The Treadwell Pump House was built in 1914 at the end of a 600-foot long pier. The building's three centrifugal pumps lifted 2700 gallons of saltwater per minute from Gastineau Channel for milling and fire protection during the winter when fresh water from the Treadwell Ditch was frozen in snow pack. Treadwell Mine operated 1882-1922 in Juneau, in the Alaskan panhandle, USA. Walk the intriguing Treadwell Mine Historic Trail 3 miles south of Douglas Bridge next to Savikko Park. Formerly the largest gold mine in the world, the mini-town of Treadwell peaked in the 1880s, but was abandoned after partially sliding into the sea on April 21, 1917, when a massive cave-in flooded three of four underground mines 2300 feet deep, due to an extreme high tide and failure of unstable underground rock pillars. Now, spooky reminders poke through the forest on well-signposted and interpreted trail: the concrete New Office Building; 1917 slide site; "glory hole", and the restored shell of Treadwell pumphouse. The City and Borough of Juneau is the capital city of Alaska and the second largest city in the USA by area (only Sitka is larger).
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