Young caribou in Stone Mountain Provincial Park, Alaska Highway, British Columbia, Canada. Caribou are large, wild, elk-like animals which live on lichen and vegetation above tree-line in arctic North America and Greenland. Reindeer and caribou look different, but they are probably the same species of deer (Rangifer tarandus) which are well adapted to Arctic and Subarctic regions. Both sexes grow antlers, which are typically larger in males. Reindeer are well known from the Christmas myth where flying reindeer pull Santa Claus's sleigh, as popularized since the early 1800s in America. Reindeer are slightly smaller and were domesticated in northern Eurasia about 2000 years ago. Today, reindeer are herded by many Arctic peoples in Europe and Asia including the Sami in Scandinavia and the Nenets, Chukchi, and others in Russia. Reindeer and caribou have unique hairs which trap air for excellent insulation and flotation for swimming cold rivers.
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