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  • Scottish Parliament Building was opened 2004 in the Holyrood area of the capital city of Scotland, Edinburgh, in the United Kingdom, Europe. The abstract modernist structure was designed by Catalan architect Enric Miralles (1955–2000). Scottish Parliament had previously dropped out of existence from 1707 through 1999. The original Parliament of Scotland was the national legislature of the independent Kingdom of Scotland, existing from the early 1200s until the Kingdom of Scotland merged with the Kingdom of England under the Acts of Union 1707 to form the Kingdom of Great Britain. Scottish Parliament disappeared with the creation of the Parliament of Great Britain at Westminster in London. Following a Scottish referendum in 1997, the current Parliament was convened by the Scotland Act 1998, which sets out its powers as a devolved legislature, which first met in 1999. The Scottish Parliament has the power to legislate in all areas that are not explicitly reserved to Westminster.
    17SC1-4456_Scotland.jpg
  • The National Monument of Scotland, on Calton Hill in Edinburgh, is Scotland's national memorial to the Scottish soldiers and sailors who died fighting in the Napoleonic Wars. Modelled upon the Parthenon in Athens, it was designed in 1823-6 by Charles Robert Cockerell and William Henry Playfair. Construction started in 1826 but due to the lack of funds it was left unfinished in 1829, giving rise to nicknames such as "Scotland's Disgrace," and "Edinburgh's Folly." Edinburgh is the capital city of Scotland, in Lothian on the Firth of Forth, Scotland, United Kingdom, Europe.
    17SC1-4475_Scotland.jpg
  • In a large painting in St Giles' Cathedral, a Scottish unicorn paired with an English lion defines the coat of arms of James VI, as the first king of Great Britain and Ireland. What's with the unicorn? Unicorns were first depicted in 2600 BC in ancient seals of the Indus Valley Civilization and were mentioned by the ancient Greeks. In Celtic mythology the unicorn symbolized purity, innocence, masculinity and power. The proud, haughty unicorn was chosen as Scotland's national animal because it would rather die than be captured, just as Scots would fight to remain sovereign and unconquered. The unicorn was first used on the Scottish royal coat of arms by William I in the 1100s, and two unicorns supported the shield until 1603. When James VI became James I of England and Ireland in 1603, he replaced one unicorn with the national animal of England, the lion, to demonstrate unity. Believed to be the strongest of all animals, wild and untamed, the mythical unicorn could only be humbled by a virgin maiden. However, Scotland's unicorn in the coat of arms is always bounded by a golden chain, often shown around its neck and body, symbolizing the power of the Scottish kings, strong enough to tame a unicorn. Today, the version of the royal coat of arms used in Scotland emphasizes Scottish elements, placing the unicorn on the left and giving it a crown, whereas the version used in England and elsewhere places the unicorn on the right and gives English elements more prominence. The Scottish version uses the motto "Nemo me impune lacessit," meaning "No one wounds (touches) me with impunity." The English version says "Dieu et mon droit," meaning "God and my right," the motto of the Monarch of the United Kingdom. St Giles' Cathedral (High Kirk of Edinburgh) is the principal place of worship of the Church of Scotland in Edinburgh.
    17SC1-4401_Scotland.jpg
  • In the Royal Palace of Edinburgh Castle, the King's Birth Chamber is where the first king of Scotland, England, and Ireland was born, James VI. In 1617 the room was painted to commemorate his birth. James VI and I (James Charles Stuart 1566–1625) was King of Scotland as James VI from 24 July 1567 and King of England and Ireland as James I from the union of the Scottish and English crowns on 24 March 1603 until his death in 1625. The kingdoms of Scotland and England were individual sovereign states, with their own parliaments, judiciary, and laws, though both were ruled by James in personal union. James was the son of Mary, Queen of Scots, and a great-great-grandson of Henry VII, King of England and Lord of Ireland, positioning him to eventually accede to all three thrones. James succeeded to the Scottish throne at the age of thirteen months, after his mother Mary was compelled to abdicate in his favor. In Celtic mythology the unicorn symbolized purity, innocence, masculinity and power. The proud, haughty unicorn was chosen as Scotland's national animal because it would rather die than be captured, just as Scots would fight to remain sovereign and unconquered. The unicorn was first used on the Scottish royal coat of arms by William I in the 1100s. Two unicorns supported the shield until 1603, when James VI replaced one unicorn with the national animal of England, the lion, to demonstrate unity. Scotland's unicorn in the coat of arms is always bounded by a golden chain, symbolizing the power of the Scottish kings, strong enough to tame a unicorn. The Scottish motto "Nemo me impune lacessit," means "No one wounds (touches) me with impunity." Edinburgh is the capital city of Scotland, in the United Kingdom, Europe.
    17SC1-4254_Scotland.jpg
  • Scottish Parliament Building was opened 2004 in the Holyrood area of the capital city of Scotland, Edinburgh, in the United Kingdom, Europe. The abstract modernist structure was designed by Catalan architect Enric Miralles (1955–2000). Scottish Parliament had previously dropped out of existence from 1707 through 1999. The original Parliament of Scotland was the national legislature of the independent Kingdom of Scotland, existing from the early 1200s until the Kingdom of Scotland merged with the Kingdom of England under the Acts of Union 1707 to form the Kingdom of Great Britain. Scottish Parliament disappeared with the creation of the Parliament of Great Britain at Westminster in London. Following a Scottish referendum in 1997, the current Parliament was convened by the Scotland Act 1998, which sets out its powers as a devolved legislature, which first met in 1999. The Scottish Parliament has the power to legislate in all areas that are not explicitly reserved to Westminster.
    17SC1-4453_Scotland.jpg
  • Scottish Parliament Building was opened 2004 in the Holyrood area of the capital city of Scotland, Edinburgh, in the United Kingdom, Europe. The abstract modernist structure was designed by Catalan architect Enric Miralles (1955–2000). Scottish Parliament had previously dropped out of existence from 1707 through 1999. The original Parliament of Scotland was the national legislature of the independent Kingdom of Scotland, existing from the early 1200s until the Kingdom of Scotland merged with the Kingdom of England under the Acts of Union 1707 to form the Kingdom of Great Britain. Scottish Parliament disappeared with the creation of the Parliament of Great Britain at Westminster in London. Following a Scottish referendum in 1997, the current Parliament was convened by the Scotland Act 1998, which sets out its powers as a devolved legislature, which first met in 1999. The Scottish Parliament has the power to legislate in all areas that are not explicitly reserved to Westminster.
    17SC1-4445_Scotland.jpg
  • In a large painting in St Giles' Cathedral, a Scottish unicorn paired with an English lion defines the coat of arms of James VI, as the first king of Great Britain and Ireland. What's with the unicorn? Unicorns were first depicted in 2600 BC in ancient seals of the Indus Valley Civilization and were mentioned by the ancient Greeks. In Celtic mythology the unicorn symbolized purity, innocence, masculinity and power. The proud, haughty unicorn was chosen as Scotland's national animal because it would rather die than be captured, just as Scots would fight to remain sovereign and unconquered. The unicorn was first used on the Scottish royal coat of arms by William I in the 1100s, and two unicorns supported the shield until 1603. When James VI became James I of England and Ireland in 1603, he replaced one unicorn with the national animal of England, the lion, to demonstrate unity. Believed to be the strongest of all animals, wild and untamed, the mythical unicorn could only be humbled by a virgin maiden. However, Scotland's unicorn in the coat of arms is always bounded by a golden chain, often shown around its neck and body, symbolizing the power of the Scottish kings, strong enough to tame a unicorn. Today, the version of the royal coat of arms used in Scotland emphasizes Scottish elements, placing the unicorn on the left and giving it a crown, whereas the version used in England and elsewhere places the unicorn on the right and gives English elements more prominence. The Scottish version uses the motto "Nemo me impune lacessit," meaning "No one wounds (touches) me with impunity." The English version says "Dieu et mon droit," meaning "God and my right," the motto of the Monarch of the United Kingdom. St Giles' Cathedral (High Kirk of Edinburgh) is the principal place of worship of the Church of Scotland in Edinburgh.
    17SC1-4400_Scotland.jpg
  • In a large painting in St Giles' Cathedral, a Scottish unicorn paired with an English lion defines the coat of arms of James VI, as the first king of Great Britain and Ireland. What's with the unicorn? Unicorns were first depicted in 2600 BC in ancient seals of the Indus Valley Civilization and were mentioned by the ancient Greeks. In Celtic mythology the unicorn symbolized purity, innocence, masculinity and power. The proud, haughty unicorn was chosen as Scotland's national animal because it would rather die than be captured, just as Scots would fight to remain sovereign and unconquered. The unicorn was first used on the Scottish royal coat of arms by William I in the 1100s, and two unicorns supported the shield until 1603. When James VI became James I of England and Ireland in 1603, he replaced one unicorn with the national animal of England, the lion, to demonstrate unity. Believed to be the strongest of all animals, wild and untamed, the mythical unicorn could only be humbled by a virgin maiden. However, Scotland's unicorn in the coat of arms is always bounded by a golden chain, often shown around its neck and body, symbolizing the power of the Scottish kings, strong enough to tame a unicorn. Today, the version of the royal coat of arms used in Scotland emphasizes Scottish elements, placing the unicorn on the left and giving it a crown, whereas the version used in England and elsewhere places the unicorn on the right and gives English elements more prominence. The Scottish version uses the motto "Nemo me impune lacessit," meaning "No one wounds (touches) me with impunity." The English version says "Dieu et mon droit," meaning "God and my right," the motto of the Monarch of the United Kingdom. St Giles' Cathedral (High Kirk of Edinburgh) is the principal place of worship of the Church of Scotland in Edinburgh.
    17SC1-4398_Scotland.jpg
  • In the Royal Palace of Edinburgh Castle, the King's Birth Chamber is where the first king of Scotland, England, and Ireland was born, James VI. In 1617 the room was painted to commemorate his birth. James VI and I (James Charles Stuart 1566–1625) was King of Scotland as James VI from 24 July 1567 and King of England and Ireland as James I from the union of the Scottish and English crowns on 24 March 1603 until his death in 1625. The kingdoms of Scotland and England were individual sovereign states, with their own parliaments, judiciary, and laws, though both were ruled by James in personal union. James was the son of Mary, Queen of Scots, and a great-great-grandson of Henry VII, King of England and Lord of Ireland, positioning him to eventually accede to all three thrones. James succeeded to the Scottish throne at the age of thirteen months, after his mother Mary was compelled to abdicate in his favor. In Celtic mythology the unicorn symbolized purity, innocence, masculinity and power. The proud, haughty unicorn was chosen as Scotland's national animal because it would rather die than be captured, just as Scots would fight to remain sovereign and unconquered. The unicorn was first used on the Scottish royal coat of arms by William I in the 1100s. Two unicorns supported the shield until 1603, when James VI replaced one unicorn with the national animal of England, the lion, to demonstrate unity. Scotland's unicorn in the coat of arms is always bounded by a golden chain, symbolizing the power of the Scottish kings, strong enough to tame a unicorn. The Scottish motto "Nemo me impune lacessit," means "No one wounds (touches) me with impunity." Edinburgh is the capital city of Scotland, in the United Kingdom, Europe.
    17SC1-4255_Scotland.jpg
  • "Hunt of the Unicorn" replica tapestries in the Scottish Queen's Inner Hall in the Royal Palace at Stirling Castle, in Scotland, United Kingdom, Europe. The Royal Palace was childhood home of Mary Queen of Scots. The palace's lavish design drew on European Renaissance fashions to show off James V's power and good taste. Historic Scotland has recreated the palace interiors as they may have looked when the Scottish king's grand scheme was complete. The "Hunt of the Unicorn" tapestries in the Queen's Lodgings are replicas hand-loomed from 2001-2014, inspired from the seven original tapestries made in Brussels between 1495-1505 (now in the Cloisters museum of New York’s Metropolitan Museum of Art). Why a unicorn? In Celtic mythology the unicorn symbolized purity, innocence, masculinity and power. The proud, haughty unicorn was chosen as Scotland's national animal because it would rather die than be captured, just as Scots would fight to remain sovereign and unconquered. Once the capital of Scotland, Stirling is visually dominated by Stirling Castle. Most of Stirling Castle's main buildings date from the 1400s and 1500s, when it peaked in importance.
    17SC1-2121_Scotland.jpg
  • This statue of Scottish author Sir Walter Scott is inside the 1846 Scott Monument, the largest monument to a writer in the world. Find it in Princes Street Gardens, near Edinburgh Waverley Railway Station (named after Scott's Waverley novels), in Scotland, United Kingdom, Europe. This Victorian Gothic monument was designed by John Steell. It is made from white Carrara marble, showing Scott seated, resting from writing one of his works with a quill pen and his dog Maida by his side. Sir Walter Scott, 1st Baronet, FRSE (1771-1832) was a Scottish historical novelist, playwright and poet. Many of his works remain classics of both English-language literature and of Scottish literature, including: Ivanhoe, Rob Roy, Old Mortality, The Lady of the Lake, Waverley, The Heart of Midlothian and The Bride of Lammermoor. Scott was also an advocate, judge and legal administrator by profession, and throughout his career combined his writing and editing work with his daily occupation as Clerk of Session and Sheriff-Depute of Selkirkshire. A prominent member of the Tory establishment in Edinburgh, Scott was an active member of the Highland Society and served a long term as President of the Royal Society of Edinburgh (1820–32). In the background of the Scott Monument fly the UK's Union Jack and Scottish flag, atop the Bank of Scotland Head Office building (HBOS, Lloyds Banking Group) on The Mound. Inside is Museum on the Mound, which focuses on money, coinage and economics.
    17SC1-4528_Scotland.jpg
  • Scottish Parliament Building was opened 2004 in the Holyrood area of the capital city of Scotland, Edinburgh, in the United Kingdom, Europe. The abstract modernist structure was designed by Catalan architect Enric Miralles (1955–2000). Scottish Parliament had previously dropped out of existence from 1707 through 1999. The original Parliament of Scotland was the national legislature of the independent Kingdom of Scotland, existing from the early 1200s until the Kingdom of Scotland merged with the Kingdom of England under the Acts of Union 1707 to form the Kingdom of Great Britain. Scottish Parliament disappeared with the creation of the Parliament of Great Britain at Westminster in London. Following a Scottish referendum in 1997, the current Parliament was convened by the Scotland Act 1998, which sets out its powers as a devolved legislature, which first met in 1999. The Scottish Parliament has the power to legislate in all areas that are not explicitly reserved to Westminster.
    17SC1-4443_Scotland.jpg
  • Vaulted blue ceiling of St Giles' Cathedral (High Kirk of Edinburgh), the principal place of worship of the Church of Scotland in Edinburgh. Its distinctive crown steeple is a prominent feature of the city skyline, at about a third of the way down the Royal Mile. The church has been one of Edinburgh's religious focal points for approximately 900 years. The present church dates from the late 1300s, though it was extensively restored in the 1800s. Today it is sometimes regarded as the "Mother Church of Presbyterianism." The cathedral is dedicated to Saint Giles, who is the patron saint of Edinburgh, as well as of cripples and lepers, and was a very popular saint in the Middle Ages. Edinburgh is the capital city of Scotland, in Lothian on the Firth of Forth's southern shore, Scotland, United Kingdom, Europe. This image was stitched from several overlapping photos.
    17SC1-4358-60-Pano_Scotland.jpg
  • Smoothly eroded rock walls of Steall Gorge (or Nevis Gorge), downstream from Steall Waterfall, in the valley of Glen Nevis near Fort William, Scotland, United Kingdom, Europe. Steall Falls is Scotland's second highest waterfall, with a single drop of 120 meters or 393 ft. One of the best short hikes in Scotland ascends 220 m to the falls (3.5 km / 2.25 miles round trip) via Nevis Gorge, an area owned by the John Muir Trust, which is attempting to restore wilderness here after centuries of burning and grazing.
    17SC1-2510_Scotland.jpg
  • The 1869 National Wallace Monument stands on Abbey Craig overlooking Stirling, commemorating Sir William Wallace, a 1200s Scottish hero. Stirling, Scotland, United Kingdom, Europe. Once the capital of Scotland, Stirling controlled a strategic position (until the 1890s) as the lowest bridging point of the River Forth before it broadens towards the Firth of Forth, making it the gateway to the Scottish Highlands. One of the principal royal strongholds of the Kingdom of Scotland, Stirling was created a royal burgh by King David I in 1130.
    17SC1-2257_Scotland.jpg
  • "Hunt of the Unicorn" replica tapestries in the Scottish Queen's Inner Hall in the Royal Palace at Stirling Castle, in Scotland, United Kingdom, Europe. The Royal Palace was childhood home of Mary Queen of Scots. The palace's lavish design drew on European Renaissance fashions to show off James V's power and good taste. Historic Scotland has recreated the palace interiors as they may have looked when the Scottish king's grand scheme was complete. The "Hunt of the Unicorn" tapestries in the Queen's Lodgings are replicas hand-loomed from 2001-2014, inspired from the seven original tapestries made in Brussels between 1495-1505 (now in the Cloisters museum of New York’s Metropolitan Museum of Art). Why a unicorn? In Celtic mythology the unicorn symbolized purity, innocence, masculinity and power. The proud, haughty unicorn was chosen as Scotland's national animal because it would rather die than be captured, just as Scots would fight to remain sovereign and unconquered. Once the capital of Scotland, Stirling is visually dominated by Stirling Castle. Most of Stirling Castle's main buildings date from the 1400s and 1500s, when it peaked in importance. This image was stitched from several overlapping photos.
    17SC1-2123-26-Pano_Scotland.jpg
  • James V carved replica, one of 37 Stirling Heads, in Stirling Castle, Scotland, UK, Europe. James V (1512-1542) was King of Scotland from 1513 until his death, which followed the Scottish defeat at the Battle of Solway Moss. His only surviving legitimate child, Mary I, succeeded him when she was just six days old.<br />
The King's Inner Hall at Stirling Castle has a ceiling of 37 carved replica Stirling Heads, originally designed for James V and finished by his widow Mary of Guise in the 1540s. Once the capital of Scotland, Stirling controlled a strategic position (until the 1890s) as the lowest bridging point of the River Forth before it broadens towards the Firth of Forth, making it the gateway to the Scottish Highlands. One of the principal royal strongholds of the Kingdom of Scotland, Stirling was created a royal burgh by King David I in 1130. Before the union with England, Stirling Castle was also one of the most used of the many Scottish royal residences, serving as both a palace and a fortress. Several Scottish Kings and Queens have been crowned at Stirling, including Mary, Queen of Scots in 1542, and others were born or died there. Stirling Castle has suffered at least eight sieges, including several during the Wars of Scottish Independence, with the last being in 1746, when Bonnie Prince Charlie unsuccessfully tried to take the castle.
    17SC1-2142_Scotland.jpg
  • "Hunt of the Unicorn" replica tapestries in the Scottish Queen's Inner Hall in the Royal Palace at Stirling Castle, in Scotland, United Kingdom, Europe. The Royal Palace was childhood home of Mary Queen of Scots. The palace's lavish design drew on European Renaissance fashions to show off James V's power and good taste. Historic Scotland has recreated the palace interiors as they may have looked when the Scottish king's grand scheme was complete. The "Hunt of the Unicorn" tapestries in the Queen's Lodgings are replicas hand-loomed from 2001-2014, inspired from the seven original tapestries made in Brussels between 1495-1505 (now in the Cloisters museum of New York’s Metropolitan Museum of Art). Why a unicorn? In Celtic mythology the unicorn symbolized purity, innocence, masculinity and power. The proud, haughty unicorn was chosen as Scotland's national animal because it would rather die than be captured, just as Scots would fight to remain sovereign and unconquered. Once the capital of Scotland, Stirling is visually dominated by Stirling Castle. Most of Stirling Castle's main buildings date from the 1400s and 1500s, when it peaked in importance.
    17SC1-2128_Scotland.jpg
  • Medieval street in Stirling, Scotland, United Kingdom, Europe. Once the capital of Scotland, Stirling is visually dominated by Stirling Castle, in the United Kingdom, Europe. Historically, Stirling controlled a strategic position (until the 1890s) as the lowest bridging point of the River Forth before it broadens towards the Firth of Forth, making it the gateway to the Scottish Highlands. One of the principal royal strongholds of the Kingdom of Scotland, Stirling was created a royal burgh by King David I in 1130. Stirling Castle sits atop Castle Hill, an intrusive crag, which forms part of the Stirling Sill geological formation. Most of the stronghold's main buildings date from the 1400s and 1500s, when it peaked in importance. The outer defences fronting the town date from the early 1700s. Before the union with England, Stirling Castle was also one of the most used of the many Scottish royal residences, serving as both a palace and a fortress. Several Scottish Kings and Queens have been crowned at Stirling, including Mary, Queen of Scots in 1542, and others were born or died there. Stirling Castle has suffered at least eight sieges, including several during the Wars of Scottish Independence, with the last being in 1746, when Bonnie Prince Charlie unsuccessfully tried to take the castle.
    17SC1-2034_Scotland.jpg
  • Steall Waterfall in the valley of Glen Nevis near Fort William, Scotland, United Kingdom, Europe. Steall Falls is Scotland's second highest waterfall, with a single drop of 120 meters or 393 ft. One of the best short hikes in Scotland ascends 220 m to the falls (3.5 km / 2.25 miles round trip) via Nevis Gorge, an area owned by the John Muir Trust, which is attempting to restore wilderness here after centuries of burning and grazing.
    17UK3-3122_Scotland.jpg
  • A local islander pumps a foot-powered loom to weave the famous Harris Tweed at Gearrannan Blackhouse Village on the Isle of Lewis, Outer Hebrides (Western Isles), Scotland, United Kingdom, Europe. The Orb Trademark, pressed onto every length of cloth and seen on the traditional woven label affixed to finished items, guarantees the highest quality, 100% pure new wool Harris Tweed, dyed, spun and handwoven by islanders of the Outer Hebrides of Scotland at their homes, to the laws enshrined in the 1993 Harris Tweed Act of Parliament. First woven in the 1700s by crafters in the Outer Hebrides, Harris Tweed was introduced to the British aristocracy in the 1840s by Lady Dunmore. To regulate and protect the fabric against imitations, the Harris Tweed Orb certification mark was created in 1909 (the oldest British mark of its kind). Today, the yarn is no longer hand spun, a change introduced with the Hattersley mark 1 loom, the first operated by feet. Most of the required virgin wool is now sourced from mainland Scotland. Harris Tweed is truly "dyed in the wool," that is, dyed prior to being spun. Gearrannan Blackhouse Village features 9 restored traditional thatched cottages, built in the late 1800s and lived in until 1974, the last to be inhabited in the Western Isles. This image was stitched from 2 overlapping photos.
    17SC1-31333-34-Pano_Scotland.jpg
  • Panorama inside St Giles' Cathedral (High Kirk of Edinburgh), the principal place of worship of the Church of Scotland in Edinburgh. The church has been one of Edinburgh's religious focal points for approximately 900 years. The present church dates from the late 1300s, though it was extensively restored in the 1800s. Today it is sometimes regarded as the "Mother Church of Presbyterianism." The cathedral is dedicated to Saint Giles, who is the patron saint of Edinburgh, as well as of cripples and lepers, and was a very popular saint in the Middle Ages. Edinburgh is the capital city of Scotland, in Lothian on the Firth of Forth, Scotland, United Kingdom, Europe. This image was stitched from several overlapping photos.
    17SC1-4373-88-Pano_Scotland.jpg
  • Vaulted blue ceiling of St Giles' Cathedral (High Kirk of Edinburgh), the principal place of worship of the Church of Scotland in Edinburgh. Its distinctive crown steeple is a prominent feature of the city skyline, at about a third of the way down the Royal Mile. The church has been one of Edinburgh's religious focal points for approximately 900 years. The present church dates from the late 1300s, though it was extensively restored in the 1800s. Today it is sometimes regarded as the "Mother Church of Presbyterianism." The cathedral is dedicated to Saint Giles, who is the patron saint of Edinburgh, as well as of cripples and lepers, and was a very popular saint in the Middle Ages. Edinburgh is the capital city of Scotland, in Lothian on the Firth of Forth's southern shore, Scotland, United Kingdom, Europe.
    17SC1-4402_Scotland.jpg
  • The impressive Rieger Organ stands in the South Transept of St Giles' Cathedral (High Kirk of Edinburgh), the principal place of worship of the Church of Scotland in Edinburgh. The organ was built in 1992 by the Austrian firm of Rieger Orgelbau, in consultation with Herrick Bunney and Peter Hurford. The instrument has a distinctive case of Austrian oak designed by Douglas Laird. St Giles' church has been one of Edinburgh's religious focal points for approximately 900 years. The present church dates from the late 1300s, though it was extensively restored in the 1800s. Today it is sometimes regarded as the "Mother Church of Presbyterianism." The cathedral is dedicated to Saint Giles, who is the patron saint of Edinburgh, as well as of cripples and lepers, and was a very popular saint in the Middle Ages. Edinburgh is the capital city of Scotland, in Lothian on the Firth of Forth, Scotland, United Kingdom, Europe.
    17SC1-4368_Scotland.jpg
  • Magnificent stained glass north window in St Giles' Cathedral. Given by merchant navy Captain Charles Taylor of Stonehaven in 1922, this window portrays nautical themes using rich blues, greens and purples: Christ walking on the water (lower section) and Christ stilling the tempest (upper section). St Giles' Cathedral (High Kirk of Edinburgh) is the principal place of worship of the Church of Scotland in Edinburgh. Its distinctive crown steeple is a prominent feature of the city skyline, at about a third of the way down the Royal Mile. The church has been one of Edinburgh's religious focal points for approximately 900 years. The present church dates from the late 1300s and was extensively restored in the 1800s. Some regard it as the "Mother Church of Presbyterianism." The cathedral is dedicated to Saint Giles, a very popular saint in the Middle Ages and the patron saint of Edinburgh (also of cripples and lepers). Edinburgh is the capital city of Scotland, in Lothian on the Firth of Forth's southern shore, Scotland, United Kingdom, Europe.
    17SC1-4367_Scotland.jpg
  • The Hub was built in Victorian Gothic style (aka Neo-Gothic) in1845 at the top of Edinburgh's Royal Mile. The Hub contains a performance space, venues for functions, conferences and weddings. It is the home of the Edinburgh International Festival and its central ticketing office, plus an information center for all Edinburgh Festivals. Its gothic spire is the highest point in central Edinburgh. The gothic revivalist building was built 1842-1845. Prior to the new Scottish Parliament Building at Holyrood in 2004, the Hub was occasionally used for meetings of the Scottish Parliament when the Church of Scotland's General Assembly Hall was unavailable. Edinburgh is the capital city of Scotland, in Lothian on the Firth of Forth, Scotland, United Kingdom, Europe.
    17SC1-4316_Scotland.jpg
  • The Hub was built in Victorian Gothic style (aka Neo-Gothic) in1845 at the top of Edinburgh's Royal Mile. The Hub contains a performance space, venues for functions, conferences and weddings. It is the home of the Edinburgh International Festival and its central ticketing office, plus an information center for all Edinburgh Festivals. Its gothic spire is the highest point in central Edinburgh. The gothic revivalist building was built 1842-1845. Prior to the new Scottish Parliament Building at Holyrood in 2004, the Hub was occasionally used for meetings of the Scottish Parliament when the Church of Scotland's General Assembly Hall was unavailable. Edinburgh is the capital city of Scotland, in Lothian on the Firth of Forth, Scotland, United Kingdom, Europe.
    17SC1-4312_Scotland.jpg
  • Recent stained glass windows in St Margaret's Chapel, Edinburgh's oldest building, a royal place of peace and prayer. Scotland’s royals once knelt to worship in this private chapel. It was built around 1130 by David I and dedicated to his mother Queen Margaret, a member of the English royal family who fled the Norman invasion and married Malcolm III. The decorated chancel arch is original, while other features, such as the stained glass windows, are more recent. In the 1500s, the chapel was used as a gunpowder store and was later given bomb-proof vaulting. Edinburgh is the capital city of Scotland, in Lothian on the Firth of Forth, Scotland, United Kingdom, Europe.
    17SC1-4288_Scotland.jpg
  • St Margaret's Chapel is Edinburgh's oldest building, a royal place of peace and prayer. Scotland’s royals once knelt to worship in this private chapel. It was built around 1130 by David I and dedicated to his mother Queen Margaret, a member of the English royal family who fled the Norman invasion and married Malcolm III. The decorated chancel arch is original, while other features, such as the stained glass windows, are more recent. In the 1500s, the chapel was used as a gunpowder store and was later given bomb-proof vaulting. Edinburgh is the capital city of Scotland, in Lothian on the Firth of Forth, Scotland, United Kingdom, Europe.
    17SC1-4293_Scotland.jpg
  • On the trail via Steall Gorge (or Nevis Gorge) to Steall Waterfall, in the valley of Glen Nevis near Fort William, Scotland, United Kingdom, Europe. One of the best short hikes in Scotland ascends 220 m to Steall Falls (3.5 km / 2.25 miles round trip) via Nevis Gorge, an area owned by the John Muir Trust, which is attempting to restore wilderness here after centuries of burning and grazing. Hidden in the clouds is Ben Nevis, the highest mountain in the British Isles. Standing at 1345 meters (4411 ft), it is at the western end of the Grampian Mountains in the Lochaber area of the Scottish Highlands. The 700-metre (2300 ft) cliffs of the north face are among the highest in Scotland. The summit, which is the collapsed dome of an ancient volcano, features the ruins of an observatory which was continuously staffed between 1883 and 1904. The meteorological data collected during this period are still important for understanding Scottish mountain weather. C. T. R. Wilson was inspired to invent the cloud chamber after a period spent working at the observatory.
    17SC1-2501_Scotland.jpg
  • On the trail via Steall Gorge (or Nevis Gorge) to Steall Waterfall (which is in the direction opposite to this view), in the valley of Glen Nevis near Fort William, Scotland, United Kingdom, Europe. One of the best short hikes in Scotland ascends 220 m to Steall Falls (3.5 km / 2.25 miles round trip) via Nevis Gorge, an area owned by the John Muir Trust, which is attempting to restore wilderness here after centuries of burning and grazing. Hidden in the clouds is Ben Nevis, the highest mountain in the British Isles. Standing at 1345 meters (4411 ft), it is at the western end of the Grampian Mountains in the Lochaber area of the Scottish Highlands. The 700-metre (2300 ft) cliffs of the north face are among the highest in Scotland. The summit, which is the collapsed dome of an ancient volcano, features the ruins of an observatory which was continuously staffed between 1883 and 1904. The meteorological data collected during this period are still important for understanding Scottish mountain weather. C. T. R. Wilson was inspired to invent the cloud chamber after a period spent working at the observatory.
    17SC1-2502_Scotland.jpg
  • Steall Waterfall in the valley of Glen Nevis near Fort William, Scotland, United Kingdom, Europe. Steall Falls is Scotland's second highest waterfall, with a single drop of 120 meters or 393 ft. One of the best short hikes in Scotland ascends 220 m to the falls (3.5 km / 2.25 miles round trip) via Nevis Gorge, an area owned by the John Muir Trust, which is attempting to restore wilderness here after centuries of burning and grazing.
    17SC1-2487_Scotland.jpg
  • Stirling Old Bridge on the River Forth was built in the 1400s or 1500s to replace a succession of timber bridges. Sir William Wallace and Sir Andrew Moray defeated Edward I's forces at the Battle of Stirling Bridge in 1297. In the Jacobite Rising of 1745, an arch was removed to forestall Bonnie Prince Charlie’s forces as they marched south. Today it is one the best medieval masonry arch bridges in Scotland. Once the capital of Scotland, Stirling controlled a strategic position (until the 1890s) as the lowest bridging point of the River Forth before it broadens towards the Firth of Forth, making it the gateway to the Scottish Highlands. One of the principal royal strongholds of the Kingdom of Scotland, Stirling was created a royal burgh by King David I in 1130.
    17SC1-2253_Scotland.jpg
  • Mary of Guise, one of 37 carved replica Stirling Heads at Stirling Castle, in Scotland, UK, Europe. Mary of Guise (1515-1560) was Queen of Scots from 1538 to 1542 as the second wife of King James V. She was the mother of Mary, Queen of Scots, and served as Regent of Scotland in her daughter's name from 1554 to 1560. A native of Lorraine, she was a member of the powerful House of Guise, which played a prominent role in 16th-century French politics. Her main goal was a close alliance between the powerful French Catholic nation and smaller Scotland, which she wanted to be Catholic and independent of England. She failed, and at her death the Protestants took control of Scotland, with her own grandson achieving the Union of the Crowns a few decades later. The King's Inner Hall at Stirling Castle has a ceiling of 37 carved replica Stirling Heads, originally designed for James V and finished by his widow Mary of Guise in the 1540s.
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  • Gargoyles on the Royal Palace, within Stirling Castle, Scotland, United Kingdom, Europe. The Royal Palace was childhood home of Mary Queen of Scots. The palace's lavish design drew on European Renaissance fashions to show off James V's power and good taste. Once the capital of Scotland, Stirling controlled a strategic position (until the 1890s) as the lowest bridging point of the River Forth before it broadens towards the Firth of Forth, making it the gateway to the Scottish Highlands. One of the principal royal strongholds of the Kingdom of Scotland, Stirling was created a royal burgh by King David I in 1130. Most of the stronghold's main buildings date from the 1400s and 1500s, when it peaked in importance. Several Scottish Kings and Queens have been crowned at Stirling, including Mary, Queen of Scots in 1542, and others were born or died there. Stirling Castle has suffered at least eight sieges, including several during the Wars of Scottish Independence, with the last being in 1746, when Bonnie Prince Charlie unsuccessfully tried to take the castle.
    17SC1-2141_Scotland.jpg
  • Inside Stirling Castle, unicorns in the Scottish King's Bedchamber symbolize royal purity & strength. What's with the unicorn? Unicorns were first depicted in 2600 BC in ancient seals of the Indus Valley Civilization and were mentioned by the ancient Greeks. In Celtic mythology the unicorn symbolized purity, innocence, masculinity and power. The proud, haughty unicorn was chosen as Scotland's national animal because it would rather die than be captured, just as Scots would fight to remain sovereign and unconquered. The unicorn was first used on the Scottish royal coat of arms by William I in the 1100s, and two unicorns supported the shield until 1603. When James VI became James I of England and Ireland in 1603, he replaced one unicorn with the national animal of England, the lion, to demonstrate unity. Believed to be the strongest of all animals, wild and untamed, the mythical unicorn could only be humbled by a virgin maiden. However, Scotland's unicorn in the coat of arms is always bounded by a golden chain, often shown around its neck and body, symbolizing the power of the Scottish kings, strong enough to tame a unicorn. Most of Stirling Castle's main buildings date from the 1400s and 1500s, when it peaked in importance. Scotland, United Kingdom, Europe. This image was stitched from several overlapping photos.
    17SC1-2096-2100-Pano_Scotland.jpg
  • Inside Stirling Castle, unicorns in the Scottish King's Bedchamber symbolize royal purity & strength. What's with the unicorn? Unicorns were first depicted in 2600 BC in ancient seals of the Indus Valley Civilization and were mentioned by the ancient Greeks. In Celtic mythology the unicorn symbolized purity, innocence, masculinity and power. The proud, haughty unicorn was chosen as Scotland's national animal because it would rather die than be captured, just as Scots would fight to remain sovereign and unconquered. The unicorn was first used on the Scottish royal coat of arms by William I in the 1100s, and two unicorns supported the shield until 1603. When James VI became James I of England and Ireland in 1603, he replaced one unicorn with the national animal of England, the lion, to demonstrate unity. Believed to be the strongest of all animals, wild and untamed, the mythical unicorn could only be humbled by a virgin maiden. However, Scotland's unicorn in the coat of arms is always bounded by a golden chain, often shown around its neck and body, symbolizing the power of the Scottish kings, strong enough to tame a unicorn. Most of Stirling Castle's main buildings date from the 1400s and 1500s, when it peaked in importance. Scotland, United Kingdom, Europe.
    17SC1-2102_Scotland.jpg
  • Once the capital of Scotland, Stirling is visually dominated by Stirling Castle. Historically, Stirling controlled a strategic position (until the 1890s) as the lowest bridging point of the River Forth before it broadens towards the Firth of Forth, making it the gateway to the Scottish Highlands. One of the principal royal strongholds of the Kingdom of Scotland, Stirling was created a royal burgh by King David I in 1130. Stirling Castle sits atop Castle Hill, an intrusive crag, which forms part of the Stirling Sill geological formation. Most of the stronghold's main buildings date from the 1400s and 1500s, when it peaked in importance. The outer defences fronting the town date from the early 1700s. Before the union with England, Stirling Castle was also one of the most used of the many Scottish royal residences, serving as both a palace and a fortress. Scotland is now part of the United Kingdom, in Europe. Several Scottish Kings and Queens have been crowned at Stirling, including Mary, Queen of Scots in 1542, and others were born or died there. Stirling Castle has suffered at least eight sieges, including several during the Wars of Scottish Independence, with the last being in 1746, when Bonnie Prince Charlie unsuccessfully tried to take the castle.
    17SC1-2078_Scotland.jpg
  • 1630 King’s Knot garden & tournament field. Stirling, Scotland, United Kingdom, Europe. Once the capital of Scotland, Stirling is visually dominated by Stirling Castle, in the United Kingdom, Europe. Historically, Stirling controlled a strategic position (until the 1890s) as the lowest bridging point of the River Forth before it broadens towards the Firth of Forth, making it the gateway to the Scottish Highlands. One of the principal royal strongholds of the Kingdom of Scotland, Stirling was created a royal burgh by King David I in 1130. Stirling Castle sits atop Castle Hill, an intrusive crag, which forms part of the Stirling Sill geological formation. Most of the stronghold's main buildings date from the 1400s and 1500s, when it peaked in importance. The outer defences fronting the town date from the early 1700s. Before the union with England, Stirling Castle was also one of the most used of the many Scottish royal residences, serving as both a palace and a fortress. Several Scottish Kings and Queens have been crowned at Stirling, including Mary, Queen of Scots in 1542, and others were born or died there. Stirling Castle has suffered at least eight sieges, including several during the Wars of Scottish Independence, with the last being in 1746, when Bonnie Prince Charlie unsuccessfully tried to take the castle.
    17SC1-2076_Scotland.jpg
  • 1630 King’s Knot garden & tournament field. Stirling, Scotland, United Kingdom, Europe. Once the capital of Scotland, Stirling is visually dominated by Stirling Castle, in the United Kingdom, Europe. Historically, Stirling controlled a strategic position (until the 1890s) as the lowest bridging point of the River Forth before it broadens towards the Firth of Forth, making it the gateway to the Scottish Highlands. One of the principal royal strongholds of the Kingdom of Scotland, Stirling was created a royal burgh by King David I in 1130. Stirling Castle sits atop Castle Hill, an intrusive crag, which forms part of the Stirling Sill geological formation. Most of the stronghold's main buildings date from the 1400s and 1500s, when it peaked in importance. The outer defences fronting the town date from the early 1700s. Before the union with England, Stirling Castle was also one of the most used of the many Scottish royal residences, serving as both a palace and a fortress. Several Scottish Kings and Queens have been crowned at Stirling, including Mary, Queen of Scots in 1542, and others were born or died there. Stirling Castle has suffered at least eight sieges, including several during the Wars of Scottish Independence, with the last being in 1746, when Bonnie Prince Charlie unsuccessfully tried to take the castle.
    17SC1-2055_Scotland.jpg
  • Once the capital of Scotland, Stirling is visually dominated by Stirling Castle. Historically, Stirling controlled a strategic position (until the 1890s) as the lowest bridging point of the River Forth before it broadens towards the Firth of Forth, making it the gateway to the Scottish Highlands. One of the principal royal strongholds of the Kingdom of Scotland, Stirling was created a royal burgh by King David I in 1130. Stirling Castle sits atop Castle Hill, an intrusive crag, which forms part of the Stirling Sill geological formation. Most of the stronghold's main buildings date from the 1400s and 1500s, when it peaked in importance. The outer defences fronting the town date from the early 1700s. Before the union with England, Stirling Castle was also one of the most used of the many Scottish royal residences, serving as both a palace and a fortress. Scotland is now part of the United Kingdom, in Europe. Several Scottish Kings and Queens have been crowned at Stirling, including Mary, Queen of Scots in 1542, and others were born or died there. Stirling Castle has suffered at least eight sieges, including several during the Wars of Scottish Independence, with the last being in 1746, when Bonnie Prince Charlie unsuccessfully tried to take the castle.
    17SC1-1553_Scotland.jpg
  • Once the capital of Scotland, Stirling is visually dominated by Stirling Castle. Historically, Stirling controlled a strategic position (until the 1890s) as the lowest bridging point of the River Forth before it broadens towards the Firth of Forth, making it the gateway to the Scottish Highlands. One of the principal royal strongholds of the Kingdom of Scotland, Stirling was created a royal burgh by King David I in 1130. Stirling Castle sits atop Castle Hill, an intrusive crag, which forms part of the Stirling Sill geological formation. Most of the stronghold's main buildings date from the 1400s and 1500s, when it peaked in importance. The outer defences fronting the town date from the early 1700s. Before the union with England, Stirling Castle was also one of the most used of the many Scottish royal residences, serving as both a palace and a fortress. Scotland is now part of the United Kingdom, in Europe. Several Scottish Kings and Queens have been crowned at Stirling, including Mary, Queen of Scots in 1542, and others were born or died there. Stirling Castle has suffered at least eight sieges, including several during the Wars of Scottish Independence, with the last being in 1746, when Bonnie Prince Charlie unsuccessfully tried to take the castle.
    17SC1-1537_Scotland.jpg
  • Seen from Oban Ferry Terminal, McCaig's Tower rises prominently on Battery Hill overlooking the town of Oban in Argyll, Scotland, United Kingdom, Europe. It is built of Bonawe granite with a circumference of 200 meters with two-tiers of 94 lancet arches. The structure was commissioned by the wealthy, philanthropic banker (North of Scotland Bank), John Stuart McCaig, his own architect. The tower was built between 1897 and his death in 1902, intended as a lasting monument to McCaig's family and as employment for local stonemasons during winter. As an admirer of Roman and Greek architecture, McCaig had planned for an elaborate structure based on the Colosseum in Rome, but only the outer walls were completed. Oban is an important tourism hub and Caledonian MacBrayne (Calmac) ferry port, protected by the island of Kerrera and Isle of Mull, in the Firth of Lorn.
    17UK3-3063_Scotland.jpg
  • McCaig's Tower rises prominently on Battery Hill overlooking the town of Oban in Argyll, Scotland, United Kingdom, Europe. It is built of Bonawe granite with a circumference of 200 meters with two-tiers of 94 lancet arches. The structure was commissioned by the wealthy, philanthropic banker (North of Scotland Bank), John Stuart McCaig, his own architect. The tower was built between 1897 and his death in 1902, intended as a lasting monument to McCaig's family and as employment for local stonemasons during winter. As an admirer of Roman and Greek architecture, McCaig had planned for an elaborate structure based on the Colosseum in Rome, but only the outer walls were completed. Oban is an important tourism hub and Caledonian MacBrayne (Calmac) ferry port, protected by the island of Kerrera and Isle of Mull, in the Firth of Lorn. This image was stitched from several overlapping photos.
    17UK3-3026-28-Pano_Scotland.jpg
  • McCaig's Tower rises prominently on Battery Hill overlooking the town of Oban in Argyll, Scotland, United Kingdom, Europe. It is built of Bonawe granite with a circumference of 200 meters with two-tiers of 94 lancet arches. The structure was commissioned by the wealthy, philanthropic banker (North of Scotland Bank), John Stuart McCaig, his own architect. The tower was built between 1897 and his death in 1902, intended as a lasting monument to McCaig's family and as employment for local stonemasons during winter. As an admirer of Roman and Greek architecture, McCaig had planned for an elaborate structure based on the Colosseum in Rome, but only the outer walls were completed. Oban is an important tourism hub and Caledonian MacBrayne (Calmac) ferry port, protected by the island of Kerrera and Isle of Mull, in the Firth of Lorn.
    17UK3-3005_Scotland.jpg
  • Rock pattern in Callanish Standing Stones. Erected 4600 years ago, the Callanish Standing Stones are one of the most spectacular megalithic monuments in Scotland. The main site known as "Callanish I" forms a cross with a central stone circle erected circa 2900-2600 BC. More lines of stones were added by 2000 BC (the close of the Neolithic era), and it become a focus for rituals during the Bronze Age. From 1500-1000 BC, farmers emptied the burials and ploughed the area. After from 800 BC, peat accumulated 1.5 meters deep and buried the stones until removed in 1857. Visit this spectacular ancient site near the village of Callanish (Gaelic: Calanais), on the Isle of Lewis, Outer Hebrides (Western Isles), Scotland, United Kingdom, Europe.
    17SC4-098_Scotland.jpg
  • Erected 4600 years ago, the Callanish Standing Stones are one of the most spectacular megalithic monuments in Scotland. The main site known as "Callanish I" forms a cross with a central stone circle erected circa 2900-2600 BC. More lines of stones were added by 2000 BC (the close of the Neolithic era), and it become a focus for rituals during the Bronze Age. From 1500-1000 BC, farmers emptied the burials and ploughed the area. After from 800 BC, peat accumulated 1.5 meters deep and buried the stones until removed in 1857. Visit this spectacular ancient site near the village of Callanish (Gaelic: Calanais), on the Isle of Lewis, Outer Hebrides (Western Isles), Scotland, United Kingdom, Europe. This image was stitched from several overlapping photos.
    17SC2-312-322-Pano-Edit_Scotland.jpg
  • Erected 4600 years ago, the Callanish Standing Stones are one of the most spectacular megalithic monuments in Scotland. The main site known as "Callanish I" forms a cross with a central stone circle erected circa 2900-2600 BC. More lines of stones were added by 2000 BC (the close of the Neolithic era), and it become a focus for rituals during the Bronze Age. From 1500-1000 BC, farmers emptied the burials and ploughed the area. After from 800 BC, peat accumulated 1.5 meters deep and buried the stones until removed in 1857. Visit this spectacular ancient site near the village of Callanish (Gaelic: Calanais), on the Isle of Lewis, Outer Hebrides (Western Isles), Scotland, United Kingdom, Europe. This image was stitched from several overlapping photos.
    17SC2-332-34-Pano_Scotland.jpg
  • Erected 4600 years ago, the Callanish Standing Stones are one of the most spectacular megalithic monuments in Scotland. The main site known as "Callanish I" forms a cross with a central stone circle erected circa 2900-2600 BC. More lines of stones were added by 2000 BC (the close of the Neolithic era), and it become a focus for rituals during the Bronze Age. From 1500-1000 BC, farmers emptied the burials and ploughed the area. After from 800 BC, peat accumulated 1.5 meters deep and buried the stones until removed in 1857. Visit this spectacular ancient site near the village of Callanish (Gaelic: Calanais), on the Isle of Lewis, Outer Hebrides (Western Isles), Scotland, United Kingdom, Europe.
    17SC2-330_Scotland.jpg
  • Erected 4600 years ago, the Callanish Standing Stones are one of the most spectacular megalithic monuments in Scotland. The main site known as "Callanish I" forms a cross with a central stone circle erected circa 2900-2600 BC. More lines of stones were added by 2000 BC (the close of the Neolithic era), and it become a focus for rituals during the Bronze Age. From 1500-1000 BC, farmers emptied the burials and ploughed the area. After from 800 BC, peat accumulated 1.5 meters deep and buried the stones until removed in 1857. Visit this spectacular ancient site near the village of Callanish (Gaelic: Calanais), on the Isle of Lewis, Outer Hebrides (Western Isles), Scotland, United Kingdom, Europe.
    17SC2-278_Scotland.jpg
  • Erected 4600 years ago, the Callanish Standing Stones are one of the most spectacular megalithic monuments in Scotland. The main site known as "Callanish I" forms a cross with a central stone circle erected circa 2900-2600 BC. More lines of stones were added by 2000 BC (the close of the Neolithic era), and it become a focus for rituals during the Bronze Age. From 1500-1000 BC, farmers emptied the burials and ploughed the area. After from 800 BC, peat accumulated 1.5 meters deep and buried the stones until removed in 1857. Visit this spectacular ancient site near the village of Callanish (Gaelic: Calanais), on the Isle of Lewis, Outer Hebrides (Western Isles), Scotland, United Kingdom, Europe. This image was stitched from several overlapping photos.
    17SC1-31169-83-Pano_Scotland.jpg
  • Erected 4600 years ago, the Callanish Standing Stones are one of the most spectacular megalithic monuments in Scotland. The main site known as "Callanish I" forms a cross with a central stone circle erected circa 2900-2600 BC. More lines of stones were added by 2000 BC (the close of the Neolithic era), and it become a focus for rituals during the Bronze Age. From 1500-1000 BC, farmers emptied the burials and ploughed the area. After from 800 BC, peat accumulated 1.5 meters deep and buried the stones until removed in 1857. Visit this spectacular ancient site near the village of Callanish (Gaelic: Calanais), on the Isle of Lewis, Outer Hebrides (Western Isles), Scotland, United Kingdom, Europe.
    17SC1-31134_Scotland.jpg
  • Erected 4600 years ago, the Callanish Standing Stones are one of the most spectacular megalithic monuments in Scotland. The main site known as "Callanish I" forms a cross with a central stone circle erected circa 2900-2600 BC. More lines of stones were added by 2000 BC (the close of the Neolithic era), and it become a focus for rituals during the Bronze Age. From 1500-1000 BC, farmers emptied the burials and ploughed the area. After from 800 BC, peat accumulated 1.5 meters deep and buried the stones until removed in 1857. Visit this spectacular ancient site near the village of Callanish (Gaelic: Calanais), on the Isle of Lewis, Outer Hebrides (Western Isles), Scotland, United Kingdom, Europe. This image was stitched from several overlapping photos.
    17SC1-31043-51-Pano_Scotland.jpg
  • Erected 4600 years ago, the Callanish Standing Stones are one of the most spectacular megalithic monuments in Scotland. The main site known as "Callanish I" forms a cross with a central stone circle erected circa 2900-2600 BC. More lines of stones were added by 2000 BC (the close of the Neolithic era), and it become a focus for rituals during the Bronze Age. From 1500-1000 BC, farmers emptied the burials and ploughed the area. After from 800 BC, peat accumulated 1.5 meters deep and buried the stones until removed in 1857. Visit this spectacular ancient site near the village of Callanish (Gaelic: Calanais), on the Isle of Lewis, Outer Hebrides (Western Isles), Scotland, United Kingdom, Europe.
    17SC1-31105_Scotland.jpg
  • Erected 4600 years ago, the Callanish Standing Stones are one of the most spectacular megalithic monuments in Scotland. The main site known as "Callanish I" forms a cross with a central stone circle erected circa 2900-2600 BC. More lines of stones were added by 2000 BC (the close of the Neolithic era), and it become a focus for rituals during the Bronze Age. From 1500-1000 BC, farmers emptied the burials and ploughed the area. After from 800 BC, peat accumulated 1.5 meters deep and buried the stones until removed in 1857. Visit this spectacular ancient site near the village of Callanish (Gaelic: Calanais), on the Isle of Lewis, Outer Hebrides (Western Isles), Scotland, United Kingdom, Europe.
    17SC1-31014_Scotland.jpg
  • Erected 4600 years ago, the Callanish Standing Stones are one of the most spectacular megalithic monuments in Scotland. The main site known as "Callanish I" forms a cross with a central stone circle erected circa 2900-2600 BC. More lines of stones were added by 2000 BC (the close of the Neolithic era), and it become a focus for rituals during the Bronze Age. From 1500-1000 BC, farmers emptied the burials and ploughed the area. After from 800 BC, peat accumulated 1.5 meters deep and buried the stones until removed in 1857. Visit this spectacular ancient site near the village of Callanish (Gaelic: Calanais), on the Isle of Lewis, Outer Hebrides (Western Isles), Scotland, United Kingdom, Europe.
    17SC1-31001_Scotland.jpg
  • Perched atop Castle Rock, Edinburgh Castle is the most besieged place in Great Britain and one of the most attacked in the world, with 26 sieges in its 1100-year-old history. Few of the present buildings pre-date the Lang Siege of the 1500s except for St Margaret's Chapel from the early 1100s, the Royal Palace, and the early-1500s Great Hall. Edinburgh is the capital city of Scotland, in Lothian on the Firth of Forth, Scotland, United Kingdom, Europe.
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  • Princes Street: Balmoral Hotel. Edinburgh is the capital city of Scotland, in Lothian on the Firth of Forth's southern shore, Scotland, United Kingdom, Europe.
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  • Vaulted blue ceiling of St Giles' Cathedral (High Kirk of Edinburgh), the principal place of worship of the Church of Scotland in Edinburgh. Its distinctive crown steeple is a prominent feature of the city skyline, at about a third of the way down the Royal Mile. The church has been one of Edinburgh's religious focal points for approximately 900 years. The present church dates from the late 1300s, though it was extensively restored in the 1800s. Today it is sometimes regarded as the "Mother Church of Presbyterianism." The cathedral is dedicated to Saint Giles, who is the patron saint of Edinburgh, as well as of cripples and lepers, and was a very popular saint in the Middle Ages. Edinburgh is the capital city of Scotland, in Lothian on the Firth of Forth's southern shore, Scotland, United Kingdom, Europe.
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  • Recent stained glass windows in St Margaret's Chapel, Edinburgh's oldest building, a royal place of peace and prayer. Scotland’s royals once knelt to worship in this private chapel. It was built around 1130 by David I and dedicated to his mother Queen Margaret, a member of the English royal family who fled the Norman invasion and married Malcolm III. The decorated chancel arch is original, while other features, such as the stained glass windows, are more recent. In the 1500s, the chapel was used as a gunpowder store and was later given bomb-proof vaulting. Edinburgh is the capital city of Scotland, in Lothian on the Firth of Forth, Scotland, United Kingdom, Europe.
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  • Cobbled road to the summit of Castle Rock inside Edinburgh Castle. Edinburgh is the capital city of Scotland, in Lothian on the Firth of Forth's southern shore, Scotland, United Kingdom, Europe. This image was stitched from several overlapping photos.
    17SC1-4281-83-Pano_Scotland.jpg
  • South face of 1100-year-old Edinburgh Castle on Castle Rock. Edinburgh Castle is the most besieged place in Great Britain and one of the most attacked in the world, with 26 sieges in its 1100-year-old history. Few of the present buildings pre-date the Lang Siege of the 1500s except for St Margaret's Chapel from the early 1100s, the Royal Palace, and the early-1500s Great Hall. Edinburgh is the capital city of Scotland, in Lothian on the Firth of Forth, Scotland, United Kingdom, Europe.
    17SC1-4233_Scotland.jpg
  • Painted life-sized fiberglass Edinburgh Rugby Kyloe Cow, at Kyloe Gourmet Steak Restaurant, 1-3 Rutland Street, in Edinburgh, the capital city of Scotland, United Kingdom, Europe. First mentioned in the 500s AD, Highland cattle (Scots: Heilan coo, slang: curly coo) have long horns and long wavy coats and are primarily for meat. They originated in the Highlands and Western Isles of Scotland.
    17SC1-4230_Scotland.jpg
  • The Culloden Battlefield visitor center is run by the National Trust for Scotland, near Inverness, United Kingdom, Europe. The Battle of Culloden on 16 April 1746 was part of a religious civil war in Britain and was the final confrontation of the Jacobite rising of 1745. It was the last pitched battle on British soil, and in less than an hour about 1500 men were slain – more than 1000 of them Jacobites. After an unsuccessful Highland charge against the government lines, the Jacobites were routed and driven from the field. Today, strong feelings are still aroused by the battle and the brutal aftermath of weakening Gaelic culture and undermining the Scottish clan system. Three miles south of Culloden village is Drumossie Moor, often called Culloden Moor, site of the battle. Culloden is in Scotland 5 miles east of Inverness, off the A9/B9006, directed by brown signs.
    17SC1-4177_Scotland.jpg
  • Sporran pouch. The Culloden Battlefield visitor center is run by the National Trust for Scotland, near Inverness, United Kingdom, Europe. The Battle of Culloden on 16 April 1746 was part of a religious civil war in Britain and was the final confrontation of the Jacobite rising of 1745. It was the last pitched battle on British soil, and in less than an hour about 1500 men were slain – more than 1000 of them Jacobites. After an unsuccessful Highland charge against the government lines, the Jacobites were routed and driven from the field. Today, strong feelings are still aroused by the battle and the brutal aftermath of weakening Gaelic culture and undermining the Scottish clan system. Three miles south of Culloden village is Drumossie Moor, often called Culloden Moor, site of the battle. Culloden is in Scotland 5 miles east of Inverness, off the A9/B9006, directed by brown signs.
    17SC1-4117_Scotland.jpg
  • Purple heather and green grass cover the cliffs of Trotternish Peninsula above the Sound of Raasay, on Isle of Skye, Scotland, United Kingdom, Europe. Enjoy this view southwards towards Brothers Point from the same viewpoint as Kilt Rock & Mealt Falls along the A855 road, 15 km north of Portree (2 km south of Staffin) on Skye, the largest and northernmost of the major islands in the Inner Hebrides. Between 61 and 55 million years ago, volcanic activity on the west coast of Scotland covered the northern half of Skye in layers of molten rock over 1200m thick. Molten rock squeezed between layers of Jurassic sandstone rocks then cooled slowly and shrank into striking polygonal columns seen along this coast.
    17SC1-3420_Scotland.jpg
  • Steall Waterfall in the valley of Glen Nevis near Fort William, Scotland, United Kingdom, Europe. Steall Falls is Scotland's second highest waterfall, with a single drop of 120 meters or 393 ft. One of the best short hikes in Scotland ascends 220 m to the falls (3.5 km / 2.25 miles round trip) via Nevis Gorge, an area owned by the John Muir Trust, which is attempting to restore wilderness here after centuries of burning and grazing.
    17SC1-2497_Scotland.jpg
  • A twisted pine tree grows beside purple heather flowers at the foot of Ben Nevis, on the trail to Steall Gorge (or Nevis Gorge) and Steall Waterfall, in the valley of Glen Nevis near Fort William, Scotland, United Kingdom, Europe. One of the best short hikes in Scotland ascends 220 m to the falls (3.5 km / 2.25 miles round trip) via Nevis Gorge, an area owned by the John Muir Trust, which is attempting to restore wilderness here after centuries of burning and grazing. This image was stitched from several overlapping photos.
    17SC1-2452-53-Pano_Scotland.jpg
  • Metal bagpiper sculpture. Once the capital of Scotland, Stirling is visually dominated by Stirling Castle, in the United Kingdom, Europe. Historically, Stirling controlled a strategic position (until the 1890s) as the lowest bridging point of the River Forth before it broadens towards the Firth of Forth, making it the gateway to the Scottish Highlands. One of the principal royal strongholds of the Kingdom of Scotland, Stirling was created a royal burgh by King David I in 1130. Stirling Castle sits atop Castle Hill, an intrusive crag, which forms part of the Stirling Sill geological formation. Most of the stronghold's main buildings date from the 1400s and 1500s, when it peaked in importance. The outer defences fronting the town date from the early 1700s. Before the union with England, Stirling Castle was also one of the most used of the many Scottish royal residences, serving as both a palace and a fortress. Several Scottish Kings and Queens have been crowned at Stirling, including Mary, Queen of Scots in 1542, and others were born or died there. Stirling Castle has suffered at least eight sieges, including several during the Wars of Scottish Independence, with the last being in 1746, when Bonnie Prince Charlie unsuccessfully tried to take the castle.
    17SC1-2241_Scotland.jpg
  • The Great Hall in Stirling Castle was the largest medieval banqueting room ever built in Scotland. The Great Hall was thoroughly rebuilt 1969-1999, including timber from 350 Strathyre oak trees pinned together with 4000 handmade pegs for the hammerbeam roof. Originally completed for James IV in 1503, it has four pairs of tall windows at the dais end, where the king and queen sat, and was heated by five large fireplaces. In 1594, for the baptism of his son Prince Henry, James VI held a banquet here so lavish that the fish course was served from an enormous model wooden ship 18 feet long with masts 40 feet high, complete with firing cannons. Historically, Stirling controlled a strategic position (until the 1890s) as the lowest bridging point of the River Forth before it broadens towards the Firth of Forth, making it the gateway to the Scottish Highlands. One of the principal royal strongholds of the Kingdom of Scotland, Stirling was created a royal burgh by King David I in 1130. Before the union with England, Stirling Castle was also one of the most used of the many Scottish royal residences, serving as both a palace and a fortress. Several Scottish Kings and Queens have been crowned at Stirling, including Mary, Queen of Scots in 1542, and others were born or died there. Stirling Castle has suffered at least eight sieges, including several during the Wars of Scottish Independence. This image was stitched from several overlapping photos.
    17SC1-2184-86-Pano_Scotland.jpg
  • Statues on the Royal Palace, within Stirling Castle, Scotland, United Kingdom, Europe. The Royal Palace was childhood home of Mary Queen of Scots. The palace's lavish design drew on European Renaissance fashions to show off James V's power and good taste. Once the capital of Scotland, Stirling controlled a strategic position (until the 1890s) as the lowest bridging point of the River Forth before it broadens towards the Firth of Forth, making it the gateway to the Scottish Highlands. One of the principal royal strongholds of the Kingdom of Scotland, Stirling was created a royal burgh by King David I in 1130. Most of the stronghold's main buildings date from the 1400s and 1500s, when it peaked in importance. Several Scottish Kings and Queens have been crowned at Stirling, including Mary, Queen of Scots in 1542, and others were born or died there. Stirling Castle has suffered at least eight sieges, including several during the Wars of Scottish Independence, with the last being in 1746, when Bonnie Prince Charlie unsuccessfully tried to take the castle.
    17SC1-2135_Scotland.jpg
  • Scottish Queen's Bedchamber in Stirling Castle. The great state bed was symbolic, as Queen Mary of Guise slept in a small room nearby. Once the capital of Scotland, Stirling is visually dominated by Stirling Castle, in the United Kingdom, Europe. Historically, Stirling controlled a strategic position (until the 1890s) as the lowest bridging point of the River Forth before it broadens towards the Firth of Forth, making it the gateway to the Scottish Highlands. One of the principal royal strongholds of the Kingdom of Scotland, Stirling was created a royal burgh by King David I in 1130. Stirling Castle sits atop Castle Hill, an intrusive crag, which forms part of the Stirling Sill geological formation. Most of the stronghold's main buildings date from the 1400s and 1500s, when it peaked in importance. The outer defences fronting the town date from the early 1700s. Before the union with England, Stirling Castle was also one of the most used of the many Scottish royal residences, serving as both a palace and a fortress. Several Scottish Kings and Queens have been crowned at Stirling, including Mary, Queen of Scots in 1542, and others were born or died there. Stirling Castle has suffered at least eight sieges, including several during the Wars of Scottish Independence, with the last being in 1746, when Bonnie Prince Charlie unsuccessfully tried to take the castle.
    17SC1-2119_Scotland.jpg
  • Inside Stirling Castle, the Scottish King's Bedchamber displays a unicorn. Why a unicorn? Unicorns were first depicted in 2600 BC in ancient seals of the Indus Valley Civilization and were mentioned by the ancient Greeks. In Celtic mythology the unicorn symbolized purity, innocence, masculinity and power. The proud, haughty unicorn was chosen as Scotland's national animal because it would rather die than be captured, just as Scots would fight to remain sovereign and unconquered. The unicorn was first used on the Scottish royal coat of arms by William I in the 1100s, and two unicorns supported the shield until 1603. When James VI became James I of England and Ireland in 1603, he replaced one unicorn with the national animal of England, the lion, to demonstrate unity. Once the capital of Scotland, Stirling is visually dominated by Stirling Castle, in the United Kingdom, Europe. Most of Stirling Castle's main buildings date from the 1400s and 1500s, when it peaked in importance.
    17SC1-2103_Scotland.jpg
  • The King's Inner Hall at Stirling Castle, with ceiling of 37 carved replica Stirling Heads, originally designed for James V and finished by his widow Mary of Guise in the 1540s. Once the capital of Scotland, Stirling is visually dominated by Stirling Castle, in the United Kingdom, Europe. Historically, Stirling controlled a strategic position (until the 1890s) as the lowest bridging point of the River Forth before it broadens towards the Firth of Forth, making it the gateway to the Scottish Highlands. One of the principal royal strongholds of the Kingdom of Scotland, Stirling was created a royal burgh by King David I in 1130. Stirling Castle sits atop Castle Hill, an intrusive crag, which forms part of the Stirling Sill geological formation. Most of the stronghold's main buildings date from the 1400s and 1500s, when it peaked in importance. The outer defences fronting the town date from the early 1700s. Before the union with England, Stirling Castle was also one of the most used of the many Scottish royal residences, serving as both a palace and a fortress. Several Scottish Kings and Queens have been crowned at Stirling, including Mary, Queen of Scots in 1542, and others were born or died there. Stirling Castle has suffered at least eight sieges, including several during the Wars of Scottish Independence, with the last being in 1746, when Bonnie Prince Charlie unsuccessfully tried to take the castle.
    17SC1-2089_Scotland.jpg
  • Once the capital of Scotland, Stirling is visually dominated by Stirling Castle. Historically, Stirling controlled a strategic position (until the 1890s) as the lowest bridging point of the River Forth before it broadens towards the Firth of Forth, making it the gateway to the Scottish Highlands. One of the principal royal strongholds of the Kingdom of Scotland, Stirling was created a royal burgh by King David I in 1130. Stirling Castle sits atop Castle Hill, an intrusive crag, which forms part of the Stirling Sill geological formation. Most of the stronghold's main buildings date from the 1400s and 1500s, when it peaked in importance. The outer defences fronting the town date from the early 1700s. Before the union with England, Stirling Castle was also one of the most used of the many Scottish royal residences, serving as both a palace and a fortress. Scotland is now part of the United Kingdom, in Europe. Several Scottish Kings and Queens have been crowned at Stirling, including Mary, Queen of Scots in 1542, and others were born or died there. Stirling Castle has suffered at least eight sieges, including several during the Wars of Scottish Independence, with the last being in 1746, when Bonnie Prince Charlie unsuccessfully tried to take the castle.
    17SC1-2007_Scotland.jpg
  • The Kelpies, built of structural steel in 2013, are the world's largest pair of equine sculptures. Towering 30 meters above the Forth & Clyde Canal, these two horse head artworks are a monumental tribute to the horse power heritage (pulling wagons, ploughs, barges and coalships) vital to early industrial Scotland. Scottish sculptor Andy Scott designed these twin 300-tonne feats of engineering. Visit the Kelpies in the Helix parkland project, Falkirk, Scotland, United Kingdom, Europe.
    17SC1-1414_Scotland.jpg
  • The Kelpies, built of structural steel in 2013, are the world's largest pair of equine sculptures. Towering 30 meters above the Forth & Clyde Canal, these two horse head artworks are a monumental tribute to the horse power heritage (pulling wagons, ploughs, barges and coalships) vital to early industrial Scotland. Scottish sculptor Andy Scott designed these twin 300-tonne feats of engineering. Visit the Kelpies in the Helix parkland project, Falkirk, Scotland, United Kingdom, Europe.
    17SC1-1399_Scotland.jpg
  • The Kelpies, built of structural steel in 2013, are the world's largest pair of equine sculptures. Towering 30 meters above the Forth & Clyde Canal, these two horse head artworks are a monumental tribute to the horse power heritage (pulling wagons, ploughs, barges and coalships) vital to early industrial Scotland. Scottish sculptor Andy Scott designed these twin 300-tonne feats of engineering. Visit the Kelpies in the Helix parkland project, Falkirk, Scotland, United Kingdom, Europe.
    17SC1-1371_Scotland.jpg
  • The Kelpies, built of structural steel in 2013, are the world's largest pair of equine sculptures. Towering 30 meters above the Forth & Clyde Canal, these two horse head artworks are a monumental tribute to the horse power heritage (pulling wagons, ploughs, barges and coalships) vital to early industrial Scotland. Scottish sculptor Andy Scott designed these twin 300-tonne feats of engineering. Visit the Kelpies in the Helix parkland project, Falkirk, Scotland, United Kingdom, Europe.
    17SC1-1373_Scotland.jpg
  • The Kelpies, built of structural steel in 2013, are the world's largest pair of equine sculptures. Towering 30 meters above the Forth & Clyde Canal, these two horse head artworks are a monumental tribute to the horse power heritage (pulling wagons, ploughs, barges and coalships) vital to early industrial Scotland. Scottish sculptor Andy Scott designed these twin 300-tonne feats of engineering. Visit the Kelpies in the Helix parkland project, Falkirk, Scotland, United Kingdom, Europe.
    17SC1-1369_Scotland.jpg
  • Decaying walls grow grass. The formidable red sandstone walls of Caerlaverock Castle have a triangular shape, unique in Britain. First built in 1295 to to control trade, its wide moat, twin-towered gatehouse and lofty battlements give Caerlaverock a fairtale appearance, the epitome of a medieval stronghold. In the castle courtyard, walk through Nithsdale Lodging, a remarkable residence built in 1635, "the most ambitious early classical domestic architecture in Scotland." Caerlaverock is near Dumfries, on the edge of Caerlaverock National Nature Reserve, in southwest Scotland, United Kingdom, Europe. This stronghold defended the Maxwell family from the 1200s-1640, then was abandoned. It was besieged by the English during the Wars of Scottish Independence, and underwent several partial demolitions and reconstructions from the 1300s-1400s.
    17SC1-1352_Scotland.jpg
  • Windows sealed with bricks. The formidable red sandstone walls of Caerlaverock Castle have a triangular shape, unique in Britain. First built in 1295 to to control trade, its wide moat, twin-towered gatehouse and lofty battlements give Caerlaverock a fairtale appearance, the epitome of a medieval stronghold. In the castle courtyard, walk through Nithsdale Lodging, a remarkable residence built in 1635, "the most ambitious early classical domestic architecture in Scotland." Caerlaverock is near Dumfries, on the edge of Caerlaverock National Nature Reserve, in southwest Scotland, United Kingdom, Europe. This stronghold defended the Maxwell family from the 1200s-1640, then was abandoned. It was besieged by the English during the Wars of Scottish Independence, and underwent several partial demolitions and reconstructions from the 1300s-1400s.
    17SC1-1304_Scotland.jpg
  • The formidable red sandstone walls of Caerlaverock Castle have a triangular shape, unique in Britain. First built in 1295 to to control trade, its wide moat, twin-towered gatehouse and lofty battlements give Caerlaverock a fairtale appearance, the epitome of a medieval stronghold. In the castle courtyard, walk through Nithsdale Lodging, a remarkable residence built in 1635, "the most ambitious early classical domestic architecture in Scotland." Caerlaverock is near Dumfries, on the edge of Caerlaverock National Nature Reserve, in southwest Scotland, United Kingdom, Europe. This stronghold defended the Maxwell family from the 1200s-1640, then was abandoned. It was besieged by the English during the Wars of Scottish Independence, and underwent several partial demolitions and reconstructions from the 1300s-1400s.
    17SC1-1270_Scotland.jpg
  • The formidable red sandstone walls of Caerlaverock Castle have a triangular shape, unique in Britain. First built in 1295 to to control trade, its wide moat, twin-towered gatehouse and lofty battlements give Caerlaverock a fairtale appearance, the epitome of a medieval stronghold. In the castle courtyard, walk through Nithsdale Lodging, a remarkable residence built in 1635, "the most ambitious early classical domestic architecture in Scotland." Caerlaverock is near Dumfries, on the edge of Caerlaverock National Nature Reserve, in southwest Scotland, United Kingdom, Europe. This stronghold defended the Maxwell family from the 1200s-1640, then was abandoned. It was besieged by the English during the Wars of Scottish Independence, and underwent several partial demolitions and reconstructions from the 1300s-1400s.
    17SC1-1233_Scotland.jpg
  • Map of our sights in northern England and Scotland, in the United Kingdom, for 34 days round trip from Seattle to Manchester 2017 July 23–August 22.
    1708-Scotland-map.jpg
  • McCaig's Tower rises prominently on Battery Hill overlooking the town of Oban in Argyll, Scotland, United Kingdom, Europe. It is built of Bonawe granite with a circumference of 200 meters with two-tiers of 94 lancet arches. The structure was commissioned by the wealthy, philanthropic banker (North of Scotland Bank), John Stuart McCaig, his own architect. The tower was built between 1897 and his death in 1902, intended as a lasting monument to McCaig's family and as employment for local stonemasons during winter. As an admirer of Roman and Greek architecture, McCaig had planned for an elaborate structure based on the Colosseum in Rome, but only the outer walls were completed. Oban is an important tourism hub and Caledonian MacBrayne (Calmac) ferry port, protected by the island of Kerrera and Isle of Mull, in the Firth of Lorn.
    17UK3-3029_Scotland.jpg
  • McCaig's Tower rises prominently on Battery Hill overlooking the town of Oban in Argyll, Scotland, United Kingdom, Europe. It is built of Bonawe granite with a circumference of 200 meters with two-tiers of 94 lancet arches. The structure was commissioned by the wealthy, philanthropic banker (North of Scotland Bank), John Stuart McCaig, his own architect. The tower was built between 1897 and his death in 1902, intended as a lasting monument to McCaig's family and as employment for local stonemasons during winter. As an admirer of Roman and Greek architecture, McCaig had planned for an elaborate structure based on the Colosseum in Rome, but only the outer walls were completed. Oban is an important tourism hub and Caledonian MacBrayne (Calmac) ferry port, protected by the island of Kerrera and Isle of Mull, in the Firth of Lorn.
    17UK3-3007_Scotland.jpg
  • Rock pattern in Callanish Standing Stones. Erected 4600 years ago, the Callanish Standing Stones are one of the most spectacular megalithic monuments in Scotland. The main site known as "Callanish I" forms a cross with a central stone circle erected circa 2900-2600 BC. More lines of stones were added by 2000 BC (the close of the Neolithic era), and it become a focus for rituals during the Bronze Age. From 1500-1000 BC, farmers emptied the burials and ploughed the area. After from 800 BC, peat accumulated 1.5 meters deep and buried the stones until removed in 1857. Visit this spectacular ancient site near the village of Callanish (Gaelic: Calanais), on the Isle of Lewis, Outer Hebrides (Western Isles), Scotland, United Kingdom, Europe.
    17SC4-101_Scotland.jpg
  • Erected 4600 years ago, the Callanish Standing Stones are one of the most spectacular megalithic monuments in Scotland. The main site known as "Callanish I" forms a cross with a central stone circle erected circa 2900-2600 BC. More lines of stones were added by 2000 BC (the close of the Neolithic era), and it become a focus for rituals during the Bronze Age. From 1500-1000 BC, farmers emptied the burials and ploughed the area. After from 800 BC, peat accumulated 1.5 meters deep and buried the stones until removed in 1857. Visit this spectacular ancient site near the village of Callanish (Gaelic: Calanais), on the Isle of Lewis, Outer Hebrides (Western Isles), Scotland, United Kingdom, Europe.
    17SC2-351_Scotland.jpg
  • Erected 4600 years ago, the Callanish Standing Stones are one of the most spectacular megalithic monuments in Scotland. The main site known as "Callanish I" forms a cross with a central stone circle erected circa 2900-2600 BC. More lines of stones were added by 2000 BC (the close of the Neolithic era), and it become a focus for rituals during the Bronze Age. From 1500-1000 BC, farmers emptied the burials and ploughed the area. After from 800 BC, peat accumulated 1.5 meters deep and buried the stones until removed in 1857. Visit this spectacular ancient site near the village of Callanish (Gaelic: Calanais), on the Isle of Lewis, Outer Hebrides (Western Isles), Scotland, United Kingdom, Europe. This image was stitched from several overlapping photos.
    17SC2-336-338-Pano_Scotland.jpg
  • Erected 4600 years ago, the Callanish Standing Stones are one of the most spectacular megalithic monuments in Scotland. The main site known as "Callanish I" forms a cross with a central stone circle erected circa 2900-2600 BC. More lines of stones were added by 2000 BC (the close of the Neolithic era), and it become a focus for rituals during the Bronze Age. From 1500-1000 BC, farmers emptied the burials and ploughed the area. After from 800 BC, peat accumulated 1.5 meters deep and buried the stones until removed in 1857. Visit this spectacular ancient site near the village of Callanish (Gaelic: Calanais), on the Isle of Lewis, Outer Hebrides (Western Isles), Scotland, United Kingdom, Europe.
    17SC1-31289_Scotland.jpg
  • Erected 4600 years ago, the Callanish Standing Stones are one of the most spectacular megalithic monuments in Scotland. The main site known as "Callanish I" forms a cross with a central stone circle erected circa 2900-2600 BC. More lines of stones were added by 2000 BC (the close of the Neolithic era), and it become a focus for rituals during the Bronze Age. From 1500-1000 BC, farmers emptied the burials and ploughed the area. After from 800 BC, peat accumulated 1.5 meters deep and buried the stones until removed in 1857. Visit this spectacular ancient site near the village of Callanish (Gaelic: Calanais), on the Isle of Lewis, Outer Hebrides (Western Isles), Scotland, United Kingdom, Europe. This image was stitched from several overlapping photos.
    17SC1-31280_82pan_Scotland.jpg
  • Erected 4600 years ago, the Callanish Standing Stones are one of the most spectacular megalithic monuments in Scotland. The main site known as "Callanish I" forms a cross with a central stone circle erected circa 2900-2600 BC. More lines of stones were added by 2000 BC (the close of the Neolithic era), and it become a focus for rituals during the Bronze Age. From 1500-1000 BC, farmers emptied the burials and ploughed the area. After from 800 BC, peat accumulated 1.5 meters deep and buried the stones until removed in 1857. Visit this spectacular ancient site near the village of Callanish (Gaelic: Calanais), on the Isle of Lewis, Outer Hebrides (Western Isles), Scotland, United Kingdom, Europe.
    17SC1-31133_Scotland.jpg
  • Erected 4600 years ago, the Callanish Standing Stones are one of the most spectacular megalithic monuments in Scotland. The main site known as "Callanish I" forms a cross with a central stone circle erected circa 2900-2600 BC. More lines of stones were added by 2000 BC (the close of the Neolithic era), and it become a focus for rituals during the Bronze Age. From 1500-1000 BC, farmers emptied the burials and ploughed the area. After from 800 BC, peat accumulated 1.5 meters deep and buried the stones until removed in 1857. Visit this spectacular ancient site near the village of Callanish (Gaelic: Calanais), on the Isle of Lewis, Outer Hebrides (Western Isles), Scotland, United Kingdom, Europe.
    17SC1-31107_Scotland.jpg
  • Erected 4600 years ago, the Callanish Standing Stones are one of the most spectacular megalithic monuments in Scotland. The main site known as "Callanish I" forms a cross with a central stone circle erected circa 2900-2600 BC. More lines of stones were added by 2000 BC (the close of the Neolithic era), and it become a focus for rituals during the Bronze Age. From 1500-1000 BC, farmers emptied the burials and ploughed the area. After from 800 BC, peat accumulated 1.5 meters deep and buried the stones until removed in 1857. Visit this spectacular ancient site near the village of Callanish (Gaelic: Calanais), on the Isle of Lewis, Outer Hebrides (Western Isles), Scotland, United Kingdom, Europe. This image was stitched from several overlapping photos.
    17SC1-31057-62-Pano_Scotland.jpg
  • Erected 4600 years ago, the Callanish Standing Stones are one of the most spectacular megalithic monuments in Scotland. The main site known as "Callanish I" forms a cross with a central stone circle erected circa 2900-2600 BC. More lines of stones were added by 2000 BC (the close of the Neolithic era), and it become a focus for rituals during the Bronze Age. From 1500-1000 BC, farmers emptied the burials and ploughed the area. After from 800 BC, peat accumulated 1.5 meters deep and buried the stones until removed in 1857. Visit this spectacular ancient site near the village of Callanish (Gaelic: Calanais), on the Isle of Lewis, Outer Hebrides (Western Isles), Scotland, United Kingdom, Europe. This image was stitched from several overlapping photos.
    17SC1-31016-18-Pano_Scotland.jpg
  • Erected 4600 years ago, the Callanish Standing Stones are one of the most spectacular megalithic monuments in Scotland. The main site known as "Callanish I" forms a cross with a central stone circle erected circa 2900-2600 BC. More lines of stones were added by 2000 BC (the close of the Neolithic era), and it become a focus for rituals during the Bronze Age. From 1500-1000 BC, farmers emptied the burials and ploughed the area. After from 800 BC, peat accumulated 1.5 meters deep and buried the stones until removed in 1857. Visit this spectacular ancient site near the village of Callanish (Gaelic: Calanais), on the Isle of Lewis, Outer Hebrides (Western Isles), Scotland, United Kingdom, Europe.
    17SC1-31038_Scotland.jpg
  • In Edinburgh, the Royal Scots Greys Monument in Princes Street Gardens was erected in 1906 to commemorate the fallen of this British cavalry regiment during the Boer War. The Royal Scots Greys Regiment served from 1707-1971. Edinburgh is the capital city of Scotland, in Lothian on the Firth of Forth, Scotland, United Kingdom, Europe. Behind is Edinburgh Castle atop Castle Rock, the most besieged place in Great Britain and one of the most attacked in the world, with 26 sieges in its 1100-year-old history. Few of the present buildings pre-date the Lang Siege of the 1500s except for St Margaret's Chapel from the early 1100s, the Royal Palace, and the early-1500s Great Hall.
    17SC1-4533-Edit_Scotland.jpg
  • Arthur’s Seat (822 feet elevation) rises behind Salisbury Crags in Holyrood Park above Edinburgh, in Scotland, United Kingdom, Europe. Holyrood Park holds a special place in the history of science: Edinburgh geologist James Hutton (1726-97), the father of modern geology, recognised that the Crags' rock had been injected in a molten state into older sedimentary rocks, disproving previous theories. He suggested that the Earth was very old, and continually changing. This startlingly new idea changed the way people thought about the earth, influencing other scientists such as Charles Darwin. The Crags' hard dolerite was quarried for street cobblestones from the mid-1600s until 1831, when the House of Lords decreed that no more stone should be removed, in order to protect the iconic landscape. The Crags are the glaciated remains of a Carboniferous dolerite sill, injected between sedimentary rocks which formed in a shallow sea some 340 million years ago. Glaciers sweeping outwards from the center of Scotland within the past 2 million years scraped this ancient geology into its present form.
    17SC1-4493_Scotland.jpg
  • Adam Smith (1723-1790), Scottish free-market economist, philosopher and author. Edinburgh is the capital city of Scotland, in Lothian on the Firth of Forth's southern shore, Scotland, United Kingdom, Europe.
    17SC1-4425_Scotland.jpg
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