise ships stop at the port of Whittier for passenger connections to Anchorage (by road 60 miles) and to the interior of Alaska via highway and rail (the Denali Express). Known by locals as the Whittier tunnel or the Portage tunnel, the Anton Anderson Memorial Tunnel links Whittier via Portage Glacier Highway to the Seward Highway and Anchorage. At 13,300 feet long (4050 m), it is the longest combined rail and highway tunnel in North America. Whittier was severely damaged by tsunamis triggered by the 1964 Good Friday Earthquake, when thirteen people died from waves reaching 43 feet high (13 meters).
    06AK_2037-Surprise-Glacier.jpg
  • The tidewater Surprise Glacier pours from the steep and glaciated Chugach Mountains into Harriman Fjord in Prince William Sound, Alaska, USA. Prince William Sound is surrounded by Chugach National Forest (the second largest national forest in the USA). Tour spectacular Prince William Sound by commercial boat from Whittier, which sits strategically on Kenai Peninsula at the head of Passage Canal. Whittier is a port for the Alaska Marine Highway System, a ferry service which operates along the south-central coast, eastern Aleutian Islands, and the Inside Passage of Alaska and British Columbia, Canada. Cruise ships stop at the port of Whittier for passenger connections to Anchorage (by road 60 miles) and to the interior of Alaska via highway and rail (the Denali Express). Known by locals as the Whittier tunnel or the Portage tunnel, the Anton Anderson Memorial Tunnel links Whittier via Portage Glacier Highway to the Seward Highway and Anchorage. At 13,300 feet long (4050 m), it is the longest combined rail and highway tunnel in North America. Whittier was severely damaged by tsunamis triggered by the 1964 Good Friday Earthquake, when thirteen people died from waves reaching 43 feet high (13 meters).
    06AK_2036-Surprise-Glacier.jpg
  • The tidewater Surprise Glacier pours from the steep and glaciated Chugach Mountains into Harriman Fjord in Prince William Sound, Alaska, USA. Prince William Sound is surrounded by Chugach National Forest (the second largest national forest in the USA). Tour spectacular Prince William Sound by commercial boat from Whittier, which sits strategically on Kenai Peninsula at the head of Passage Canal. Whittier is a port for the Alaska Marine Highway System, a ferry service which operates along the south-central coast, eastern Aleutian Islands, and the Inside Passage of Alaska and British Columbia, Canada. Cruise ships stop at the port of Whittier for passenger connections to Anchorage (by road 60 miles) and to the interior of Alaska via highway and rail (the Denali Express). Known by locals as the Whittier tunnel or the Portage tunnel, the Anton Anderson Memorial Tunnel links Whittier via Portage Glacier Highway to the Seward Highway and Anchorage. At 13,300 feet long (4050 m), it is the longest combined rail and highway tunnel in North America. Whittier was severely damaged by tsunamis triggered by the 1964 Good Friday Earthquake, when thirteen people died from waves reaching 43 feet high (13 meters).
    06AK_2034-Surprise-Glacier.jpg
  • The tidewater Cascade and Barry Glaciers pour from the steep and glaciated Chugach Mountains into Barry Arm of Prince William Sound, Alaska, USA. Prince William Sound is surrounded by Chugach National Forest (the second largest national forest in the USA). Tour spectacular Prince William Sound by commercial boat from Whittier, which sits strategically on Kenai Peninsula at the head of Passage Canal. Whittier is a port for the Alaska Marine Highway System, a ferry service which operates along the south-central coast, eastern Aleutian Islands, and the Inside Passage of Alaska and British Columbia, Canada. Cruise ships stop at the port of Whittier for passenger connections to Anchorage (by road 60 miles) and to the interior of Alaska via highway and rail (the Denali Express). Known by locals as the Whittier tunnel or the Portage tunnel, the Anton Anderson Memorial Tunnel links Whittier via Portage Glacier Highway to the Seward Highway and Anchorage. At 13,300 feet long (4050 m), it is the longest combined rail and highway tunnel in North America. Whittier was severely damaged by tsunamis triggered by the 1964 Good Friday Earthquake, when thirteen people died from waves reaching 43 feet high (13 meters). Panorama stitched from 2 overlapping photos.
    06AK_2011-12pan_Cascade-Barry-Glacie...jpg
  • Glaciers in the Chugach Mountains melt into Barry Arm of Prince William Sound, Alaska, USA. Prince William Sound is surrounded by Chugach National Forest (the second largest national forest in the USA). Tour spectacular Prince William Sound by commercial boat from Whittier, which sits strategically on Kenai Peninsula at the head of Passage Canal. Whittier is a port for the Alaska Marine Highway System, a ferry service which operates along the south-central coast, eastern Aleutian Islands, and the Inside Passage of Alaska and British Columbia, Canada. Cruise ships stop at the port of Whittier for passenger connections to Anchorage (by road 60 miles) and to the interior of Alaska via highway and rail (the Denali Express). Known by locals as the Whittier tunnel or the Portage tunnel, the Anton Anderson Memorial Tunnel links Whittier via Portage Glacier Highway to the Seward Highway and Anchorage. At 13,300 feet long (4050 m), it is the longest combined rail and highway tunnel in North America. Whittier was severely damaged by tsunamis triggered by the 1964 Good Friday Earthquake, when thirteen people died from waves reaching 43 feet high (13 meters).
    06AK_2009-Barry-Arm.jpg
  • A raft of sea otters (Enhydra lutris) floats in Prince William Sound, Alaska, USA. Prince William Sound is surrounded by Chugach National Forest (the second largest national forest in the USA). Tour spectacular Prince William Sound by commercial boat from Whittier, which sits strategically on Kenai Peninsula at the head of Passage Canal. Whittier is a port for the Alaska Marine Highway System, a ferry service which operates along the south-central coast, eastern Aleutian Islands, and the Inside Passage of Alaska and British Columbia, Canada. Cruise ships stop at the port of Whittier for passenger connections to Anchorage (by road 60 miles) and to the interior of Alaska via highway and rail (the Denali Express). Known by locals as the Whittier tunnel or the Portage tunnel, the Anton Anderson Memorial Tunnel links Whittier via Portage Glacier Highway to the Seward Highway and Anchorage. At 13,300 feet long (4050 m), it is the longest combined rail and highway tunnel in North America. Whittier was severely damaged by tsunamis triggered by the 1964 Good Friday Earthquake, when thirteen people died from waves reaching 43 feet high (13 meters).
    06AK_2000-Otters_Barry-Arm.jpg
  • Tidewater glaciers pour from the steep and glaciated Chugach Mountains into College Fjord, part of Prince William Sound, Alaska, USA. Prince William Sound is surrounded by Chugach National Forest (the second largest national forest in the USA). Tour spectacular Prince William Sound by commercial boat from Whittier, which sits strategically on Kenai Peninsula at the head of Passage Canal. Whittier is a port for the Alaska Marine Highway System, a ferry service which operates along the south-central coast, eastern Aleutian Islands, and the Inside Passage of Alaska and British Columbia, Canada. Cruise ships stop at the port of Whittier for passenger connections to Anchorage (by road 60 miles) and to the interior of Alaska via highway and rail (the Denali Express). Known by locals as the Whittier tunnel or the Portage tunnel, the Anton Anderson Memorial Tunnel links Whittier via Portage Glacier Highway to the Seward Highway and Anchorage. At 13,300 feet long (4050 m), it is the longest combined rail and highway tunnel in North America. Whittier was severely damaged by tsunamis triggered by the 1964 Good Friday Earthquake, when thirteen people died from waves reaching 43 feet high (13 meters). Panorama stitched from 7 overlapping photos.
    06AK_1258-64pan_College-Fjord_PWS.jpg
  • Tidewater glaciers pour from the steep and glaciated Chugach Mountains into College Fjord, part of Prince William Sound, Alaska, USA. Prince William Sound is surrounded by Chugach National Forest (the second largest national forest in the USA). Tour spectacular Prince William Sound by commercial boat from Whittier, which sits strategically on Kenai Peninsula at the head of Passage Canal. Whittier is a port for the Alaska Marine Highway System, a ferry service which operates along the south-central coast, eastern Aleutian Islands, and the Inside Passage of Alaska and British Columbia, Canada. Cruise ships stop at the port of Whittier for passenger connections to Anchorage (by road 60 miles) and to the interior of Alaska via highway and rail (the Denali Express). Known by locals as the Whittier tunnel or the Portage tunnel, the Anton Anderson Memorial Tunnel links Whittier via Portage Glacier Highway to the Seward Highway and Anchorage. At 13,300 feet long (4050 m), it is the longest combined rail and highway tunnel in North America. Whittier was severely damaged by tsunamis triggered by the 1964 Good Friday Earthquake, when thirteen people died from waves reaching 43 feet high (13 meters).
    06AK_1252-College-Fjord_PWS.jpg
  • Tidewater glaciers pour from the steep and glaciated Chugach Mountains into College Fjord, part of Prince William Sound, Alaska, USA. Prince William Sound is surrounded by Chugach National Forest (the second largest national forest in the USA). Tour spectacular Prince William Sound by commercial boat from Whittier, which sits strategically on Kenai Peninsula at the head of Passage Canal. Whittier is a port for the Alaska Marine Highway System, a ferry service which operates along the south-central coast, eastern Aleutian Islands, and the Inside Passage of Alaska and British Columbia, Canada. Cruise ships stop at the port of Whittier for passenger connections to Anchorage (by road 60 miles) and to the interior of Alaska via highway and rail (the Denali Express). Known by locals as the Whittier tunnel or the Portage tunnel, the Anton Anderson Memorial Tunnel links Whittier via Portage Glacier Highway to the Seward Highway and Anchorage. At 13,300 feet long (4050 m), it is the longest combined rail and highway tunnel in North America. Whittier was severely damaged by tsunamis triggered by the 1964 Good Friday Earthquake, when thirteen people died from waves reaching 43 feet high (13 meters). Panorama stitched from 6 overlapping photos.
    06AK_1241-46pan_College-Fjord_PWS.jpg
  • Tidewater glaciers pour from the steep and glaciated Chugach Mountains into College Fjord, part of Prince William Sound, Alaska, USA. Prince William Sound is surrounded by Chugach National Forest (the second largest national forest in the USA). Tour spectacular Prince William Sound by commercial boat from Whittier, which sits strategically on Kenai Peninsula at the head of Passage Canal. Whittier is a port for the Alaska Marine Highway System, a ferry service which operates along the south-central coast, eastern Aleutian Islands, and the Inside Passage of Alaska and British Columbia, Canada. Cruise ships stop at the port of Whittier for passenger connections to Anchorage (by road 60 miles) and to the interior of Alaska via highway and rail (the Denali Express). Known by locals as the Whittier tunnel or the Portage tunnel, the Anton Anderson Memorial Tunnel links Whittier via Portage Glacier Highway to the Seward Highway and Anchorage. At 13,300 feet long (4050 m), it is the longest combined rail and highway tunnel in North America. Whittier was severely damaged by tsunamis triggered by the 1964 Good Friday Earthquake, when thirteen people died from waves reaching 43 feet high (13 meters).
    06AK_1238-College-Fjord_PWS.jpg
  • Whittier sits strategically on Kenai Peninsula at the head of Passage Canal, on the west side of Prince William Sound, in Alaska, USA. Whittier is a port for the Alaska Marine Highway System, a ferry service which operates along the south-central coast, eastern Aleutian Islands, and the Inside Passage of Alaska and British Columbia, Canada. Cruise ships stop at the port of Whittier for passenger connections to Anchorage (by road 60 miles) and to the interior of Alaska via highway and rail (the Denali Express). Known by locals as the Whittier tunnel or the Portage tunnel, the Anton Anderson Memorial Tunnel links Whittier via Portage Glacier Highway to the Seward Highway and Anchorage. At 13,300 feet long (4050 m), it is the longest combined rail and highway tunnel in North America. Whittier was severely damaged by tsunamis triggered by the 1964 Good Friday Earthquake, when thirteen people died from waves reaching 43 feet high (13 meters).
    06AK_1208-Passage_Canal_PWS.jpg
  • Ride the Phillips Cruises 26 Glacier Cruise In One Day to College Fjord, Barry Arm, and Harriman Fjord from Whittier, Alaska, USA. Whittier sits strategically on Kenai Peninsula at the head of Passage Canal, on the west side of Prince William Sound, in Alaska, USA. Whittier is a port for the Alaska Marine Highway System, a ferry service which operates along the south-central coast, eastern Aleutian Islands, and the Inside Passage of Alaska and British Columbia, Canada. Cruise ships stop at the port of Whittier for passenger connections to Anchorage (by road 60 miles) and to the interior of Alaska via highway and rail (the Denali Express). Known by locals as the Whittier tunnel or the Portage tunnel, the Anton Anderson Memorial Tunnel links Whittier via Portage Glacier Highway to the Seward Highway and Anchorage. At 13,300 feet long (4050 m), it is the longest combined rail and highway tunnel in North America. Whittier was severely damaged by tsunamis triggered by the 1964 Good Friday Earthquake, when thirteen people died from waves reaching 43 feet high (13 meters).
    06AK_1199-Phillips-cruises-map.jpg
  • At sunset, lines of pink, magenta, orange, and yellow clouds form patterns against blue sky over Cook Inlet, Ninilchik, Alaska, USA. Trees make silhouettes. Ninilchik is on the west side of the Kenai Peninsula, 38 miles southwest of Kenai on Sterling Highway, 188 miles by road from Anchorage and 44 miles from Homer. Ninilchik hosts the annual Kenai Peninsula State Fair. The Alaska Native Claims Settlement Act recognized Ninilchik as an Alaska Native village.
    06AK_1162_sunset-Ninilchik.jpg
  • The Russian Orthodox Church in the town of Ninilchik was redesigned and constructed in 1901 in Alaska, USA. Notice that the Russian Orthodox Cross has two extra arms: the top arm represents the inscribed acronyms [ INRI in Latin,  in Greek, and a Hebrew version, meaning "Jesus the Nazarene, King of the Jews" ], and the angled bottom arm is his footrest. Russian Orthodox religion was born in Kiev in the "land of the Rus" in 988 AD as a branch of Eastern Orthodox Christianity. After Russian discovery of Alaska and the Aleutian Islands in 1741, Russian fur traders taught Christianity to Alaskan Natives. The first eight Russian Orthodox missionaries came to Kodiak Island, Alaska (Russian America) in 1794. The religion spread amongst Alaskans, and the monks mission was made a diocese of the Russian Orthodox Church a few years after the United States purchased Alaska from Russia in 1867. Ninilchik is on the Sterling Highway on the west side of the Kenai Peninsula on the coast of Cook Inlet, 186 miles by road from Anchorage and 38 miles from Homer. The Alaska Native Claims Settlement Act recognized Ninilchik as an Alaska Native village. Ninilchik hosts the annual Kenai Peninsula State Fair.
    06AK_1124_Russian-Orthodox-Church-Ni...jpg
  • The granite dome of Liberty Cap rises 1700 feet (520 m) from the base of Nevada Fall to 7076 feet (2157 m) elevation along on the John Muir Trail in Yosemite National Park, California, USA. To the left is the south side of Half Dome. Designated a World Heritage Site in 1984, Yosemite is internationally recognized for its spectacular granite cliffs, waterfalls, clear streams, Giant Sequoia groves, and biological diversity. 100 million years ago, the Sierra Nevada crystallized into granite from magma 5 miles underground. The range started uplifting 4 million years ago, and glaciers eroded the landscape seen today in Yosemite. Panorama stitched from 3 overlapping photos.
    1111CAL-555-557pan_Liberty-Cap_Nevad...jpg
  • The granite monolith of Half Dome (8836 feet or 2693 meters elevation) rises above Mirror Lake, Yosemite National Park, Sierra Nevada, California, USA. The peak rises 4737 ft (1444 m) above the valley floor. Designated a World Heritage Site by UNESCO in 1984, Yosemite is internationally recognized for its spectacular granite cliffs, waterfalls, clear streams, Giant Sequoia groves, and biological diversity. 100 million years ago, the Sierra Nevada crystallized into granite from magma 5 miles underground. The range started uplifting 4 million years ago, and glaciers eroded the landscape seen today in Yosemite. Panorama stitched from 6 overlapping photos.
    1111CAL-345_Half-Dome_Yosemite.jpg
  • A mountain goat rests at Hidden Lake by Bearhat Mountain in Glacier National Park, Montana, USA. The mountain goat (Oreamnos americanus, or Rocky Mountain Goat) is a large-hoofed mammal found only in North America. It is an even-toed ungulate in the family Bovidae, in subfamily Caprinae (goat-antelopes), in the Oreamnos genus, but is NOT a true "goat" (or Capra genus). Since 1932, Canada and USA have shared Waterton-Glacier International Peace Park, which UNESCO declared a World Heritage Site (1995) containing two Biosphere Reserves (1976). Rocks in the park are primarily sedimentary layers deposited in shallow seas over 1.6 billion to 800 million years ago. During the tectonic formation of the Rocky Mountains 170 million years ago, the Lewis Overthrust displaced these old rocks over newer Cretaceous age rocks. Glaciers carved spectacular U-shaped valleys and pyramidal peaks as recently as the Last Glacial Maximum (the last "Ice Age" 25,000 to 13,000 years ago). Of the 150 glaciers existing in the mid 1800s, only 25 active glaciers remain in the park as of 2010, and all may disappear as soon as 2020, say climate scientists.
    02GLA-06-26_Mountain-goat_Hidden-Lak...jpg
  • A mountain goat surveys Hidden Lake in Glacier National Park, Montana, USA. The mountain goat (Oreamnos americanus, or Rocky Mountain Goat) is a large-hoofed mammal found only in North America. It is an even-toed ungulate in the family Bovidae, in subfamily Caprinae (goat-antelopes), in the Oreamnos genus, but is NOT a true "goat" (or Capra genus). Since 1932, Canada and USA have shared Waterton-Glacier International Peace Park, which UNESCO declared a World Heritage Site (1995) containing two Biosphere Reserves (1976). Rocks in the park are primarily sedimentary layers deposited in shallow seas over 1.6 billion to 800 million years ago. During the tectonic formation of the Rocky Mountains 170 million years ago, the Lewis Overthrust displaced these old rocks over newer Cretaceous age rocks.
    02GLA-05-03_Mountain-goat_Hidden-Lak...jpg
  • Rising Wolf Mountain (9513 feet/2899 meters) and Sinopah Mountain (left) reflect in Pray Lake, in Glacier National Park, Montana, USA. Since 1932, Canada and USA have shared Waterton-Glacier International Peace Park, which UNESCO declared a World Heritage Site (1995) containing two Biosphere Reserves (1976). Rocks in the park are primarily sedimentary layers deposited in shallow seas over 1.6 billion to 800 million years ago. During the tectonic formation of the Rocky Mountains 170 million years ago, the Lewis Overthrust displaced these old rocks over newer Cretaceous age rocks. Glaciers carved spectacular U-shaped valleys and pyramidal peaks as recently as the Last Glacial Maximum (the last "Ice Age" 25,000 to 13,000 years ago). Of the 150 glaciers existing in the mid 1800s, only 25 active glaciers remain in the park as of 2010, and all may disappear by 2020, say climate scientists. (Panorama stitched from 4 overlapping images.)
    10GLA-2462-65pan_Pray-Lake.jpg
  • Two Medicine Lake, boat launch, Sinopah Mountain (8271 feet or 2521 meters), Glacier National Park, Montana, USA. (Panorama stitched from 4 overlapping images.)
    10GLA-2231-34pan.jpg
  • Hike the Garden Wall Trail from Logan Pass through fields of flowers in Glacier National Park, Montana, USA. Since 1932, Canada and USA have shared Waterton-Glacier International Peace Park, which UNESCO declared a World Heritage Site (1995) containing two Biosphere Reserves (1976). Rocks in the park are primarily sedimentary layers deposited in shallow seas over 1.6 billion to 800 million years ago. During the tectonic formation of the Rocky Mountains 170 million years ago, the Lewis Overthrust displaced these old rocks over newer Cretaceous age rocks. Glaciers carved spectacular U-shaped valleys and pyramidal peaks as recently as the Last Glacial Maximum (the last "Ice Age" 25,000 to 13,000 years ago). Of the 150 glaciers existing in the mid 1800s, only 25 active glaciers remain in the park as of 2010, and all may disappear by 2020, say climate scientists.
    10GLA-2056-59pan.jpg
  • A hiker crosses a swing bridge over Paradise Creek, on the trail to Cobalt Lake, in Glacier National Park, Montana, USA. Since 1932, Canada and USA have shared Waterton-Glacier International Peace Park, which UNESCO declared a World Heritage Site (1995) containing two Biosphere Reserves (1976). Rocks in the park are primarily sedimentary layers deposited in shallow seas over 1.6 billion to 800 million years ago. During the tectonic formation of the Rocky Mountains 170 million years ago, the Lewis Overthrust displaced these old rocks over newer Cretaceous age rocks. Glaciers carved spectacular U-shaped valleys and pyramidal peaks as recently as the Last Glacial Maximum (the last "Ice Age" 25,000 to 13,000 years ago). Of the 150 glaciers existing in the mid 1800s, only 25 active glaciers remain in the park as of 2010, and all may disappear by 2020, say climate scientists.
    07GLA-1451.jpg
  • Orange and green leaf pattern in Glacier National Park, Montana, USA. Since 1932, Canada and USA have shared Waterton-Glacier International Peace Park, which UNESCO declared a World Heritage Site (1995) containing two Biosphere Reserves (1976).
    07GLA-1439.jpg
  • Orange rock and yellow lichen form a pattern in Glacier National Park, Montana, USA. Since 1932, Canada and USA have shared Waterton-Glacier International Peace Park, which UNESCO declared a World Heritage Site (1995) containing two Biosphere Reserves (1976). Rocks in the park are primarily sedimentary layers deposited in shallow seas over 1.6 billion to 800 million years ago. During the tectonic formation of the Rocky Mountains 170 million years ago, the Lewis Overthrust displaced these old rocks over newer Cretaceous age rocks.
    07GLA-1430.jpg
  • Orange hairy caterpillar in Montana, in Glacier National Park, Montana, USA. Since 1932, Canada and USA have shared Waterton-Glacier International Peace Park, which UNESCO declared a World Heritage Site (1995) containing two Biosphere Reserves (1976). Rocks in the park are primarily sedimentary layers deposited in shallow seas over 1.6 billion to 800 million years ago. During the tectonic formation of the Rocky Mountains 170 million years ago, the Lewis Overthrust displaced these old rocks over newer Cretaceous age rocks. Glaciers carved spectacular U-shaped valleys and pyramidal peaks as recently as the Last Glacial Maximum (the last "Ice Age" 25,000 to 13,000 years ago). Of the 150 glaciers existing in the mid 1800s, only 25 active glaciers remain in the park as of 2010, and all may disappear by 2020, say climate scientists.
    07GLA-1228.jpg
  • Hike through forest beneath pyramidal peaks on the trail to Ptarmigan Lake, in Glacier National Park, Montana, USA. (A side trail departs at Ptarmigan Falls to visit Iceberg Lake, which can be a separate day hike, or long extension.) Since 1932, Canada and USA have shared Waterton-Glacier International Peace Park, which UNESCO declared a World Heritage Site (1995) containing two Biosphere Reserves (1976). Rocks in the park are primarily sedimentary layers deposited in shallow seas over 1.6 billion to 800 million years ago. During the tectonic formation of the Rocky Mountains 170 million years ago, the Lewis Overthrust displaced these old rocks over newer Cretaceous age rocks. Glaciers carved spectacular U-shaped valleys and pyramidal peaks as recently as the Last Glacial Maximum (the last "Ice Age" 25,000 to 13,000 years ago). Of the 150 glaciers existing in the mid 1800s, only 25 active glaciers remain in the park as of 2010, and all may disappear by 2020, say climate scientists.
    07GLA-0717.jpg
  • See Elizabeth Lake and Belly River Valley from Ptarmigan Tunnel in Glacier National Park, Montana, USA. In 1930, the Ptarmigan Tunnel was dug 183 feet through the Ptarmigan Wall for hikers from Many Glacier to reach the Belly River Valley. Since 1932, Canada and USA have shared Waterton-Glacier International Peace Park, which UNESCO declared a World Heritage Site (1995) containing two Biosphere Reserves (1976). Rocks in the park are primarily sedimentary layers deposited in shallow seas over 1.6 billion to 800 million years ago. During the tectonic formation of the Rocky Mountains 170 million years ago, the Lewis Overthrust displaced these old rocks over newer Cretaceous age rocks. Glaciers carved spectacular U-shaped valleys and pyramidal peaks as recently as the Last Glacial Maximum (the last "Ice Age" 25,000 to 13,000 years ago). Of the 150 glaciers existing in the mid 1800s, only 25 active glaciers remain in the park as of 2010, and all may disappear by 2020, say climate scientists. (Panorama stitched from 2 overlapping images.)
    07GLA-0690-691pan_Belly-River-Valley...jpg
  • Sunrise light hits Going-to-the-Sun Mountain and Little Chief Mountain in the Lewis Range above Saint Mary Lake (4484 feet / 1367 meters elevation) in Glacier National Park, Montana, USA. The Going-to-the-Sun Road runs along the north shore. Here the great plains end and the Rocky Mountains abruptly rise 5000 feet above the lake. Since 1932, Canada and USA have shared Waterton-Glacier International Peace Park, which UNESCO declared a World Heritage Site (1995) containing two Biosphere Reserves (1976). Rocks in the park are primarily sedimentary layers deposited in shallow seas over 1.6 billion to 800 million years ago. During the tectonic formation of the Rocky Mountains 170 million years ago, the Lewis Overthrust displaced these old rocks over newer Cretaceous age rocks. Glaciers carved spectacular U-shaped valleys and pyramidal peaks as recently as the Last Glacial Maximum (the last "Ice Age" 25,000 to 13,000 years ago). Of the 150 glaciers existing in the mid 1800s, only 25 active glaciers remain in the park as of 2010, and all may disappear by 2020, say climate scientists. (Panorama stitched from 2 overlapping images.)
    07GLA-0597-598pan_Saint-Mary-Lake.jpg
  • From Piegan Pass, hikers descend Cataract Creek Valley beneath the pinnacle of Mount Gould in the Lewis Range, in Glacier National Park, Montana, USA. A scenic walking traverse starts from Siyeh Bend over Piegan Pass to Many Glacier, visiting glorious mountains, valleys and lakes over 13 miles (2260 feet up, 3520 feet down). Since 1932, Canada and USA have shared Waterton-Glacier International Peace Park, which UNESCO declared a World Heritage Site (1995) containing two Biosphere Reserves (1976). Rocks in the park are primarily sedimentary layers deposited in shallow seas over 1.6 billion to 800 million years ago. During the tectonic formation of the Rocky Mountains 170 million years ago, the Lewis Overthrust displaced these old rocks over newer Cretaceous age rocks. Glaciers carved spectacular U-shaped valleys and pyramidal peaks as recently as the Last Glacial Maximum (the last "Ice Age" 25,000 to 13,000 years ago). Of the 150 glaciers existing in the mid 1800s, only 25 active glaciers remain in the park as of 2010, and all may disappear by 2020, say climate scientists.
    07GLA-0469.jpg
  • The peaks of the Livingston Range rise above Lake McDonald at sunrise in Glacier National Park, Montana, USA. Waves caress red shoreline rocks. Since 1932, Canada and USA have shared Waterton-Glacier International Peace Park, which UNESCO declared a World Heritage Site (1995) containing two Biosphere Reserves (1976). Rocks in the park are primarily sedimentary layers deposited in shallow seas over 1.6 billion to 800 million years ago. During the tectonic formation of the Rocky Mountains 170 million years ago, the Lewis Overthrust displaced these old rocks over newer Cretaceous age rocks. Glaciers carved spectacular U-shaped valleys and pyramidal peaks as recently as the Last Glacial Maximum (the last "Ice Age" 25,000 to 13,000 years ago). Of the 150 glaciers existing in the mid 1800s, only 25 active glaciers remain in the park as of 2010, and all may disappear by 2020, say climate scientists.
    07GLA-0242_Lake-McDonald.jpg
  • The Going-to-the-Sun Road climbs the Garden Wall in Glacier National Park, Montana, USA. Since 1932, Canada and USA have shared Waterton-Glacier International Peace Park, which UNESCO declared a World Heritage Site (1995) containing two Biosphere Reserves (1976). Rocks in the park are primarily sedimentary layers deposited in shallow seas over 1.6 billion to 800 million years ago. During the tectonic formation of the Rocky Mountains 170 million years ago, the Lewis Overthrust displaced these old rocks over newer Cretaceous age rocks. Glaciers carved spectacular U-shaped valleys and pyramidal peaks as recently as the Last Glacial Maximum (the last "Ice Age" 25,000 to 13,000 years ago). Of the 150 glaciers existing in the mid 1800s, only 25 active glaciers remain in the park as of 2010, and all may disappear by 2020, say climate scientists.
    07GLA-0229.jpg
  • Billion-year-old sedimentary rock erodes into blue patterns in Glacier National Park, Montana, USA. Rocks in the park are primarily sedimentary layers deposited in shallow seas over 1.6 billion to 800 million years ago. During the tectonic formation of the Rocky Mountains 170 million years ago, the Lewis Overthrust displaced these old rocks over newer Cretaceous age rocks. Since 1932, Canada and USA have shared Waterton-Glacier International Peace Park, which UNESCO declared a World Heritage Site (1995) containing two Biosphere Reserves (1976).
    07GLA-0190.jpg
  • Billion-year-old sedimentary rock erodes into orange patterns in Glacier National Park, Montana, USA. Rocks in the park are primarily sedimentary layers deposited in shallow seas over 1.6 billion to 800 million years ago. During the tectonic formation of the Rocky Mountains 170 million years ago, the Lewis Overthrust displaced these old rocks over newer Cretaceous age rocks. Since 1932, Canada and USA have shared Waterton-Glacier International Peace Park, which UNESCO declared a World Heritage Site (1995) containing two Biosphere Reserves (1976).
    07GLA-0169.jpg
  • Billion-year-old sedimentary rock erodes into orange patterns in Glacier National Park, Montana, USA. Rocks in the park are primarily sedimentary layers deposited in shallow seas over 1.6 billion to 800 million years ago. During the tectonic formation of the Rocky Mountains 170 million years ago, the Lewis Overthrust displaced these old rocks over newer Cretaceous age rocks. Since 1932, Canada and USA have shared Waterton-Glacier International Peace Park, which UNESCO declared a World Heritage Site (1995) containing two Biosphere Reserves (1976).
    07GLA-0168.jpg
  • Billion-year-old rock breaks into blue, orange, and purple patterns in Glacier National Park, Montana, USA. Rocks in the park are primarily sedimentary layers deposited in shallow seas over 1.6 billion to 800 million years ago. During the tectonic formation of the Rocky Mountains 170 million years ago, the Lewis Overthrust displaced these old rocks over newer Cretaceous age rocks. Since 1932, Canada and USA have shared Waterton-Glacier International Peace Park, which UNESCO declared a World Heritage Site (1995) containing two Biosphere Reserves (1976).
    07GLA-0163.jpg
  • Billion-year-old rock breaks into blue, orange, and red patterns in Glacier National Park, Montana, USA. Rocks in the park are primarily sedimentary layers deposited in shallow seas over 1.6 billion to 800 million years ago. During the tectonic formation of the Rocky Mountains 170 million years ago, the Lewis Overthrust displaced these old rocks over newer Cretaceous age rocks. Since 1932, Canada and USA have shared Waterton-Glacier International Peace Park, which UNESCO declared a World Heritage Site (1995) containing two Biosphere Reserves (1976).
    07GLA-0127.jpg
  • Billion-year-old rock breaks into blue, orange, and red patterns in Glacier National Park, Montana, USA. Rocks in the park are primarily sedimentary layers deposited in shallow seas over 1.6 billion to 800 million years ago. During the tectonic formation of the Rocky Mountains 170 million years ago, the Lewis Overthrust displaced these old rocks over newer Cretaceous age rocks. Since 1932, Canada and USA have shared Waterton-Glacier International Peace Park, which UNESCO declared a World Heritage Site (1995) containing two Biosphere Reserves (1976).
    07GLA-0123.jpg
  • Billion-year-old sedimentary rock erodes into yellow and purple patterns in Glacier National Park, Montana, USA. Rocks in the park are primarily sedimentary layers deposited in shallow seas over 1.6 billion to 800 million years ago. During the tectonic formation of the Rocky Mountains 170 million years ago, the Lewis Overthrust displaced these old rocks over newer Cretaceous age rocks. Since 1932, Canada and USA have shared Waterton-Glacier International Peace Park, which UNESCO declared a World Heritage Site (1995) containing two Biosphere Reserves (1976).
    07GLA-0102.jpg
  • Billion-year-old sedimentary rock erodes into yellow and purple patterns in Glacier National Park, Montana, USA. Rocks in the park are primarily sedimentary layers deposited in shallow seas over 1.6 billion to 800 million years ago. During the tectonic formation of the Rocky Mountains 170 million years ago, the Lewis Overthrust displaced these old rocks over newer Cretaceous age rocks. Since 1932, Canada and USA have shared Waterton-Glacier International Peace Park, which UNESCO declared a World Heritage Site (1995) containing two Biosphere Reserves (1976).
    07GLA-0098.jpg
  • Billion-year-old rock breaks into blue, orange, and purple patterns in Glacier National Park, Montana, USA. Rocks in the park are primarily sedimentary layers deposited in shallow seas over 1.6 billion to 800 million years ago. During the tectonic formation of the Rocky Mountains 170 million years ago, the Lewis Overthrust displaced these old rocks over newer Cretaceous age rocks. Since 1932, Canada and USA have shared Waterton-Glacier International Peace Park, which UNESCO declared a World Heritage Site (1995) containing two Biosphere Reserves (1976).
    07GLA-0097.jpg
  • Billion-year-old rock breaks into blue, orange, and red patterns in Glacier National Park, Montana, USA. Rocks in the park are primarily sedimentary layers deposited in shallow seas over 1.6 billion to 800 million years ago. During the tectonic formation of the Rocky Mountains 170 million years ago, the Lewis Overthrust displaced these old rocks over newer Cretaceous age rocks. Since 1932, Canada and USA have shared Waterton-Glacier International Peace Park, which UNESCO declared a World Heritage Site (1995) containing two Biosphere Reserves (1976).
    07GLA-0080.jpg
  • Billion-year-old rock breaks into blue, orange, and purple patterns in Glacier National Park, Montana, USA. Rocks in the park are primarily sedimentary layers deposited in shallow seas over 1.6 billion to 800 million years ago. During the tectonic formation of the Rocky Mountains 170 million years ago, the Lewis Overthrust displaced these old rocks over newer Cretaceous age rocks. Since 1932, Canada and USA have shared Waterton-Glacier International Peace Park, which UNESCO declared a World Heritage Site (1995) containing two Biosphere Reserves (1976).
    07GLA-0071.jpg
  • Snow dusts evergreen trees near Hidden Lake, beneath Bearhat Mountain, a hike from Logan Pass, in Glacier National Park, Montana, USA. Since 1932, Canada and USA have shared Waterton-Glacier International Peace Park, which UNESCO declared a World Heritage Site (1995) containing two Biosphere Reserves (1976). Rocks in the park are primarily sedimentary layers deposited in shallow seas over 1.6 billion to 800 million years ago. During the tectonic formation of the Rocky Mountains 170 million years ago, the Lewis Overthrust displaced these old rocks over newer Cretaceous age rocks. Glaciers carved spectacular U-shaped valleys and pyramidal peaks as recently as the Last Glacial Maximum (the last "Ice Age" 25,000 to 13,000 years ago). Of the 150 glaciers existing in the mid 1800s, only 25 active glaciers remain in the park as of 2010, and all may disappear by 2020, say climate scientists.
    07GLA-0058.jpg
  • Newspaper Rock State Historic Monument, Utah, USA. The Wingate sandstone cliffs that enclose the upper end of Indian Creek Canyon are covered by hundreds of ancient Indian petroglyphs (rock carvings), one of the largest, best preserved and accessible groups in the Southwest USA. The petroglyphs have a mixture of human (feet, figures), animal (deer, pronghorn, horse), material and abstract forms of uncertain meaning. Starting about 2000 years ago, humans have chipped away the dark natural desert varnish to reveal lighter colored sandstone beneath.
    06UT_3084-Newspaper_Rock.jpg
  • Sandstone pinnacles catch sunset light in Arches National Park, Utah, USA.
    06UT_2269_Arches-NP-Utah.jpg
  • From Orange Cliffs Overlook in Canyonlands National Park (Utah, USA), view the Green River in Stillwater Canyon, with the snowy Henry Mountains in the distance. (Panorama stitched from 2 photos.)
    06UT_2203-2204pan_Orange-Cliffs-Over...jpg
  • Lower Antelope Canyon (or "the Corkscrew") is a beautiful slot canyon in Antelope Canyon Navajo Tribal Park, near Page, Arizona, USA. Antelope Canyon is the most-visited and most-photographed slot canyon in the American Southwest. Flash floods and other erosion have carved Navajo Sandstone into this natural rock cathedral.
    11AZ1-2236-37pan_Lower-Antelope-Cany...jpg
  • Flash floods have eroded a slot of Navajo sandstone into a natural cathedral at Lower Antelope Canyon, in Antelope Canyon Navajo Tribal Park, near Page, Arizona, USA. (The older spelling "Navaho" is no longer used by the Navajo, an American Indian group who call themselves Diné, or Dineh, "The People.")
    06AZ_4183-Lower_Antelope_Canyon.jpg
  • Flash floods have eroded a slot of Navajo sandstone into a natural cathedral at Lower Antelope Canyon, in Antelope Canyon Navajo Tribal Park, near Page, Arizona, USA. (The older spelling "Navaho" is no longer used by the Navajo, an American Indian group who call themselves Diné, or Dineh, "The People.")
    06AZ_4143-Lower_Antelope_Canyon.jpg
  • Colorful cliffs of rhyolite (solidified volcanic ash layers) rise 2000 feet above white sycamore trees in Cave Creek Canyon, in Coronado National Forest, near Portal, Arizona, USA. .This area of sparkling creeks attracts 12 species of hummingbirds and is one of the top destinations for bird enthusiasts in the USA.
    03AZ-15-18-Cave-Creek-Canyon.jpg
  • Thorpe Ford Covered Bridge (163 feet long) was built in Burr Arch style over Big Raccoon Creek in 1912 by J.A. Britton on Catlin Road in Parke County, Indiana, USA. Red and white paint protects the wood. The traditional "Cross this bridge at a walk" sign required slow vehicle speed, but traffic is now diverted to an adjacent modern bridge. Puffy white clouds decorate the blue sky.
    10IND-099.jpg
  • McAllister Covered Bridge (126 feet long), built in 1914 by J.A. Britton over Little Raccoon Creek, on County Road 400S, Parke County, Indiana, USA. Red and white paint protects the wood. The "Cross this bridge at a walk" sign requires slow vehicle speed.
    10IND-022.jpg
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